View allAll Photos Tagged Elm Row Cemetery
Although titled "Blitz" and dedicated in honour of those firefighters who gave their lives in the Defence of the Nation 1939 - 1945. not all the women firefighters listed, (and presumably men as well), actually died during the war or even as a result of firefighting.
Daisy L Adams
Name:ADAMS, DAISY LILY
Age:34
Date of Death:26/06/1944
Additional information:Firewoman, N.F.S.; of 17 Stanley Road. Daughter of William H. F. Adams. Died at 17 Stanley Road.
Reporting Authority:CROYDON, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3149122
This was as a result of a V1 attack which landed at 3.57am and would claim 4 lives.
www.flyingbombsandrockets.com/V1_worst_week.html
The other three victims are:-
Name:HENDERSON, NELLLE MILLER
Age:56
Date of Death:26/06/1944
Additional information:of 25 Stanley Road. Daughter of the late Alexander and Helen Watt; wife of William Cranston Henderson. Injured at 25 Stanley Road; died same day at Mayday Hospital.
Reporting Authority:CROYDON, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3149483
Name:SLATER, DONALD LESLIE
Age:13
Date of Death:26/06/1944
Additional information:of 17 Stanley Road. Son of Cyril Leslie and Winifred May Slater. Died at 17 Stanley Road.
Reporting Authority:CROYDON, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3149782
Name:SMALL, JAMES IRELAND
Age:52
Date of Death:26/06/1944
Additional information:at 23 Stanley Road.
Reporting Authority:CROYDON, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3149783
The first V-1 was launched at London on 13 June 1944, one week after (and prompted by) the successful Allied landing in Europe. At its peak, over a hundred V-1s a day were fired at southeast England, 9,521 in total, decreasing in number as sites were overrun until October 1944, when the last V-1 site in range of Britain was overrun by Allied forces.
Approximately 10,000 were fired at England; 2,419 reached London, killing about 6,184 people and injuring 17,981.[The greatest density of hits were received by Croydon, on the southeast fringe of London.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-1_(flying_bomb)
Elsie W Baker
Name:BAKER, ELSIE WINIFRED
Age:31
Date of Death:13/02/1945
Additional information:N.F.S. Daughter of George Henry and Louisa Baker, of 19 George Road, Chingford, Essex. Injured 1 February 1945, at York Road; died at Chase Farm Hospital.
Reporting Authority:ENFIELD, URBAN DISTRICT
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3143045
Ellen RSQ Blackford
Name:BLACKFORD, ELLEN RITA ST QUENTIN
Age:26
Date of Death:11/09/1944
Additional information:Firewoman, N.F.S. Daughter of Ellen Lydia Stirrup, of 36 Albany Place, Dover, Kent; wife of Leonard Blackford, Merchant Navy. Injured September 1944, at Dover; died at Hurstwood Park War Emergency Hospital, Haywards Heath.
Reporting Authority:CUCKFIELD, URBAN DISTRICT
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3152577
Ellen is buried at DOVER (ST. JAMES'S) CEMETERY, Kent
www.doverwarmemorialproject.org.uk/Casualties/CWGC/WWII%2...
Dover suffered a resurgence of long-range shelling in September 1944, as the Germans took a last chance to fire before being forced back out of range. Its probable that Ellen died as a result of one of these incidents.
www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/19/a3358019.shtml
Mary O Cane
Name:CANE, MARY OLIVIA
Age:40
Date of Death:25/09/1940
Additional information:Driver, A.F.S., of 10 Earl's Terrace. Daughter of the late Arthur Beresford Cane, C.B.E., and Lucy Mary Cane, C.B.E., of 66 Elm Park Gardens, West Brompton. Died at 10 Earl's Terrace.
Reporting Authority:KENSINGTON, METROPOLITAN BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3132123
Night Operations - 24th/25th September 1940
At 1930 hours, raids started coming out of Le Havre making for Shoreham and London. These were followed by a sequence of other raids on the same course which were not, however, as numerous as usual. At about the same time, raids from the direction of Holland crossed the North Norfolk coast and for the most part remained in East Anglia except for two which penetrated more deeply Westwards. None of these raids appeared to proceed to the London area.
At about 2230 hours, there was a temporary lull and after 2300 hours owing to returning friendly bombers, it became difficult to distinguish hostile tracks. However, enemy activity in the London area continued and appeared to increase after 0300 hours. The approach was mainly from the South Coast but a few raids flew in from East Anglia.
In the London area, activity further increased after 0400 hours and only at 0538 hours had the last raid recrossed the coast.
Home Security Report
During the night London was again the chief target and was continuously bombed from nightfall onwards. Many fires were started and hits obtained on railways. A certain amount of indiscriminate bombing was observed in Essex and Surrey, but these particular raids do not appear to have caused much damage or casualties.
oLondon Area
Kensington: At 2100 hours IB fell on the Sunbeam-Talbot Motor Works, the offices of which were damaged by fire but production is not likely to be affected. It is reported that Warwick Road is blocked and Earls Court Railway Station closed.
Westminster: Bombs are reported near the West End Central Police Station - fires at Boyle Street and Saville Row. It is also reported that the Hungerford Bridge and Signal Box is on fire, together with St Margaret's, Westminster.
Battersea: Bombs dropped on the SR track at Broughton Street, and the line from Battersea to Clapham Junction is blocked.
Lambeth: Major damage is reported at No 10 Platform Waterloo Station, involving approximately 30 casualties.
Edmonton: IB are reported to have fallen on the West Wings of the North Middlesex and St David's Hospitals.
Ilford: At 2115 hours HE slightly damaged Plessey & Co's. There were no casualties, but effect on production is not yet ascertained.
City: Major damage at 0217 hours on the 25th was reported at Blackfriars Station, 'Times' Office, Queen Victoria Street, and Upper Thames Street.
Further bombings are reported at Hammersmith, Wood Green, Hendon, Tottenham, Wimbledon, Hornsey, Wandsworth, Richmond, Barnes, Southall and Ealing.
www.raf.mod.uk/bob1940/september24.html
Raids on London on the night of the 25th/26th don’t appear to have started until after midnight.
www.raf.mod.uk/bob1940/september25.html
There are a few papers from Arthur Beresford Cane (1864 – 1939) in the National Archive.
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?...
His cases also seem to pop up in older legal textbooks.
He received his CBE in the 1920 New Years Honours List
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Necrothesp/Honours_Lists/1920_...
Jessie Carter
No trace on CWGC, and no female with the surname Carter who is listed as a either a civilian or in the Army on the CWGC would seem to have been a fireman. May have been a post-war casualty.
Audrey M Fricker
Name:FRICKER, AUDREY MARIE
Age:18
Date of Death:24/01/1945
Additional information:Firewoman, N.F.S. Daughter of M. E. Fricker, of 132 Glenview, Abbey Wood, Woolwich, and of the late William George Fricker. Died at Post Office, Stockwell Street.
Reporting Authority:GREENWICH, METROPOLITAN BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3128920
There is a picture of the damage suffered by the post office here
postalheritage.org.uk/blog-images/69-Post118-1500.jpg/ima...
catalogue.postalheritage.org.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqServ...
Sarah L L Gane
Name:GANE, SARAH LORNA LILIAN
Age:21
Date of Death:30/11/1940
Additional information:A.F.S.; of 57 Regents Park Road. Daughter of Joseph Tom and Ethel Kitty Gane. Died at 57 Regents Park Road.
Reporting Authority:SOUTHAMPTON, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3112221
Name:GANE, JOSEPH TOM
Age:57
Date of Death:30/11/1940
Additional information:of 57 Regents Park Road. Husband of Ethel Kitty Gane. Died at 57 Regents Park Road.
Reporting Authority:SOUTHAMPTON, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3112220
Name:GANE, ETHEL KITTY
Age:60
Date of Death:30/11/1940
Additional information:of 57 Regents Park Road. Wife of Joseph Tom Gane. Died at 57 Regents Park Road.
Reporting Authority:SOUTHAMPTON, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC: www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3112219
Name:GANE, DORA GLADYS MAY
Regiment/Service:Civilian War Dead
Age:27
Date of Death:30/11/1940
Additional information:of 57 Regents Park Road. Daughter of Joseph Tom and Ethel Kitty Gane. Died at 57 Regents Park Road.
Reporting Authority:SOUTHAMPTON, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC: www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3112218
Southampton suffered badly from large-scale air raids during World War Two. As a large port city on the south coast, it was an important strategic target for the German air force (Luftwaffe). There were fifty seven attacks in all, but nerves were frayed by over 1,500 alarms.
Of the 57 Air Raids, by far the worst were on 23rd and 30th November and 1st December and these attacks are generally referred to as Southamptonton's Blitz.
Southampton ablaze
It was a cold clear night on the 30th November when the drone of German aircraft engines were heard approaching Southampton. Raids were nothing new; people were used to the routine of seeking shelter and trying to lead as normal a life as possible. This one though was different; this raid was to level most of the city centre, kill over a hundred people and damage or destroy thousands of buildings. The approach of the enemy bombers was the start of the worst wartime weekend in Southampton with unprecedented destruction that would change the city forever.
Over 100 aeroplanes had approached high and began to dive down over the city. Just before 6pm the warning siren was sounded and minutes later the flares that bombers would use to light their targets began to land by parachute, making no sound. They lit the town making a mockery of the blackout. A local resident recalls 'Chandelier flares lit up the whole town around, just like daylight'. This allowed bombers to drop their heavy explosives, including two mines of nearly 2000 kg. These were then followed by thousands of incendiary devices, setting fire to buildings and further marking out the city for the bombers. Up to 9,000 incendiaries were dropped causing hundreds of fires.
The fire caused the most damage. There was no water to fight the blazes, reservoirs were low and water mains were cracked. The fire raged completely out of control at the bottom end of the High Street, at one point 647 fires were burning at the same time across Southampton. One man recalled the firestorm for the Southampton Oral History Team, 'It sweeps everything in front of it, it'll draw you into it if you're not careful... ...It was so hot that if you stood with your boots you could hear them sizzling with the heat from the pavements'. Despite over 2000 extra firefighters being drafted to the city, it was still burning brightly enough to light the way for the second attack a day later. German pilots reported that the glare of Southampton burning could be seen from the North of France.
www.plimsoll.org/Southampton/Southamptonatwar/southampton...
The Kelly’s Street Directory for Southampton for 1940-41, lists a Joseph Tom Gane at this address.
www.plimsoll.org/images/1940%20Streets%20Morland%20Road%2...
In the same directory for 1946, the odd numbered houses side of the Road goes from 51 to 61. I assume the 4 houses in-between were nothing more than a bomb-site.
Yvonne MD Green
Name:GREEN, YVONNE MARIE DUNBAR
Age:30
Date of Death:17/04/1941
Additional information:Driver, A.F.S. Daughter of Forbes Sutherland and Jeanne Tachereau Sutherland, of Montreal, Canada; wife of Lieut. Leonard G. Green, Canadian Army, of 34 Old Church Street. Died at Petyt Place.
Reporting Authority:CHELSEA, METROPOLITAN BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3126946
There are numerous references to damage to the Church and the nearby church rooms in Petyt Place during “1941”, while the nearby Royal Hospital on Kings Road was definitely bombed on the 16th April 1941.
www.athomeinnchelsea.com/cheynewalk.htm
London does not appear to have been a target for a raid on the night of the 15th/16th April 1941, but was on the night of the 16th/17th, looking at the RAF claims and losses records.
Minnie L Hallett
Name:HALLETT, MINNLE LILLIAN
Age:53
Date of Death:21/07/1944
Additional information:Firewoman, N.F.S.; W.V.S.; of 56 Morden Hall Road, Morden. Wife of Frederick Clarence Hallett. Injured at 56 Morden Hall Road; died same day at Nelson Hospital, Merton.
Reporting Authority:MERTON AND MORDEN, URBAN DISTRICT
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3150860
The first V-1 was launched at London on 13 June 1944, one week after (and prompted by) the successful Allied landing in Europe. At its peak, over a hundred V-1s a day were fired at southeast England, 9,521 in total, decreasing in number as sites were overrun until October 1944, when the last V-1 site in range of Britain was overrun by Allied forces.
Approximately 10,000 were fired at England; 2,419 reached London, killing about 6,184 people and injuring 17,981.[11] The greatest density of hits were received by Croydon, on the southeast fringe of London.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-1_(flying_bomb)
Meg M A S Hargrove
Name:HARGROVE, MEG MABEL AGNES STRICKLAND
Age:33
Date of Death:08/03/1941
Additional information:A.F.S. W.V.S. Daughter of Lt. Col. Bryan Cole Bartley, C.B.E., and Mrs. Bartley, of Monterey, P.O. Sandown, Johannesburg, S. Africa; wife of Frank Hargrove, of Kiama, Little Marlow Road, Marlow, Buckinghamshire. Injured at Cafe de Paris, Coventry Street; died same day at Charing Cross Hospital.
Reporting Authority:WESTMINSTER CITY
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3123160
The Times of Monday 10 March 1941 carried the news of the bombing of the Cafe de Paris that had occurred on the previous Saturday night. But you had to dig deep to find the story, and indeed to be able to relate it to the incident itself. Wartime reporting maintained a balance between news and maintaining morale, so at first glance the story (see right) seems a little confusing.
Described as 'the bright moonlight of Saturday night', the story seems almost romantic in its style, and referring to one of the biggest raids of The Blitz as 'a noisy night' seems to understate things a little. However, some deaths are referred to in the second paragraph.
It is then that the Cafe de Paris story is introduced, although masked as 'dancers and diners in a restaurant'. The only clue to the location in London is given in the song title, Oh Johnny, which many must have recognised as a favourite played by Ken Snakehips Johnson and The West Indian Orchestra. The band had a residency there, so if you knew the tune was associated with them, you could probably work out which club had been hit. The description of the aftermath, 'dust and fumes, which blackened faces and frocks' is obviously much changed from the reality of what was left, as evidenced by eye-witnesses after the war.
The idea that 'there were many wonderful escapes' again introduces an almost romantic notion of what it was like there. Needless to say, everyone pulls together and does their best to get the injured to hospital.
The final paragraph of the part that refers to the Cafe de Paris continues with the 'spririt of The Blitz'. A night club had been blown up, with over 30 dead and 80 injured, and yet 'people living nearby made tea, and passers-by contributed handkerchiefs'. The cabaret girls mentioned in the report were in their dressing room at the time, waiting to come on for their part of the show, and so were shielded from the main blast of the bomb.
The report then goes on to describe other incidents that occured the same night. By 6pm on the evening of Sunday 9 March, the London Civil Defence Regional Report showed that 159 people had been killed and 338 seriously injured in 238 incidents on the Saturday night. One of the other bombings that went unmentioned in Monday's Times was at Buckingham Palace, where the North Lodge was demolished, resulting in two fatalities.
www.swingtime.co.uk/Reviews/kenjohns/kentimes.html
www.nickelinthemachine.com/2009/09/the-cafe-de-paris-the-...
In 1939 the Café was allowed to stay open even though theatres and cinemas were closed by order. People gossiped their way through the blackout and the Café was advertised as a safe haven by Martin Poulson, the maitre d', who argued that the four solid storeys of masonry above were ample protection. This tragically proved to be untrue on March 8th 1941 when two 50K landmines came through the Rialto roof straight onto the Café dance floor. Eighty people were killed, including Ken 'Snakehips' Johnston who was performing onstage at the time and Poulson whose words had come back to haunt him. Had the bomb been dropped an hour later, the casualties would have been even higher.
www.cafedeparis.com/club/history
Fleur Lombard
Fleur Lombard QGM (1974 – 4 February 1996) was the first female firefighter to die on duty in peacetime Britain
Fleur Lombard was one of only eight women among Avon's 700 firefighters. On graduating in 1994, Lombard received the Silver Axe Award, for most outstanding recruit on her training school. On 4 February 1996, when she was 21 years old, she was fighting a supermarket fire in Staple Hill, near Bristol, when she and her partner, Robert Seaman, were caught in a flashover. She was killed as a direct result of the intense heat and her body was found just a few yards from the exit. Lombard was the first woman to die in peacetime service in Britain.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleur_Lombard
www.independent.co.uk/news/jail-for-killer-of-fleur-lomba...
news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/73464.stm
Dorien L Pullen
Name:PULLEN, DORRIEN AISNE
Age:29
Date of Death:25/04/1944
Additional information:N.F.S.; of 30 Armadale Road. Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. E. C. H. Thair, of 62 Grove Road; wife of L.A.C. Harold James Pullen, R.A.F. Died at 30 Armadale Road.
Reporting Authority:CHICHESTER, MUNICIPAL BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3152523
During World War II there were 3 bombing raids on Chichester. Bombs were dropped on Basin Road in 1941, on Chapel Street and St Martins Street in 1943 and on Arndale and Green Roads in 1944.
www.localhistories.org/chichester.html
In the same raid Rosina Cox and her son Derek, aged 4, died at 34 Armadale Road, Ada Field, (aged 25) died at 41 Armadale Road, Elsie Gee (aged 28) would die at 32 Armadale Road and there is a Geoffrey Hearn recorded as dieing on the 26th.
Helen Sussman
Name:SUSSMAN, HELEN
Age:25
Date of Death:19/06/1944
Additional information:Firewoman, N.F.S.; of 12 Clydesdale Road. Daughter of Morris and Eva Sussman. Died at 12 Clydesdale Road.
Reporting Authority:KENSINGTON, METROPOLITAN BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3132450
Name:SUSSMAN, EVA
Age:48
Date of Death:19/06/1944
Additional information:of 12 Clydesdale Road. Daughter of the late James Harry and Gertrude Soloway, of 13 Chepstow Road, Bayswater; wife of Morris Sussman. Died at 12 Clydesdale Road.
Reporting Authority:KENSINGTON, METROPOLITAN BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3132449
Name:SUSSMAN, MORRIS
Age:60
Date of Death:19/06/1944
Additional information:of 12 Clydesdale Road. Husband of Eva Sussman. Died at 12 Clydesdale Road.
Reporting Authority:KENSINGTON, METROPOLITAN BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3132451
June 19.The first V1 to hit Notting Hill killed 20 people along Westbourne Park Road and in Clydesdale Road and Mews,
www.historytalk.org/Notting%20Hill%20History%20Timeline/t...
Dolcie I A Taylor
Name:TAYLOR, DOLCIE ENID AMY
Age:33
Date of Death:23/11/1940
Additional information:A.F.S. Telephonist; of Bursay, West End Road, West End. Daughter of J. H. Carter, and of Amy Dawkins Carter. Died at Bursay, West End Road.
Reporting Authority:WINCHESTER, RURAL DISTRICT
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3113022
Name:CARTER, AMY DAWKINS
Age:69
Date of Death:23/11/1940
Additional information:of Bursay, West End Road, West End. Wife of J. H. Carter. Died at Bursay, West End Road.
Reporting Authority:WINCHESTER, RURAL DISTRICT
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3113000
Name:CARTER, WINIFRED EMMA DAWKINS
Age:38
Date of Death:23/11/1940
Additional information:of Bursay, West End Road, West End. Daughter of J. H. Carter, and of Amy Dawkins Carter. Died at Bursay, West End Road.
Reporting Authority:WINCHESTER, RURAL DISTRICT
CWGC: www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3113002
Other casualties at West End on this day include David Stephens, aged 2, of 12, Shales Flats, and Jane Ware, aged 77, of Westwood, West End Road.
See Sarah Gane above for details of the Southampton Blitz. Southampton suffered particularly heavy raids on the 23rd and 30th November 1940. The village of West End, to the NE of Southampton may well have suffered as a result.
Evelyn Torr
Name:TORR, EVELYN
Age:43
Date of Death:12/08/1943
Additional information:Firewoman, N.F.S.; of 24 Craigmore Avenue, Stoke. Daughter of Mary Torr, and of James Torr. Died at 24 Craigmore Avenue.
Reporting Authority:PLYMOUTH, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3103029
Name:TORR, JAMES
Age:70
Date of Death:12/08/1943
Additional information:of 24 Craigmore Avenue, Stoke. Husband of Mary Torr. Died at 24 Craigmore Avenue.
Reporting Authority:PLYMOUTH, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3103030
Nothing seems to be reported in the mains records – RAF command, or local history sites. Other casualties include
Leonard Davey aged 46.
Firewatcher; of 17 Melville Road, Stoke. Son of Henry and Emma Davey, of 16 Hanover Road, Laira. Injured at Union Street; died same day at Prince of Wales Hospital, Greenbank.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3102309
Arthur Dent aged 42
Fireman, N.F.S. Son of Arthur Richard and Minnie Louisa Dent, of 18 Selborne Avenue, Manor Park, London. Died at 104 Hotspur Terrace, North Road.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3102339
Beryl Dibley (aged 14) and Patricia Dibley (aged 3) who died at 100 North Road
Thomas Donovan who died at 21 Portland Villas
Elsie Hancock, (aged 43) died at Welbeck Avenue
Kate Hancock , (aged 73) died at 31 Welbeck Avenue
Frederick Harris, (aged 49), died at 37 Glenmore Avenue, Stoke
Marjorie Harris, (aged 38), died at 31 Welbeck Avenue
Cyril Joy, (aged 44) and his wife Sarah (aged 37) who died at 17 Melville Road
William Joy, (aged 46) who died at 104 Hotspur Terrace
George Kellond, (age 69) who died at 102 Hotspur Terrace
Charlotte Langdon, (aged 77) who died at James Street
Edith Ley, (aged 55) who died at 8 Ryder Road
Gladys Maxwell, (aged 29) and her sons Roger, (aged 3) and Paul, (aged 18 months) who died at 1, Victoria Lane
Blanche Morrell who was injured at 25 Craigmore Avenue, Stoke on the 12th and subsequently died of her injuries on the 14th
Sidney Murrin (aged 65), died at Millbay Station
Jean Sanders, (aged 12) died at 35 Welbeck Avenue
Beatrice Sayer, (aged 57) and her brother Thomas, (aged 64), died at 28 James Street
Elizabeth Shute, (aged 73) injured at 35 Welbeck Avenue on the 12th and succumced to their effects on the 24th.
George Thomas (aged 41)
Fireman, N.F.S. Son of Harriet Grace Thomas, of 7 Fairfield Road, Ongar, Essex, and of the late Edmund Haviland Thomas. Died at 104 North Road.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3103016
George Tucker, (aged 57) who died at 38 Glenmore Avenue, Stoke
Ernest Watts, (aged 34) who died at 104 Hotspur Road
Louisa Williams, (aged 64) who died at 26 Craigmore Avenue
A photograph of two Plymouth firewomen can be seen here
www.devonheritage.org/Places/Plymouth/Plymouth5JtoL.htm
Dorothy S Watson
Name:WATSON, DOROTHY SMITH
Age:39
Date of Death:30/06/1944
Additional information:N.F.S. Daughter of Elizabeth Catherine Watson, of 385 Brompton Road, Bexley Heath, Kent, and of the late Frederick Watson. Injured at Connaught House, Aldwych; died same day at Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street.
Reporting Authority:HOLBORN, METROPOLITAN BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3131109
The V-1 fell in the middle of the street between Bush House and Adastral House, the home of the Air Ministry, at 2:07 p.m., making a direct hit on one of the city’s main loci of power, the site of the Aldwych holy well, directly on the London ley line.
Brilliant blue skies turned to grey fog and darkness.
The device exploded some 40 yards east of the junction of Aldwych and Kingsway, about 40 feet from the Air Ministry offices opposite the east wing of Bush House.
The Air Ministry’s 10-foot-tall blast walls, made of 18-inch-thick brick, disintegrated immediately, deflecting the force of the explosion up and down the street. Hundreds of panes of glass shattered, blowing razor-sharp splinters through the air. The Air Ministry women watching at the windows were sucked out of Adastral House by the vacuum and dashed to death on the street below. Men and women queuing outside the Post Office were torn to pieces. Shrapnel peppered the facades of Bush House and the Air Ministry like bullets.
When the counting was done, about fifty people were killed, 400 seriously wounded, another 200 lightly injured.
secretfire.wordpress.com/the-aldwych-v-1-blast-june-30-1944/
www.westendatwar.org.uk/page_id__10_path__0p2p.aspx
www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/32/a7019732.shtml
Joan E B Wilson
Name:WILSON, JOAN EMMA BESSIE
Age:24
Date of Death:08/03/1941
Additional information:Women's Auxiliary Fire Service; Daughter of Mrs. M. Wilson, of 8 Northcourt Avenue, Reading, Berkshire. Died at Cafe de Paris, Coventry Street.
Reporting Authority:WESTMINSTER CITY
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3123851
See Meg Hargrove above for more details on this incident.
Not on the memorial, but on one of the site listed above Alice Jessica Gifford, aged 21 is recorded as a Firewoman in the NFS.
www.devonheritage.org/Places/Plymouth/Plymouth5GtoI.htm
However CWGC database lists her as a civilian.
Name:GIFFORD, ALICE JESSICA
Date of Death:03/07/1944
Additional information:at Plymouth.
Reporting Authority:PLYMOUTH, COUNTY BOROUGH
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3102436
- DRD - The Homeless Hag
- The Homeless Hag is a new release
- Old items for 50L:
Forgotten Guestroom - bed in one color (also comes in gold and rouge at mainstore)
Cemetery - Small graves. The rest of the collection is available at mainstore.
Gift for FLF O WEEN event is the autumn shelf.
NOW NEW at FLF O WEEN
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Don't miss the Halloween HUNT on DRD sim!
- DRD 's A Nightmare at Elm Creek, NOW OPEN
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The ceiling of the springthorpe memorial ... glorious light
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR - springthorpe
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial within the Boroondara Cemetery (VHR0049)commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected in 1897 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures. It contains twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland supporting a Harcourt granite superstructure, and a glass dome roof of lead lighting.
How is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is historically important in demonstrating nineteenth century social and cultural attitudes to death, and for reflecting the ideals of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement which aimed at providing comfort for mourners. The memorial is important in demonstrating uniqueness, no other example being known of such aesthetic composition, architectural design and execution, or scale. It is important in exhibiting good design and aesthetic characteristics and for the richness and unusual integration of features. The Springthorpe Memorial is also important in illustrating the principal characteristics of the work of a number of artists including Desbrowe Annear, Mackennal, the glass manufacturers Auguste Fischer and the bronze work of Marriots.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Elm trees in a row at the World Heritage Site, Skogskyrkogården, the big cemetery at Enskede in Stockholm.
The Serpentine (also known as the Serpentine River) is a 40-acre (16 ha) recreational lake in Hyde Park, London, England, created in 1730 at the behest of Queen Caroline. Although it is common to refer to the entire body of water as the Serpentine, the name refers in the strict sense only to the eastern half of the lake. Serpentine Bridge, which marks the boundary between Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens, also marks the Serpentine's western boundary; the long and narrow western half of the lake is known as the Long Water. The Serpentine takes its name from its snakelike, curving shape, although it only has one bend.
Originally fed by the River Westbourne and Tyburn Brook in the 1730s, the lake's water was then pumped from the Thames in the 1830s. The water is now pumped from three boreholes within Hyde Park, the most recent being installed in May 2012 as part of the 2011–2012 restoration of the lake. The Serpentine provided a focal point for The Great Exhibition of 1851, and more recently was a venue for the men's and women's triathlon and marathon swimming events in the London 2012 Olympics. Since 1864, the Serpentine Swimming Club has organised a 100-yard race every Christmas morning. In 1913, the Peter Pan Cup was inaugurated for this race by J. M. Barrie, the creator of the fictional character Peter Pan.
There are many recreational facilities around the Serpentine, as well as boating on the lake itself. In 1860, the Serpentine was to be modified into a skating pond with formal edges. This scheme was not implemented. Among the landmarks near the lake is the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain.
Geography of the lake
Originally the lake was fed by the River Westbourne entering at the Italian Garden at the north-western end of the Long Water. The Westbourne ceased to provide the water for the Serpentine in 1834, as it had become polluted so water was for some years pumped from the tidal Thames. The water is now supplied by three boreholes drilled into the Upper Chalk. The first borehole is at the Italian Gardens, the second at the Diana Memorial and the third, drilled in 2012 to a depth of 132 m (433 ft), is within 50 m (160 ft) of there. The Long Water runs south-east from this point to Serpentine Bridge, where the lake curves to the east, following the natural contours of the land. At the eastern end, water flows out via a sluice in the dam, forming a small ornamental waterfall at the Dell where a small garden exists landscaped in the 1870s by Lord Redesdale. The outflow has not historically maintained the waterfall, and re-circulation pumps were installed in the Dell, below the dam, to sustain this feature. The restoration work in 2012 restored the flows into the Serpentine and this waterfall is now restored as originally designed. Historically the river flowed mainly exposed due south from this point as the mutual limits of Westminster and Kensington, but since 1850 is culverted (runs underground) to reach the Thames near Chelsea Bridge.
The lake has a maximum depth of 17 ft (5.2 m);[citation needed] it is often reported to be deeper, but bathymetric surveys by the Royal Park in 2010 revealed the design of the lake.
There are two lakeside restaurants and various recreational facilities on the lake shore.
History
In 1730 Queen Caroline, wife of George II, ordered the damming of the River Westbourne in Hyde Park as part of a general redevelopment of Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. Original monastic ponds may have existed in the location and these were modified as part of the 1730–1732 scheme to create a single lake. At that time, the Westbourne formed eleven natural ponds in the park. During the 1730s, the lake filled to its current size and shape. The redevelopment was carried out by Royal Gardener Charles Bridgeman, who dammed the Westbourne to create the artificial lake, and dug a large pond in the centre of Kensington Gardens (The Round Pond) to be a focal point for pathways in the park.
At the time of construction, artificial lakes were typically long and straight garden canals, as at St James's Park, where the canal was excavated in the 1660s (later turned into a curving lake). The Serpentine was one of the earliest artificial lakes designed to appear natural, and was widely imitated in parks and gardens nationwide.
The lake achieved notoriety in December 1816 when Harriet Westbrook, the pregnant wife of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, was found drowned in the Serpentine[9] having left a suicide note addressed to her father, sister and husband.[10] Shelley married Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin less than two weeks later.
The lake formed a focal point of the 1814 celebrations which marked a century of Hanoverian rule and re-enacted the British victory at Trafalgar nine years previously,[11] and of the 1851 Great Exhibition, with the Crystal Palace standing on its southern shore. Following the introduction of more stringent regulations to protect the environment in the park, the relocation of the Crystal Palace, and the construction of the nearby Albertopolis complex of museums and exhibitions, large-scale events ceased to take place on the banks of the Serpentine. However, it was the location for the 1977 Silver Jubilee celebrations,[6] and a venue for the 2012 Olympics.
In the 1820s, the park was extensively redesigned by Decimus Burton. At the same time, John Rennie the Younger designed and oversaw the Serpentine Bridge as part of newly built West Carriage Drive bounding Hyde Park against Kensington Gardens, dividing the lake into the Serpentine (east) and the Long Water (west).
Edward Jenner Memorial, sculptor William Calder Marshall
In 2011, The Royal Park embarked on the restoration of the Serpentine to combat growing concerns about the status of the water and the quality of the aquatic environment. The project resulted in a substantial change to the hydrology of the lake, which had a turnover time of 10 years, and is now reduced to 4–5 months as a result of new borehole water being pumped into the lake. The three boreholes, drilled into the Upper Chalk, now supply the lake with up to 900,000 cubic metres (32 million cubic feet) of water per annum ensuring that the lake remains fresh and does not stagnate. In addition, the historically contaminated sediments have been treated and nutrients within the sediments chemically neutralised. Thirdly, the oxygen status of the water and the overall mixing of the lake is now controlled by a series of 24 aeration pumps fixed to the base of the lake. These ensure that the dissolved oxygen levels in the lake do not fall and result in chronic ecological stress. Finally, the overall ecology of the lake was reviewed and some of the large bream and carp were removed in February 2012 to reduce their disturbance of the sediment and vegetation of the lake. These measures were implemented over the period October 2011 to June 2012. The resultant water quality of the lake was excellent and proved to be an extremely popular venue for the swimming portion of the London 2012 Triathlon and the Marathon Swim events in August 2012.
Recreation
Swimming
A rectangular swimming area on the southern bank was opened in 1930. Known as Lansbury's Lido, it is partitioned off from the rest of the lake by a perimeter of buoys. There is a fee for entering the lido, and changing rooms are available. It is normally open only in the summer, typically between 10:00 and 17:30, although members of the Serpentine Swimming Club may swim all the year round from 05:00 to 09:30. The Peter Pan Christmas Day Race is only open to regular participants in the Saturday swimming competitions during the winter.
The Serpentine was used as the venue for the swimming portion of the triathlon and for the marathon swimming events at the 2012 Olympic Games.
Swim Serpentine was created as a two-day open water event in the summer. It is organised by London Marathon events.
Peter Pan Cup
Since 1864, the Serpentine has hosted a 100-yard (91.4 m) swimming competition every Christmas morning at 9 am. In 1904, author J. M. Barrie awarded the Peter Pan Cup to the winner of the race, a tradition which has continued ever since. Owing to the hazards of swimming in freezing water, the race is open only to members of the Serpentine Swimming Club.
Boating
Rowing boats are available for hire. In 2002 the Serpentine hosted the Mercedes Benz World Rowing Sprints, in which several international crews raced over 500 metres (547 yards).
Solarshuttle
In the summer months, (The) Solarshuttle, a solar-powered boat ferries passengers between the northern and southern banks of the Serpentine. At 48 feet (15 m) long and carrying 42 passengers, it is the largest wholly solar-powered passenger boat operating in the UK.
Landmarks
The Hyde Park Holocaust Memorial, unveiled in 1983 stands at the eastern end of the Serpentine, immediately beyond the dam. A memorial on the northern shore of the lake was erected by Norwegian seamen in 1978 in thanks for the safe haven they were given in Britain after their country surrendered to the Germans in 1940, during the Second World War.
The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain, opened in 2004, sits on the southern shore near West Carriage Drive. At first beset with problems, needing a three-week closure, it has become one of the UK's most popular attractions, with 800,000 visitors a year. Sharing the bank is the Serpentine Gallery and the Serpentine Sackler Gallery opened in 2013 converting an 1805-built gunpowder store, across a bridge.
On the northern side of the lake, opposite The Lido, are two self-contained boat houses. The East Boat House, 1903, erected by the Royal Humane Society and West Boat House, 1952, for the new chlorination launch, to replace a former boat house bombed in 1940. Nearby is a grass amphitheatre known as the Cockpit. This disused gravel pit was the scene of The Rolling Stones' "Stones in the Park" concert in 1969. Concerts here, from 1968, were initially organised by Blackhill Enterprises. This area can also be seen in the 1953 film Genevieve, as the starting point for the annual London to Brighton Veteran Car Run.
Hyde Park is a 350 acres (140 ha), historic Grade I-listed urban park in Westminster, Greater London. A Royal Park, it is the largest of the parks and green spaces that form a chain from Kensington Palace through Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park, via Hyde Park Corner and Green Park, past Buckingham Palace to St James's Park. Hyde Park is divided by the Serpentine and the Long Water lakes.
The park was established by Henry VIII in 1536 when he took the land from Westminster Abbey and used it as a hunting ground. It opened to the public in 1637 and quickly became popular, particularly for May Day parades. Major improvements occurred in the early 18th century under the direction of Queen Caroline. The park also became a place for duels during this time, often involving members of the nobility. In the 19th century, The Great Exhibition of 1851 was held in the park, for which The Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton, was erected.
Free speech and demonstrations have been a key feature of Hyde Park since the 19th century. Speakers' Corner has been established as a point of free speech and debate since 1872, while the Chartists, the Reform League, the suffragettes, and the Stop the War Coalition have all held protests there. In the late 20th century, the park was known for holding large-scale free rock music concerts, featuring groups such as Pink Floyd, The Rolling Stones and Queen. Major events in the park have continued into the 21st century, such as Live 8 in 2005, and the annual Hyde Park Winter Wonderland from 2007.
Geography
Hyde Park is a Royal Park in central London, bounded on the north by Bayswater Road, to the east by Park Lane, and to the south by Knightsbridge. Further north is Paddington, further east is Mayfair and further south is Belgravia. To the southeast, outside the park, is Hyde Park Corner, beyond which is Green Park, St. James's Park and Buckingham Palace Gardens.[3] The park has been Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens since 1987.
To the west, Hyde Park merges with Kensington Gardens. The dividing line runs approximately between Alexandra Gate to Victoria Gate via West Carriage Drive and the Serpentine Bridge. The Serpentine is to the south of the park area. Kensington Gardens has been separate from Hyde Park since 1728, when Queen Caroline divided them. Hyde Park covers 142 hectares (351 acres), and Kensington Gardens covers 111 hectares (274 acres), giving a total area of 253 hectares (625 acres). During daylight, the two parks merge seamlessly into each other, but Kensington Gardens closes at dusk, and Hyde Park remains open throughout the year from 5 a.m. until midnight.
History
Early history
The park's name comes from the Manor of Hyde, which was the northeast sub-division of the manor of Eia (the other two sub-divisions were Ebury and Neyte) and appears as such in the Domesday Book. The name is believed to be of Saxon origin, and means a unit of land, the hide, that was appropriate for the support of a single family and dependents. Through the Middle Ages, it was property of Westminster Abbey, and the woods in the manor were used both for firewood and shelter for game.
16th–17th centuries
Hyde Park was created for hunting by Henry Vlll in 1536 after he acquired the manor of Hyde from the Abbey.[10] It was enclosed as a deer park and remained a private hunting ground until James I permitted limited access to gentlefolk, appointing a ranger to take charge. Charles I created the Ring (north of the present Serpentine boathouses), and in 1637 he opened the park to the general public. It quickly became a popular gathering place, particularly for May Day celebrations. At the start of the English Civil War in 1642, a series of fortifications were built along the east side of the park, including forts at what is now Marble Arch, Mount Street and Hyde Park Corner. The latter included a strongpoint where visitors to London could be checked and vetted.
In 1652, during the Interregnum, Parliament ordered the then 620-acre (250 ha) park to be sold for "ready money". It realised £17,000 with an additional £765 6s 2d for the resident deer. Following the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, Charles II retook ownership of Hyde Park and enclosed it in a brick wall. He restocked deer in what is now Buck Hill in Kensington Gardens. The May Day parade continued to be a popular event; Samuel Pepys took part in the park's celebrations in 1663 while attempting to gain the King's favour.[15] During the Great Plague of London in 1665, Hyde Park was used as a military camp.
18th century
Hyde Park; both lost their lives.
In 1689, William III moved his residence to Kensington Palace on the far side of Hyde Park and had a drive laid out across its southern edge which was known as the King's Private Road. The drive is still in existence as a wide straight gravelled carriage track leading west from Hyde Park Corner across the southern boundary of Hyde Park towards Kensington Palace and now known as Rotten Row, possibly a corruption of rotteran (to muster), Ratten Row (roundabout way), Route du roi, or rotten (the soft material with which the road is covered). It is believed to be the first road in London to be lit at night, which was done to deter highwaymen. In 1749, Horace Walpole was robbed while travelling through the park from Holland House. The row was used by the wealthy for riding in the early 19th century.
Hyde Park was a popular duelling spot during the 18th century, with 172 taking place, causing 63 deaths. The Hamilton–Mohun Duel took place there in 1712, when Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, fought James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton. Baron Mohun was killed instantly, and the Duke died shortly afterwards. John Wilkes fought Samuel Martin in 1772, the year in which Richard Brinsley Sheridan duelled with Captain Thomas Mathews over the latter's libellous comments about Sheridan's fiancée, Elizabeth Ann Linley. Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow, fought Andrew Stuart in a Hyde Park duel in 1770. Military executions were common in Hyde Park at this time; John Rocque's Map of London, 1746, marks a point inside the park, close to the Tyburn gallows, as "where soldiers are shot."
The first coherent landscaping in Hyde Park began in 1726. It was undertaken by Charles Bridgeman for King George I; after the king's death in 1727, it continued with approval of his daughter-in-law, Queen Caroline. Work was supervised by Charles Withers, the Surveyor-General of Woods and Forests, and divided Hyde Park, creating Kensington Gardens. The Serpentine was formed by damming the River Westbourne, which runs through the park from Kilburn towards the Thames. It is divided from the Long Water by a bridge designed by George Rennie in 1826.
The work was completed in 1733. The 2nd Viscount Weymouth was made Ranger of Hyde Park in 1739 and shortly after began digging the Serpentine lakes at Longleat. A powder magazine was built north of the Serpentine in 1805.
19th–21st centuries
Hyde Park hosted a Great Fair in the summer of 1814 to celebrate the Allied sovereigns' visit to England, and exhibited various stalls and shows. The Battle of Trafalgar was re-enacted on the Serpentine, with a band playing the National Anthem while the French fleet sank into the lake. The coronation of King George IV in 1821 was celebrated with a fair in the park, including an air balloon and firework displays.
One of the most important events to take place in Hyde Park was the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was constructed on the south side of the park. The public did not want the building to remain after the closure of the exhibition, and its architect, Joseph Paxton, raised funds and purchased it. He had it moved to Sydenham Hill in South London. Another significant event was the first Victoria Cross investiture, on 26 June 1857, when 62 men were decorated by Queen Victoria in the presence of Prince Albert and other members of the Royal Family, including their future son-in-law Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia.
The Hyde Park Lido sits on the south bank of the Serpentine. It opened in 1930 to provide improved support for bathing and sunbathing in the park, which had been requested by the naturist group, the Sunlight League. The Lido and accompanying Pavilion was designed by the Commissioner of Works, George Lansbury, and was half funded by a £5,000 (now equivalent to £336,000) donation from Major Colin Cooper (1892–1938). It still sees regular use in the summer.
Hyde Park has been a major venue for several Royal jubilees and celebrations. For the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887, a party was organised on 22 June where around 26,000 school children were given a free meal as a gift. The Queen and the Prince of Wales made an unexpected appearance at the event. Victoria remained fond of Hyde Park in the final years of her life and often drove there twice a day. As part of the Queen's Silver Jubilee in 1977, a Jubilee Exhibition was set up in Hyde Park, with the Queen and Prince Philip visiting on 30 June. In 2012, a major festival took place in the park as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. On 6 February, the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, fired a 41-gun Royal Salute at Hyde Park Corner.
On 20 July 1982, a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb killed four soldiers and seven horses. A memorial was constructed to the left of the Albert Gate to commemorate the soldiers and horses killed in the blast.
Since 2007, Hyde Park has played host to the annual Winter Wonderland event, which features numerous Christmas-themed markets, along with various rides and attractions, alongside bars and restaurants. It has become one of the largest Christmas events in Europe, having attracted over 14 million visitors as of 2016, and has expanded to include the largest ice rink in London, live entertainment and circuses.
On 18 September 2010, Hyde Park was the setting for a prayer vigil with Pope Benedict XVI as part of his visit to the United Kingdom, attended by around 80,000 people. A large crowd assembled along the Mall to see the Pope arrive for his address. An attempt to assassinate the Pope had been foiled after five people dressed as street cleaners were spotted within a mile of Hyde Park, and arrested along with a sixth suspect. They were later released without charge as police said they posed no credible threat.
Grand Entrance
During the late 18th century, plans were made to replace the old toll gate at Hyde Park Corner with a grander entrance, following the gentrification of the area surrounding it. The first design was put forward by Robert Adam in 1778 as a grand archway, followed by John Soane's 1796 proposal to build a new palace adjacent to the corner in Green Park.
Following the construction of Buckingham Palace, the improvement plans were revisited. The grand entrance to the park at Hyde Park Corner was designed by Decimus Burton, and was constructed in the 1820s. Burton laid out the paths and driveways and designed a series of lodges, the Screen/Gate at Hyde Park Corner (also known as the Grand Entrance or the Apsley Gate) in 1825 and the Wellington Arch, which opened in 1828. The Screen and the Arch originally formed a single composition, designed to provide a monumental transition between Hyde Park and Green Park, although the arch was moved in 1883. It originally had a statue of the Duke of Wellington on top; it was moved to Aldershot in 1883 when the arch was re-sited.
Decimus Burton's Wellington Arch, Hyde Park Corner
An early description reports:
"It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with three carriage entrance archways, two-foot entrances, a lodge, etc. The extent of the whole frontage is about 107 ft (33 m). The central entrance has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns; and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations, present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military triumphal procession. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, junior, the son of Mr. Henning who was well known for his models of the Elgin Marbles. The gates were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron, bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves brought out in a most extraordinary manner."
The Wellington Arch was extensively restored by English Heritage between 1999 and 2001. It is now open to the public, who can see a view of the parks from its platforms above the porticoes.
Features
Popular areas within Hyde Park include Speakers' Corner (located in the northeast corner near Marble Arch), close to the former site of the Tyburn gallows, and Rotten Row, which is the northern boundary of the site of the Crystal Palace.
Botany
Flowers were first planted in Hyde Park in 1860 by William Andrews Nesfield. The next year, the Italian Water Garden was constructed at Victoria Gate, including fountains and a summer house. Queen Anne's Alcove was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and was moved to the park from its original location in Kensington Gardens.
During the late 20th century, over 9,000 elm trees in Hyde Park were killed by Dutch elm disease. This included many trees along the great avenues planted by Queen Caroline, which were ultimately replaced by limes and maples. The park now holds 4 acres (1.6 ha) of greenhouses which hold the bedding plants for the Royal Parks. A scheme is available to adopt trees in the park, which helps fund their upkeep and maintenance. A botanical curiosity is the weeping beech, which is known as "the upside-down tree". A rose garden, designed by Colvin & Moggridge Landscape Architects, was added in 1994.
Monuments
There are a number of assorted statues and memorials around Hyde Park. The Cavalry Memorial was built in 1924 at Stanhope Gate. It moved to the Serpentine Road when Park Lane was widened to traffic in 1961. South of the Serpentine is the Diana, Princess of Wales memorial, an oval stone ring fountain opened on 6 July 2004. To the east of the Serpentine, just beyond the dam, is Britain's Holocaust Memorial. The 7 July Memorial in the park commemorates the victims of 7 July 2005 London bombings.
The Standing Stone is a 7 t (7.7-ton) monolith at the centre of the Dell, in the east of Hyde Park. Made of Cornish stone, it was originally part of a drinking fountain, though an urban legend was established, claiming it was brought from Stonehenge by Charles I.
An assortment of unusual sculptures are scattered around the park, including: Still Water, a massive horse head lapping up water; Jelly Baby Family, a family of giant Jelly Babies standing on top of a large black cube; and Vroom Vroom, which resembles a giant human hand pushing a toy car along the ground. The sculptor Jacob Epstein constructed several works in Hyde Park. His memorial to the author William Henry Hudson, featuring his character Rima caused public outrage when it was unveiled in 1925.
There has been a fountain at Grosvenor Gate since 1863, designed by Alexander Munro. There is another fountain opposite Mount Street on the park's eastern edge.
A pet cemetery was established at the north edge of Hyde Park in the late 19th century. The last burial took place in 1976.
Police station
Currently, the Metropolitan Police Service are responsible for policing the park and are based inside what is colloquially known as 'the Old Police House', which is situated within the park. The building was designed by John Dixon Butler, who was the forces's surveyor between 1895 and 1920. For the police, he completed around 200 buildings, including the Former New Scotland Yard, Norman Shaw South Building (assisting Richard Norman Shaw); the adjoining Canon Row Police Station; Bow Road Police Station, Tower Hamlets; Tower Bridge Magistrates Court and adjoining Police Station; and 19–21 Great Marlborough Street, Westminster (court and police station). The architectural historian describes the building as being like, from a distance, "a medium-sized country house of Charles II’s time." Hyde Park was policed by the Metropolitan Police from 1867 until 1993, when policing of the park was handed over to the Royal Parks Constabulary. In 2004 this changed back to the Metropolitan Police, following a review of the Royal Parks Constabulary by Anthony Speed.
Debates
Hyde Park's Speakers' Corner has acquired an international reputation for demonstrations and other protests[62] due to its tolerance of free speech. In 1855, a protest at the park was organised to demonstrate against Robert Grosvenor's attempt to ban Sunday trading, including a restriction on pub opening times. Karl Marx observed approximately 200,000 protesters attended the demonstration, which involved jeering and taunting at upper-class horse carriages. A further protest occurred a week later, but this time the police attacked the crowd.
Metropolitan Police, the only royal park so managed, due to the potential for trouble at Speakers' Corner. A Metropolitan Police station ('AH') is situated in the middle of the park. Covering Hyde Park and sixteen other royal parks (mostly in London), the 1872 Parks Regulation Act formalised the position of "park keeper" and also provided that "Every police constable belonging to the police force of the district in which any park, garden, or possession to which this Act applies is situate shall have the powers, privileges, and immunities of a park-keeper within such park, garden, or possession."
Speakers' Corner became increasingly popular in the late 19th century. Visitors brought along placards, stepladders and soap boxes in order to stand out from others, while heckling of speakers was popular. The rise of the Internet, particularly blogs, has diminished the importance of Speakers' Corner as a political platform, and it is increasingly seen as simply a tourist attraction.
As well as Speakers' Corner, several important mass demonstrations have occurred in Hyde Park. On 26 July 1886, the Reform League staged a march from their headquarters towards the park, campaigning for increased suffrage and representation. Though the police had closed the park, the crowd managed to break down the perimeter railings and get inside, leading to the event being dubbed "The Hyde Park Railings Affair". After the protests turned violent, three squadrons of Horse Guards and numerous Foot Guards were sent out from Marble Arch to combat the situation. On 21 June 1908, as part of "Women's Sunday", a reported 750,000 people marched from the Embankment to Hyde Park protesting for votes for women. The first protest against the planned 2003 invasion of Iraq took place in Hyde Park on 28 September 2002, with 150,000–350,000 in attendance. A further series of demonstrations happened around the world, culminating in the 15 February 2003 anti-war protests, part of a global demonstration against the Iraq War. Over a million protesters are reported to have attended the Hyde Park event alone.
Concerts
The bandstand in Hyde Park was built in Kensington Gardens in 1869 and moved to its present location in 1886. It became a popular place for concerts in the 1890s, featuring up to three every week. Military and brass bands continued to play there into the 20th century.
The music management company Blackhill Enterprises held the first rock concert in Hyde Park on 29 June 1968, attended by 15,000 people. On the bill were Pink Floyd, Roy Harper and Jethro Tull, while John Peel later said it was "the nicest concert I’ve ever been to". Subsequently, Hyde Park has featured some of the most significant concerts in rock. The supergroup Blind Faith (featuring Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood) played their debut gig in Hyde Park on 7 June 1969. The Rolling Stones headlined a concert (later released as The Stones in the Park) on 5 July that year, two days after the death of founding member Brian Jones, and is now remembered as one of the most famous gigs of the 1960s. Pink Floyd returned to Hyde Park on 18 July 1970, playing new material from Atom Heart Mother. All of the early gigs from 1968 to 1971 were free events, contrasting sharply with the later commercial endeavours.
Queen played a free concert organised by Richard Branson in the park on 18 September 1976, partway through recording the album A Day at the Races. The band drew an audience of 150,000 – 200,000, which remains the largest crowd for a Hyde Park concert. The group were not allowed to play an encore, and police threatened to arrest frontman Freddie Mercury if he attempted to do so.
The British Live 8 concert took place in Hyde Park on 2 July 2005, as a concert organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise awareness of increased debts and poverty in the third world. Acts included U2, Coldplay, Elton John, R.E.M., Madonna, The Who, and Paul McCartney, and the most anticipated set was the reformation of the classic 1970s line-up of Pink Floyd (including David Gilmour and Roger Waters) for the first time since 1981. The gig was the Floyd's final live performance.
Acts from each of the four nations in the UK played a gig in the park as part of the opening ceremony for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The headliners were Duran Duran, representing England, alongside the Stereophonics for Wales, Paolo Nutini for Scotland, and Snow Patrol for Northern Ireland. Since 2011, Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park has taken place each September. The British Summer Time series of concerts have taken place every summer in Hyde Park since 2013, and have included performances by Black Sabbath, Neil Young, Celine Dion and Bon Jovi.
Local residents have become critical of Hyde Park as a concert venue, due to the sound levels, and have campaigned for a maximum sound level of 73 decibels. In July 2012, Bruce Springsteen and Paul McCartney found their microphones switched off after Springsteen had played a three-hour set during the Park's Hard Rock Calling festival, and overshot the 10:30 pm curfew time.
Sports
Hyde Park contains several sporting facilities, including several football pitches and a Tennis centre. There are numerous cycle paths, and horse riding is popular.
In 1998 British artist Marion Coutts recreated Hyde Park, along with Battersea and Regent's Park, as a set of asymmetrical ping-pong tables for her interactive installation Fresh Air.
For the 2012 Summer Olympics, the park hosted the triathlon, which brothers Alistair Brownlee and Jonathan Brownlee took the Gold and Bronze medals for Team GB, and the 10 km open water swimming events. The park has also hosted the ITU World Triathlon Grand Final.
Transport
Entrance to the left
There are five London Underground stations located on or near the edges of Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens (which is contiguous with Hyde Park). In clockwise order starting from the south-east, they are:
Hyde Park Corner (Piccadilly line)
Knightsbridge (Piccadilly line)
Queensway (Central line)
Lancaster Gate (Central line)
Marble Arch (Central line)
Bayswater tube station, on the Circle and District lines, is also close to Queensway station and the north-west corner of the park. High Street Kensington tube station, on the Circle and District is very close to Kensington Palace located on the Southwest corner of Kensington Gardens. Paddington station, served by Bakerloo, Circle and District, and Hammersmith & City lines, is close to Lancaster Gate station and a short walk away from Hyde Park.
Several main roads run around the perimeter of Hyde Park. Park Lane is part of the London Inner Ring Road and the London Congestion Charge zone boundary. Transport within the park for people lacking mobility and disabled visitors is provided free of charge by Liberty Drives, located at Triangle Carpark.[85]
Cycle Superhighway 3 (CS3) begins at Lancaster Gate, on the northern perimeter of Hyde Park. It is one of several TfL-coordinated cycle routes to cross the Park. CS3 also crosses Hyde Park Corner on its route towards Westminster and the City of London. The route opened in September 2018 and is signposted and cyclists are segregated from other road traffic on wide cycle tracks.
Date: Circa 1890s
Source Type: Cabinet Card Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Erickson and Hanson's Moscow Art Studio
Postmark: Not Applicable
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: This is a large cabinet card measuring 5½ inches by 8½ inches. Given that each of the six individuals in this image are holding a whip, it is possible that they were wagon teamsters. The whips they are holding appear to be quite long in both shaft and lash, similar to a lunge whip used to train horses in a corral.
The top of photograph is rather interesting in that it appears as if the photograph may have been taken inside a tent.
Written in pencil on the reverse of this image is the following:
Front row left to right
George Lile
Tommy Clayton
Allen Clayton
Charley Ruark
Standing
Elmer, Bert Ruark
George Franklin Lile was born November 1866, in Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, Washington, the son of Isaac Lile and Sarah C. (Ellis) Lile. He married Sarah E. Clayton (b. 1869, d. 1928), sister of Charley and Tommy. George died on February 10, 1920, in Enterprise, Wallowa County, Oregon, and is buried in the Pomeroy Cemetery in Pomeroy, Garfield County, Washington.
Thomas "Tommy" Perry Clayton was born February 2, 1869, in Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, Washington, the son of Daniel and Cyrene G. (Moore) Clayton. He married Clara Vanausdale (b. 1876, d. 1900) in 1894 and as a widow married Lucy L. Stocking (b. 1877, d. 1943) in 1905. Tommy passed away on January 2, 1942, in Lewiston, Nez Perce County, Idaho, and is buried at Pomeroy City Cemetery in Pomeroy, Garfield County, Washington.
Allen Sylvester Clayton, brother of Tommy, was born November 3, 1863, in Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, Washington, the son of Daniel and Cyrene G. (Moore) Clayton. He married Myra Ada Lewis (b. 1868, d. 1896) and as a widow married Bessie C. Bridwell (b. 1873, d. 1952) in 1914. Allen passed away on September 6, 1954, in Clarkston, Asotin County, Washington, and is buried at Pomeroy City Cemetery in Pomeroy, Garfield County, Washington.
Charles "Charley" Augustus Ruark was born May 18, 1856, in Wayne County, Iowa, the son of Thomas and Mary Adelia (Messenger) Ruark. Charley married Rosalia C. Clayton (b. 1862, d. 1935), sister of Allen and Tommy Clayton, in 1877. Charley died on September 30, 1910, in Spokane, Spokane County, Washington, and is buried at Pomeroy City Cemetery in Pomeroy, Garfield County, Washington.
Albert "Bert" Curtis Ruark, brother of Charley, was born October 19, 1878, in Garfield County, Washington. Bert married Edna Munch (b. 1885, d. 1975) in 1902. Bert died on March 19, 1932, in Pomeroy, Garfield County, Washington, and is buried in the Pomeroy Cemetery.
Elmer is unidentified; it is possible that Elmer is a Ruark, but research has not been able to uncover his identity.
Source:
Find A Grave (www.findagrave.com)
Copyright 2021. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
William Beavis Randell.
David McLaren took out three Special Surveys of the Torrens Valley area for the SA Company in 1839/40. One centred on the River Torrens which flows through what became Gumeracha. The SA Company had a manager’s residence built at Gumeracha named Ludlow House for the sheep and cattle herd manager of their lands there. William Beavis Randell, arrived in South Australia in October 1837 as a SA Company manager and he was sent to work at Ludlow House. William Beavis Randell was born in Devon in England in 1799 and married Mary Ann Bear in 1823 in the village of Kenton near Exeter Devon. He came from a family of flour millers and that was his father’s occupation in Devon. William Beavis Randell’s first born child William Richard Randell arrived in 1824. At the age of 38 William Beavis Randell brought his wife and family of seven children to South Australia including William Richard Randell who was then 13 years old. When William Beavis’ contract with the SA Company expired in 1845 he bought land for himself in Kenton Valley adjacent to Gumeracha. Here he built a grand house, which he called Kenton Park and a flour mill which opened for business in 1847.
Flour milling was such an important industry in early South Australia and William Beavis Randell Senior built his first flour mill at Gumeracha in 1847 which he called Kenton Mills. He had leased and run a flour mill in Kenton Devon before he moved to South Australia. On his land he first built a two storey stone barn in 1841 followed by Kenton Park House in 1844. When he built his first flourmill in 1847 he also built a row of workers cottages for his employees. These 1847 cottages are locally heritage listed and they received an Adelaide Hills Council grant of $20,000 in 2023 for their restoration. Like Kenton Park house they back onto the River Torrens. Directly opposite the flour mill he built Mill Cottage as a residence for his son William Richard Randell and another son John Beavis Randell. Today Mill cottage is a well maintained private stone residence.
The Randall family with seven children moved into the Gothic style Kenton Park house in 1844. Randall had 966 acres of prime land along the River Torrens with some bought from the SA Company Special Survey and some from the government. From 1848 he bought wheat from the early settlers at Blumberg (Birdwood) for processing in his flourmill. One of his sons, Samuel Randell managed a flour mill at Blumberg. William Beavis Randell and the Randell family also bought the flour mill at Mt Pleasant built in 1863 and another at Eden Valley which was managed by William Richard Randell another son of William Randell senior. Then William Beavis Randell also acquired the land for a flour mill in Blumberg from George Fife Angas. He built the Blumberg (Birdwood) mill in 1854 and in 1857 it was destroyed by a fire. It was rebuilt and partially fire damaged again in 1867 when it was rebuilt again. It was owned by William Beavis Randell until his death in late December 1876. Thereafter it was sold to the Pflaum brothers in 1877. They built a grand three storey structure in 1888 and that building is now the National Motor Museum in Birdwood. Much of the flour produced in the Gumeracha flour mill from 1853 onwards was carted by bullock teams to Mannum to be loaded onto a Randell ship for transport up the Murray and Darling rivers and to the gold mining centre of Bendigo and the Murray-Darling River sheep stations! The Randell flour mill was converted to a butter factory in 1883 by William Richard Randell and later it became a butcher’s shop, and an AMSCOL milk depot. More recently a bed and breakfast establishment operated in it before it reverted to a private residence.
William Beavis Randell was a good Baptist and friend of David McLaren the former SA Company manager who was also a Baptist. McLaren had lived in Ludlow House himself for some time. Early Baptist services for the Gumeracha area were held in William Beavis Randell’s barn (built 1841) until the Salem Baptist Church, the oldest Baptist congregation in SA, was built. This congregation was keen to build a church and one opened in 1846 with the first service taken by Reverend Thomas Playford of Mitcham. Randell donated some of his land for this Baptist church which he attended. William Beavis Randell and his wife and numerous family members are buried in the attached cemetery. Until 1899 baptisms were conducted in a spring in the circle of oaks opposite the church but an earthquake at the time dried up the permanent spring which was located there and used for the baptisms.
Randell died at Kenton Park in 1876 and the milling business was then taken over by his son William Richard Randell. William Beavis Randell was an interesting character. But there is a surprise in William Beavis Randell’s story because in the last year of his 77 years of life on 17th August 1876 he married his housekeeper who was only 38 years old. He died on 28th December 1876. His first wife Mary Ann had died in December 1874 and was buried in the Salem cemetery with a simple marble headstone. After William Beavis Randell died a grand marble memorial was built for his grave with Mary Ann Elliot Randell’s name also listed on that headstone although she was buried nearby. His second wife was Phoebe Robbins and by the time Randell died, just four months after the marriage, Phoebe was pregnant with a child who was named John Beavis Randell. William Beavis Randell was buried in the Salem Baptist cemetery in January 1877. After his death Phoebe inherited 100 acres of land but she did not inherit Kenton Park. Phoebe Randell died in 1922. Her son John Beavis Randell bought Kenton Park in 1928 and moved back into the house and he represented Gumeracha in state parliament in the 1920s. He died in 1953. William Beavis Randell had nine children with Mary Ann and John Randell with Phoebe. Kenton Park remained in the Randell family until the year 2000 when it was sold to others.
Few families had such an important impact on the history of the South Australian colony as did the Randell family. The father was a successful flour miller and his son William Richard Randell was the paddle steamer builder, river boat captain and river trader. The father settled in Gumeracha and became its leading citizen and the son established his career in Mannum but then retired back to the family estate of Kenton Park in Gumeracha just before his father’s death. They contributed to the Baptist Church in SA and the state parliament apart from their business interests. The Randell family developed a family logo which encapsulates the varied interests of the family. It has English Oaks which were planted at Kenton Park and in Gumeracha, a paddle wheel representing the river navigation company (and the river race of 1853), and a stone flour mill and chimney which represented the family milling businesses. Their heritage lives on in both Gumeracha and Mannum 186 years after William Beavis Randell arrived in Gumeracha. Below as a small family history chart as their names become confusing
William Beavis Randell 1799-1876. Married Mary Ann Elliott ( Bear) 1823. 10 children.
Married Phoebe Robbins 1876. 1 child.
Established Gumeracha, Kenton Park, flour mill. Buried Salem cemetery.
Their eldest son William Richard Randell. 1823 – 1911.
Married Elizabeth Nichols 1853. 15 children.
Established Mannum, Mary Jane paddle steamer, flour miller. Buried Salem.
Their eldest living son William Beavis Randell 1856 – 1917.
Married Hannah Finlayson 1880. 12 children.
Established dairy factory in mill, potato farmer, at Kenton Park. Buried Salem.
Their eldest living son William Beavis Randell 1886 – 1946.
Married Mary Lander 1916. 3 children.
Hyde Park is a 350 acres (140 ha), historic Grade I-listed urban park in Westminster, Greater London. A Royal Park, it is the largest of the parks and green spaces that form a chain from Kensington Palace through Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park, via Hyde Park Corner and Green Park, past Buckingham Palace to St James's Park. Hyde Park is divided by the Serpentine and the Long Water lakes.
The park was established by Henry VIII in 1536 when he took the land from Westminster Abbey and used it as a hunting ground. It opened to the public in 1637 and quickly became popular, particularly for May Day parades. Major improvements occurred in the early 18th century under the direction of Queen Caroline. The park also became a place for duels during this time, often involving members of the nobility. In the 19th century, The Great Exhibition of 1851 was held in the park, for which The Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton, was erected.
Free speech and demonstrations have been a key feature of Hyde Park since the 19th century. Speakers' Corner has been established as a point of free speech and debate since 1872, while the Chartists, the Reform League, the suffragettes, and the Stop the War Coalition have all held protests there. In the late 20th century, the park was known for holding large-scale free rock music concerts, featuring groups such as Pink Floyd, The Rolling Stones and Queen. Major events in the park have continued into the 21st century, such as Live 8 in 2005, and the annual Hyde Park Winter Wonderland from 2007.
Geography
Hyde Park is a Royal Park in central London, bounded on the north by Bayswater Road, to the east by Park Lane, and to the south by Knightsbridge. Further north is Paddington, further east is Mayfair and further south is Belgravia. To the southeast, outside the park, is Hyde Park Corner, beyond which is Green Park, St. James's Park and Buckingham Palace Gardens.[3] The park has been Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens since 1987.
To the west, Hyde Park merges with Kensington Gardens. The dividing line runs approximately between Alexandra Gate to Victoria Gate via West Carriage Drive and the Serpentine Bridge. The Serpentine is to the south of the park area. Kensington Gardens has been separate from Hyde Park since 1728, when Queen Caroline divided them. Hyde Park covers 142 hectares (351 acres), and Kensington Gardens covers 111 hectares (274 acres), giving a total area of 253 hectares (625 acres). During daylight, the two parks merge seamlessly into each other, but Kensington Gardens closes at dusk, and Hyde Park remains open throughout the year from 5 a.m. until midnight.
History
Early history
The park's name comes from the Manor of Hyde, which was the northeast sub-division of the manor of Eia (the other two sub-divisions were Ebury and Neyte) and appears as such in the Domesday Book. The name is believed to be of Saxon origin, and means a unit of land, the hide, that was appropriate for the support of a single family and dependents. Through the Middle Ages, it was property of Westminster Abbey, and the woods in the manor were used both for firewood and shelter for game.
16th–17th centuries
Hyde Park was created for hunting by Henry Vlll in 1536 after he acquired the manor of Hyde from the Abbey.[10] It was enclosed as a deer park and remained a private hunting ground until James I permitted limited access to gentlefolk, appointing a ranger to take charge. Charles I created the Ring (north of the present Serpentine boathouses), and in 1637 he opened the park to the general public. It quickly became a popular gathering place, particularly for May Day celebrations. At the start of the English Civil War in 1642, a series of fortifications were built along the east side of the park, including forts at what is now Marble Arch, Mount Street and Hyde Park Corner. The latter included a strongpoint where visitors to London could be checked and vetted.
In 1652, during the Interregnum, Parliament ordered the then 620-acre (250 ha) park to be sold for "ready money". It realised £17,000 with an additional £765 6s 2d for the resident deer. Following the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, Charles II retook ownership of Hyde Park and enclosed it in a brick wall. He restocked deer in what is now Buck Hill in Kensington Gardens. The May Day parade continued to be a popular event; Samuel Pepys took part in the park's celebrations in 1663 while attempting to gain the King's favour.[15] During the Great Plague of London in 1665, Hyde Park was used as a military camp.
18th century
Hyde Park; both lost their lives.
In 1689, William III moved his residence to Kensington Palace on the far side of Hyde Park and had a drive laid out across its southern edge which was known as the King's Private Road. The drive is still in existence as a wide straight gravelled carriage track leading west from Hyde Park Corner across the southern boundary of Hyde Park towards Kensington Palace and now known as Rotten Row, possibly a corruption of rotteran (to muster), Ratten Row (roundabout way), Route du roi, or rotten (the soft material with which the road is covered). It is believed to be the first road in London to be lit at night, which was done to deter highwaymen. In 1749, Horace Walpole was robbed while travelling through the park from Holland House. The row was used by the wealthy for riding in the early 19th century.
Hyde Park was a popular duelling spot during the 18th century, with 172 taking place, causing 63 deaths. The Hamilton–Mohun Duel took place there in 1712, when Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, fought James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton. Baron Mohun was killed instantly, and the Duke died shortly afterwards. John Wilkes fought Samuel Martin in 1772, the year in which Richard Brinsley Sheridan duelled with Captain Thomas Mathews over the latter's libellous comments about Sheridan's fiancée, Elizabeth Ann Linley. Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow, fought Andrew Stuart in a Hyde Park duel in 1770. Military executions were common in Hyde Park at this time; John Rocque's Map of London, 1746, marks a point inside the park, close to the Tyburn gallows, as "where soldiers are shot."
The first coherent landscaping in Hyde Park began in 1726. It was undertaken by Charles Bridgeman for King George I; after the king's death in 1727, it continued with approval of his daughter-in-law, Queen Caroline. Work was supervised by Charles Withers, the Surveyor-General of Woods and Forests, and divided Hyde Park, creating Kensington Gardens. The Serpentine was formed by damming the River Westbourne, which runs through the park from Kilburn towards the Thames. It is divided from the Long Water by a bridge designed by George Rennie in 1826.
The work was completed in 1733. The 2nd Viscount Weymouth was made Ranger of Hyde Park in 1739 and shortly after began digging the Serpentine lakes at Longleat. A powder magazine was built north of the Serpentine in 1805.
19th–21st centuries
Hyde Park hosted a Great Fair in the summer of 1814 to celebrate the Allied sovereigns' visit to England, and exhibited various stalls and shows. The Battle of Trafalgar was re-enacted on the Serpentine, with a band playing the National Anthem while the French fleet sank into the lake. The coronation of King George IV in 1821 was celebrated with a fair in the park, including an air balloon and firework displays.
One of the most important events to take place in Hyde Park was the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was constructed on the south side of the park. The public did not want the building to remain after the closure of the exhibition, and its architect, Joseph Paxton, raised funds and purchased it. He had it moved to Sydenham Hill in South London. Another significant event was the first Victoria Cross investiture, on 26 June 1857, when 62 men were decorated by Queen Victoria in the presence of Prince Albert and other members of the Royal Family, including their future son-in-law Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia.
The Hyde Park Lido sits on the south bank of the Serpentine. It opened in 1930 to provide improved support for bathing and sunbathing in the park, which had been requested by the naturist group, the Sunlight League. The Lido and accompanying Pavilion was designed by the Commissioner of Works, George Lansbury, and was half funded by a £5,000 (now equivalent to £336,000) donation from Major Colin Cooper (1892–1938). It still sees regular use in the summer.
Hyde Park has been a major venue for several Royal jubilees and celebrations. For the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887, a party was organised on 22 June where around 26,000 school children were given a free meal as a gift. The Queen and the Prince of Wales made an unexpected appearance at the event. Victoria remained fond of Hyde Park in the final years of her life and often drove there twice a day. As part of the Queen's Silver Jubilee in 1977, a Jubilee Exhibition was set up in Hyde Park, with the Queen and Prince Philip visiting on 30 June. In 2012, a major festival took place in the park as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. On 6 February, the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, fired a 41-gun Royal Salute at Hyde Park Corner.
On 20 July 1982, a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb killed four soldiers and seven horses. A memorial was constructed to the left of the Albert Gate to commemorate the soldiers and horses killed in the blast.
Since 2007, Hyde Park has played host to the annual Winter Wonderland event, which features numerous Christmas-themed markets, along with various rides and attractions, alongside bars and restaurants. It has become one of the largest Christmas events in Europe, having attracted over 14 million visitors as of 2016, and has expanded to include the largest ice rink in London, live entertainment and circuses.
On 18 September 2010, Hyde Park was the setting for a prayer vigil with Pope Benedict XVI as part of his visit to the United Kingdom, attended by around 80,000 people. A large crowd assembled along the Mall to see the Pope arrive for his address. An attempt to assassinate the Pope had been foiled after five people dressed as street cleaners were spotted within a mile of Hyde Park, and arrested along with a sixth suspect. They were later released without charge as police said they posed no credible threat.
Grand Entrance
During the late 18th century, plans were made to replace the old toll gate at Hyde Park Corner with a grander entrance, following the gentrification of the area surrounding it. The first design was put forward by Robert Adam in 1778 as a grand archway, followed by John Soane's 1796 proposal to build a new palace adjacent to the corner in Green Park.
Following the construction of Buckingham Palace, the improvement plans were revisited. The grand entrance to the park at Hyde Park Corner was designed by Decimus Burton, and was constructed in the 1820s. Burton laid out the paths and driveways and designed a series of lodges, the Screen/Gate at Hyde Park Corner (also known as the Grand Entrance or the Apsley Gate) in 1825 and the Wellington Arch, which opened in 1828. The Screen and the Arch originally formed a single composition, designed to provide a monumental transition between Hyde Park and Green Park, although the arch was moved in 1883. It originally had a statue of the Duke of Wellington on top; it was moved to Aldershot in 1883 when the arch was re-sited.
Decimus Burton's Wellington Arch, Hyde Park Corner
An early description reports:
"It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with three carriage entrance archways, two-foot entrances, a lodge, etc. The extent of the whole frontage is about 107 ft (33 m). The central entrance has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns; and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations, present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military triumphal procession. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, junior, the son of Mr. Henning who was well known for his models of the Elgin Marbles. The gates were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron, bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves brought out in a most extraordinary manner."
The Wellington Arch was extensively restored by English Heritage between 1999 and 2001. It is now open to the public, who can see a view of the parks from its platforms above the porticoes.
Features
Popular areas within Hyde Park include Speakers' Corner (located in the northeast corner near Marble Arch), close to the former site of the Tyburn gallows, and Rotten Row, which is the northern boundary of the site of the Crystal Palace.
Botany
Flowers were first planted in Hyde Park in 1860 by William Andrews Nesfield. The next year, the Italian Water Garden was constructed at Victoria Gate, including fountains and a summer house. Queen Anne's Alcove was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and was moved to the park from its original location in Kensington Gardens.
During the late 20th century, over 9,000 elm trees in Hyde Park were killed by Dutch elm disease. This included many trees along the great avenues planted by Queen Caroline, which were ultimately replaced by limes and maples. The park now holds 4 acres (1.6 ha) of greenhouses which hold the bedding plants for the Royal Parks. A scheme is available to adopt trees in the park, which helps fund their upkeep and maintenance. A botanical curiosity is the weeping beech, which is known as "the upside-down tree". A rose garden, designed by Colvin & Moggridge Landscape Architects, was added in 1994.
Monuments
There are a number of assorted statues and memorials around Hyde Park. The Cavalry Memorial was built in 1924 at Stanhope Gate. It moved to the Serpentine Road when Park Lane was widened to traffic in 1961. South of the Serpentine is the Diana, Princess of Wales memorial, an oval stone ring fountain opened on 6 July 2004. To the east of the Serpentine, just beyond the dam, is Britain's Holocaust Memorial. The 7 July Memorial in the park commemorates the victims of 7 July 2005 London bombings.
The Standing Stone is a 7 t (7.7-ton) monolith at the centre of the Dell, in the east of Hyde Park. Made of Cornish stone, it was originally part of a drinking fountain, though an urban legend was established, claiming it was brought from Stonehenge by Charles I.
An assortment of unusual sculptures are scattered around the park, including: Still Water, a massive horse head lapping up water; Jelly Baby Family, a family of giant Jelly Babies standing on top of a large black cube; and Vroom Vroom, which resembles a giant human hand pushing a toy car along the ground. The sculptor Jacob Epstein constructed several works in Hyde Park. His memorial to the author William Henry Hudson, featuring his character Rima caused public outrage when it was unveiled in 1925.
There has been a fountain at Grosvenor Gate since 1863, designed by Alexander Munro. There is another fountain opposite Mount Street on the park's eastern edge.
A pet cemetery was established at the north edge of Hyde Park in the late 19th century. The last burial took place in 1976.
Police station
Currently, the Metropolitan Police Service are responsible for policing the park and are based inside what is colloquially known as 'the Old Police House', which is situated within the park. The building was designed by John Dixon Butler, who was the forces's surveyor between 1895 and 1920. For the police, he completed around 200 buildings, including the Former New Scotland Yard, Norman Shaw South Building (assisting Richard Norman Shaw); the adjoining Canon Row Police Station; Bow Road Police Station, Tower Hamlets; Tower Bridge Magistrates Court and adjoining Police Station; and 19–21 Great Marlborough Street, Westminster (court and police station). The architectural historian describes the building as being like, from a distance, "a medium-sized country house of Charles II’s time." Hyde Park was policed by the Metropolitan Police from 1867 until 1993, when policing of the park was handed over to the Royal Parks Constabulary. In 2004 this changed back to the Metropolitan Police, following a review of the Royal Parks Constabulary by Anthony Speed.
Debates
Hyde Park's Speakers' Corner has acquired an international reputation for demonstrations and other protests[62] due to its tolerance of free speech. In 1855, a protest at the park was organised to demonstrate against Robert Grosvenor's attempt to ban Sunday trading, including a restriction on pub opening times. Karl Marx observed approximately 200,000 protesters attended the demonstration, which involved jeering and taunting at upper-class horse carriages. A further protest occurred a week later, but this time the police attacked the crowd.
Metropolitan Police, the only royal park so managed, due to the potential for trouble at Speakers' Corner. A Metropolitan Police station ('AH') is situated in the middle of the park. Covering Hyde Park and sixteen other royal parks (mostly in London), the 1872 Parks Regulation Act formalised the position of "park keeper" and also provided that "Every police constable belonging to the police force of the district in which any park, garden, or possession to which this Act applies is situate shall have the powers, privileges, and immunities of a park-keeper within such park, garden, or possession."
Speakers' Corner became increasingly popular in the late 19th century. Visitors brought along placards, stepladders and soap boxes in order to stand out from others, while heckling of speakers was popular. The rise of the Internet, particularly blogs, has diminished the importance of Speakers' Corner as a political platform, and it is increasingly seen as simply a tourist attraction.
As well as Speakers' Corner, several important mass demonstrations have occurred in Hyde Park. On 26 July 1886, the Reform League staged a march from their headquarters towards the park, campaigning for increased suffrage and representation. Though the police had closed the park, the crowd managed to break down the perimeter railings and get inside, leading to the event being dubbed "The Hyde Park Railings Affair". After the protests turned violent, three squadrons of Horse Guards and numerous Foot Guards were sent out from Marble Arch to combat the situation. On 21 June 1908, as part of "Women's Sunday", a reported 750,000 people marched from the Embankment to Hyde Park protesting for votes for women. The first protest against the planned 2003 invasion of Iraq took place in Hyde Park on 28 September 2002, with 150,000–350,000 in attendance. A further series of demonstrations happened around the world, culminating in the 15 February 2003 anti-war protests, part of a global demonstration against the Iraq War. Over a million protesters are reported to have attended the Hyde Park event alone.
Concerts
The bandstand in Hyde Park was built in Kensington Gardens in 1869 and moved to its present location in 1886. It became a popular place for concerts in the 1890s, featuring up to three every week. Military and brass bands continued to play there into the 20th century.
The music management company Blackhill Enterprises held the first rock concert in Hyde Park on 29 June 1968, attended by 15,000 people. On the bill were Pink Floyd, Roy Harper and Jethro Tull, while John Peel later said it was "the nicest concert I’ve ever been to". Subsequently, Hyde Park has featured some of the most significant concerts in rock. The supergroup Blind Faith (featuring Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood) played their debut gig in Hyde Park on 7 June 1969. The Rolling Stones headlined a concert (later released as The Stones in the Park) on 5 July that year, two days after the death of founding member Brian Jones, and is now remembered as one of the most famous gigs of the 1960s. Pink Floyd returned to Hyde Park on 18 July 1970, playing new material from Atom Heart Mother. All of the early gigs from 1968 to 1971 were free events, contrasting sharply with the later commercial endeavours.
Queen played a free concert organised by Richard Branson in the park on 18 September 1976, partway through recording the album A Day at the Races. The band drew an audience of 150,000 – 200,000, which remains the largest crowd for a Hyde Park concert. The group were not allowed to play an encore, and police threatened to arrest frontman Freddie Mercury if he attempted to do so.
The British Live 8 concert took place in Hyde Park on 2 July 2005, as a concert organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise awareness of increased debts and poverty in the third world. Acts included U2, Coldplay, Elton John, R.E.M., Madonna, The Who, and Paul McCartney, and the most anticipated set was the reformation of the classic 1970s line-up of Pink Floyd (including David Gilmour and Roger Waters) for the first time since 1981. The gig was the Floyd's final live performance.
Acts from each of the four nations in the UK played a gig in the park as part of the opening ceremony for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The headliners were Duran Duran, representing England, alongside the Stereophonics for Wales, Paolo Nutini for Scotland, and Snow Patrol for Northern Ireland. Since 2011, Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park has taken place each September. The British Summer Time series of concerts have taken place every summer in Hyde Park since 2013, and have included performances by Black Sabbath, Neil Young, Celine Dion and Bon Jovi.
Local residents have become critical of Hyde Park as a concert venue, due to the sound levels, and have campaigned for a maximum sound level of 73 decibels. In July 2012, Bruce Springsteen and Paul McCartney found their microphones switched off after Springsteen had played a three-hour set during the Park's Hard Rock Calling festival, and overshot the 10:30 pm curfew time.
Sports
Hyde Park contains several sporting facilities, including several football pitches and a Tennis centre. There are numerous cycle paths, and horse riding is popular.
In 1998 British artist Marion Coutts recreated Hyde Park, along with Battersea and Regent's Park, as a set of asymmetrical ping-pong tables for her interactive installation Fresh Air.
For the 2012 Summer Olympics, the park hosted the triathlon, which brothers Alistair Brownlee and Jonathan Brownlee took the Gold and Bronze medals for Team GB, and the 10 km open water swimming events. The park has also hosted the ITU World Triathlon Grand Final.
Transport
Entrance to the left
There are five London Underground stations located on or near the edges of Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens (which is contiguous with Hyde Park). In clockwise order starting from the south-east, they are:
Hyde Park Corner (Piccadilly line)
Knightsbridge (Piccadilly line)
Queensway (Central line)
Lancaster Gate (Central line)
Marble Arch (Central line)
Bayswater tube station, on the Circle and District lines, is also close to Queensway station and the north-west corner of the park. High Street Kensington tube station, on the Circle and District is very close to Kensington Palace located on the Southwest corner of Kensington Gardens. Paddington station, served by Bakerloo, Circle and District, and Hammersmith & City lines, is close to Lancaster Gate station and a short walk away from Hyde Park.
Several main roads run around the perimeter of Hyde Park. Park Lane is part of the London Inner Ring Road and the London Congestion Charge zone boundary. Transport within the park for people lacking mobility and disabled visitors is provided free of charge by Liberty Drives, located at Triangle Carpark.[85]
Cycle Superhighway 3 (CS3) begins at Lancaster Gate, on the northern perimeter of Hyde Park. It is one of several TfL-coordinated cycle routes to cross the Park. CS3 also crosses Hyde Park Corner on its route towards Westminster and the City of London. The route opened in September 2018 and is signposted and cyclists are segregated from other road traffic on wide cycle tracks.
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR - springthorpe
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial within the Boroondara Cemetery (VHR0049)commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected in 1897 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures. It contains twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland supporting a Harcourt granite superstructure, and a glass dome roof of lead lighting.
How is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is historically important in demonstrating nineteenth century social and cultural attitudes to death, and for reflecting the ideals of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement which aimed at providing comfort for mourners. The memorial is important in demonstrating uniqueness, no other example being known of such aesthetic composition, architectural design and execution, or scale. It is important in exhibiting good design and aesthetic characteristics and for the richness and unusual integration of features. The Springthorpe Memorial is also important in illustrating the principal characteristics of the work of a number of artists including Desbrowe Annear, Mackennal, the glass manufacturers Auguste Fischer and the bronze work of Marriots.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR - springthorpe
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial within the Boroondara Cemetery (VHR0049)commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected in 1897 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures. It contains twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland supporting a Harcourt granite superstructure, and a glass dome roof of lead lighting.
How is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is historically important in demonstrating nineteenth century social and cultural attitudes to death, and for reflecting the ideals of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement which aimed at providing comfort for mourners. The memorial is important in demonstrating uniqueness, no other example being known of such aesthetic composition, architectural design and execution, or scale. It is important in exhibiting good design and aesthetic characteristics and for the richness and unusual integration of features. The Springthorpe Memorial is also important in illustrating the principal characteristics of the work of a number of artists including Desbrowe Annear, Mackennal, the glass manufacturers Auguste Fischer and the bronze work of Marriots.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Hyde Park is a 350 acres (140 ha), historic Grade I-listed urban park in Westminster, Greater London. A Royal Park, it is the largest of the parks and green spaces that form a chain from Kensington Palace through Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park, via Hyde Park Corner and Green Park, past Buckingham Palace to St James's Park. Hyde Park is divided by the Serpentine and the Long Water lakes.
The park was established by Henry VIII in 1536 when he took the land from Westminster Abbey and used it as a hunting ground. It opened to the public in 1637 and quickly became popular, particularly for May Day parades. Major improvements occurred in the early 18th century under the direction of Queen Caroline. The park also became a place for duels during this time, often involving members of the nobility. In the 19th century, The Great Exhibition of 1851 was held in the park, for which The Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton, was erected.
Free speech and demonstrations have been a key feature of Hyde Park since the 19th century. Speakers' Corner has been established as a point of free speech and debate since 1872, while the Chartists, the Reform League, the suffragettes, and the Stop the War Coalition have all held protests there. In the late 20th century, the park was known for holding large-scale free rock music concerts, featuring groups such as Pink Floyd, The Rolling Stones and Queen. Major events in the park have continued into the 21st century, such as Live 8 in 2005, and the annual Hyde Park Winter Wonderland from 2007.
Geography
Hyde Park is a Royal Park in central London, bounded on the north by Bayswater Road, to the east by Park Lane, and to the south by Knightsbridge. Further north is Paddington, further east is Mayfair and further south is Belgravia. To the southeast, outside the park, is Hyde Park Corner, beyond which is Green Park, St. James's Park and Buckingham Palace Gardens.[3] The park has been Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens since 1987.
To the west, Hyde Park merges with Kensington Gardens. The dividing line runs approximately between Alexandra Gate to Victoria Gate via West Carriage Drive and the Serpentine Bridge. The Serpentine is to the south of the park area. Kensington Gardens has been separate from Hyde Park since 1728, when Queen Caroline divided them. Hyde Park covers 142 hectares (351 acres), and Kensington Gardens covers 111 hectares (274 acres), giving a total area of 253 hectares (625 acres). During daylight, the two parks merge seamlessly into each other, but Kensington Gardens closes at dusk, and Hyde Park remains open throughout the year from 5 a.m. until midnight.
History
Early history
The park's name comes from the Manor of Hyde, which was the northeast sub-division of the manor of Eia (the other two sub-divisions were Ebury and Neyte) and appears as such in the Domesday Book. The name is believed to be of Saxon origin, and means a unit of land, the hide, that was appropriate for the support of a single family and dependents. Through the Middle Ages, it was property of Westminster Abbey, and the woods in the manor were used both for firewood and shelter for game.
16th–17th centuries
Hyde Park was created for hunting by Henry Vlll in 1536 after he acquired the manor of Hyde from the Abbey.[10] It was enclosed as a deer park and remained a private hunting ground until James I permitted limited access to gentlefolk, appointing a ranger to take charge. Charles I created the Ring (north of the present Serpentine boathouses), and in 1637 he opened the park to the general public. It quickly became a popular gathering place, particularly for May Day celebrations. At the start of the English Civil War in 1642, a series of fortifications were built along the east side of the park, including forts at what is now Marble Arch, Mount Street and Hyde Park Corner. The latter included a strongpoint where visitors to London could be checked and vetted.
In 1652, during the Interregnum, Parliament ordered the then 620-acre (250 ha) park to be sold for "ready money". It realised £17,000 with an additional £765 6s 2d for the resident deer. Following the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, Charles II retook ownership of Hyde Park and enclosed it in a brick wall. He restocked deer in what is now Buck Hill in Kensington Gardens. The May Day parade continued to be a popular event; Samuel Pepys took part in the park's celebrations in 1663 while attempting to gain the King's favour.[15] During the Great Plague of London in 1665, Hyde Park was used as a military camp.
18th century
Hyde Park; both lost their lives.
In 1689, William III moved his residence to Kensington Palace on the far side of Hyde Park and had a drive laid out across its southern edge which was known as the King's Private Road. The drive is still in existence as a wide straight gravelled carriage track leading west from Hyde Park Corner across the southern boundary of Hyde Park towards Kensington Palace and now known as Rotten Row, possibly a corruption of rotteran (to muster), Ratten Row (roundabout way), Route du roi, or rotten (the soft material with which the road is covered). It is believed to be the first road in London to be lit at night, which was done to deter highwaymen. In 1749, Horace Walpole was robbed while travelling through the park from Holland House. The row was used by the wealthy for riding in the early 19th century.
Hyde Park was a popular duelling spot during the 18th century, with 172 taking place, causing 63 deaths. The Hamilton–Mohun Duel took place there in 1712, when Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, fought James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton. Baron Mohun was killed instantly, and the Duke died shortly afterwards. John Wilkes fought Samuel Martin in 1772, the year in which Richard Brinsley Sheridan duelled with Captain Thomas Mathews over the latter's libellous comments about Sheridan's fiancée, Elizabeth Ann Linley. Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow, fought Andrew Stuart in a Hyde Park duel in 1770. Military executions were common in Hyde Park at this time; John Rocque's Map of London, 1746, marks a point inside the park, close to the Tyburn gallows, as "where soldiers are shot."
The first coherent landscaping in Hyde Park began in 1726. It was undertaken by Charles Bridgeman for King George I; after the king's death in 1727, it continued with approval of his daughter-in-law, Queen Caroline. Work was supervised by Charles Withers, the Surveyor-General of Woods and Forests, and divided Hyde Park, creating Kensington Gardens. The Serpentine was formed by damming the River Westbourne, which runs through the park from Kilburn towards the Thames. It is divided from the Long Water by a bridge designed by George Rennie in 1826.
The work was completed in 1733. The 2nd Viscount Weymouth was made Ranger of Hyde Park in 1739 and shortly after began digging the Serpentine lakes at Longleat. A powder magazine was built north of the Serpentine in 1805.
19th–21st centuries
Hyde Park hosted a Great Fair in the summer of 1814 to celebrate the Allied sovereigns' visit to England, and exhibited various stalls and shows. The Battle of Trafalgar was re-enacted on the Serpentine, with a band playing the National Anthem while the French fleet sank into the lake. The coronation of King George IV in 1821 was celebrated with a fair in the park, including an air balloon and firework displays.
One of the most important events to take place in Hyde Park was the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was constructed on the south side of the park. The public did not want the building to remain after the closure of the exhibition, and its architect, Joseph Paxton, raised funds and purchased it. He had it moved to Sydenham Hill in South London. Another significant event was the first Victoria Cross investiture, on 26 June 1857, when 62 men were decorated by Queen Victoria in the presence of Prince Albert and other members of the Royal Family, including their future son-in-law Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia.
The Hyde Park Lido sits on the south bank of the Serpentine. It opened in 1930 to provide improved support for bathing and sunbathing in the park, which had been requested by the naturist group, the Sunlight League. The Lido and accompanying Pavilion was designed by the Commissioner of Works, George Lansbury, and was half funded by a £5,000 (now equivalent to £336,000) donation from Major Colin Cooper (1892–1938). It still sees regular use in the summer.
Hyde Park has been a major venue for several Royal jubilees and celebrations. For the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887, a party was organised on 22 June where around 26,000 school children were given a free meal as a gift. The Queen and the Prince of Wales made an unexpected appearance at the event. Victoria remained fond of Hyde Park in the final years of her life and often drove there twice a day. As part of the Queen's Silver Jubilee in 1977, a Jubilee Exhibition was set up in Hyde Park, with the Queen and Prince Philip visiting on 30 June. In 2012, a major festival took place in the park as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. On 6 February, the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, fired a 41-gun Royal Salute at Hyde Park Corner.
On 20 July 1982, a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb killed four soldiers and seven horses. A memorial was constructed to the left of the Albert Gate to commemorate the soldiers and horses killed in the blast.
Since 2007, Hyde Park has played host to the annual Winter Wonderland event, which features numerous Christmas-themed markets, along with various rides and attractions, alongside bars and restaurants. It has become one of the largest Christmas events in Europe, having attracted over 14 million visitors as of 2016, and has expanded to include the largest ice rink in London, live entertainment and circuses.
On 18 September 2010, Hyde Park was the setting for a prayer vigil with Pope Benedict XVI as part of his visit to the United Kingdom, attended by around 80,000 people. A large crowd assembled along the Mall to see the Pope arrive for his address. An attempt to assassinate the Pope had been foiled after five people dressed as street cleaners were spotted within a mile of Hyde Park, and arrested along with a sixth suspect. They were later released without charge as police said they posed no credible threat.
Grand Entrance
During the late 18th century, plans were made to replace the old toll gate at Hyde Park Corner with a grander entrance, following the gentrification of the area surrounding it. The first design was put forward by Robert Adam in 1778 as a grand archway, followed by John Soane's 1796 proposal to build a new palace adjacent to the corner in Green Park.
Following the construction of Buckingham Palace, the improvement plans were revisited. The grand entrance to the park at Hyde Park Corner was designed by Decimus Burton, and was constructed in the 1820s. Burton laid out the paths and driveways and designed a series of lodges, the Screen/Gate at Hyde Park Corner (also known as the Grand Entrance or the Apsley Gate) in 1825 and the Wellington Arch, which opened in 1828. The Screen and the Arch originally formed a single composition, designed to provide a monumental transition between Hyde Park and Green Park, although the arch was moved in 1883. It originally had a statue of the Duke of Wellington on top; it was moved to Aldershot in 1883 when the arch was re-sited.
Decimus Burton's Wellington Arch, Hyde Park Corner
An early description reports:
"It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with three carriage entrance archways, two-foot entrances, a lodge, etc. The extent of the whole frontage is about 107 ft (33 m). The central entrance has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns; and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations, present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military triumphal procession. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, junior, the son of Mr. Henning who was well known for his models of the Elgin Marbles. The gates were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron, bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves brought out in a most extraordinary manner."
The Wellington Arch was extensively restored by English Heritage between 1999 and 2001. It is now open to the public, who can see a view of the parks from its platforms above the porticoes.
Features
Popular areas within Hyde Park include Speakers' Corner (located in the northeast corner near Marble Arch), close to the former site of the Tyburn gallows, and Rotten Row, which is the northern boundary of the site of the Crystal Palace.
Botany
Flowers were first planted in Hyde Park in 1860 by William Andrews Nesfield. The next year, the Italian Water Garden was constructed at Victoria Gate, including fountains and a summer house. Queen Anne's Alcove was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and was moved to the park from its original location in Kensington Gardens.
During the late 20th century, over 9,000 elm trees in Hyde Park were killed by Dutch elm disease. This included many trees along the great avenues planted by Queen Caroline, which were ultimately replaced by limes and maples. The park now holds 4 acres (1.6 ha) of greenhouses which hold the bedding plants for the Royal Parks. A scheme is available to adopt trees in the park, which helps fund their upkeep and maintenance. A botanical curiosity is the weeping beech, which is known as "the upside-down tree". A rose garden, designed by Colvin & Moggridge Landscape Architects, was added in 1994.
Monuments
There are a number of assorted statues and memorials around Hyde Park. The Cavalry Memorial was built in 1924 at Stanhope Gate. It moved to the Serpentine Road when Park Lane was widened to traffic in 1961. South of the Serpentine is the Diana, Princess of Wales memorial, an oval stone ring fountain opened on 6 July 2004. To the east of the Serpentine, just beyond the dam, is Britain's Holocaust Memorial. The 7 July Memorial in the park commemorates the victims of 7 July 2005 London bombings.
The Standing Stone is a 7 t (7.7-ton) monolith at the centre of the Dell, in the east of Hyde Park. Made of Cornish stone, it was originally part of a drinking fountain, though an urban legend was established, claiming it was brought from Stonehenge by Charles I.
An assortment of unusual sculptures are scattered around the park, including: Still Water, a massive horse head lapping up water; Jelly Baby Family, a family of giant Jelly Babies standing on top of a large black cube; and Vroom Vroom, which resembles a giant human hand pushing a toy car along the ground. The sculptor Jacob Epstein constructed several works in Hyde Park. His memorial to the author William Henry Hudson, featuring his character Rima caused public outrage when it was unveiled in 1925.
There has been a fountain at Grosvenor Gate since 1863, designed by Alexander Munro. There is another fountain opposite Mount Street on the park's eastern edge.
A pet cemetery was established at the north edge of Hyde Park in the late 19th century. The last burial took place in 1976.
Police station
Currently, the Metropolitan Police Service are responsible for policing the park and are based inside what is colloquially known as 'the Old Police House', which is situated within the park. The building was designed by John Dixon Butler, who was the forces's surveyor between 1895 and 1920. For the police, he completed around 200 buildings, including the Former New Scotland Yard, Norman Shaw South Building (assisting Richard Norman Shaw); the adjoining Canon Row Police Station; Bow Road Police Station, Tower Hamlets; Tower Bridge Magistrates Court and adjoining Police Station; and 19–21 Great Marlborough Street, Westminster (court and police station). The architectural historian describes the building as being like, from a distance, "a medium-sized country house of Charles II’s time." Hyde Park was policed by the Metropolitan Police from 1867 until 1993, when policing of the park was handed over to the Royal Parks Constabulary. In 2004 this changed back to the Metropolitan Police, following a review of the Royal Parks Constabulary by Anthony Speed.
Debates
Hyde Park's Speakers' Corner has acquired an international reputation for demonstrations and other protests[62] due to its tolerance of free speech. In 1855, a protest at the park was organised to demonstrate against Robert Grosvenor's attempt to ban Sunday trading, including a restriction on pub opening times. Karl Marx observed approximately 200,000 protesters attended the demonstration, which involved jeering and taunting at upper-class horse carriages. A further protest occurred a week later, but this time the police attacked the crowd.
Metropolitan Police, the only royal park so managed, due to the potential for trouble at Speakers' Corner. A Metropolitan Police station ('AH') is situated in the middle of the park. Covering Hyde Park and sixteen other royal parks (mostly in London), the 1872 Parks Regulation Act formalised the position of "park keeper" and also provided that "Every police constable belonging to the police force of the district in which any park, garden, or possession to which this Act applies is situate shall have the powers, privileges, and immunities of a park-keeper within such park, garden, or possession."
Speakers' Corner became increasingly popular in the late 19th century. Visitors brought along placards, stepladders and soap boxes in order to stand out from others, while heckling of speakers was popular. The rise of the Internet, particularly blogs, has diminished the importance of Speakers' Corner as a political platform, and it is increasingly seen as simply a tourist attraction.
As well as Speakers' Corner, several important mass demonstrations have occurred in Hyde Park. On 26 July 1886, the Reform League staged a march from their headquarters towards the park, campaigning for increased suffrage and representation. Though the police had closed the park, the crowd managed to break down the perimeter railings and get inside, leading to the event being dubbed "The Hyde Park Railings Affair". After the protests turned violent, three squadrons of Horse Guards and numerous Foot Guards were sent out from Marble Arch to combat the situation. On 21 June 1908, as part of "Women's Sunday", a reported 750,000 people marched from the Embankment to Hyde Park protesting for votes for women. The first protest against the planned 2003 invasion of Iraq took place in Hyde Park on 28 September 2002, with 150,000–350,000 in attendance. A further series of demonstrations happened around the world, culminating in the 15 February 2003 anti-war protests, part of a global demonstration against the Iraq War. Over a million protesters are reported to have attended the Hyde Park event alone.
Concerts
The bandstand in Hyde Park was built in Kensington Gardens in 1869 and moved to its present location in 1886. It became a popular place for concerts in the 1890s, featuring up to three every week. Military and brass bands continued to play there into the 20th century.
The music management company Blackhill Enterprises held the first rock concert in Hyde Park on 29 June 1968, attended by 15,000 people. On the bill were Pink Floyd, Roy Harper and Jethro Tull, while John Peel later said it was "the nicest concert I’ve ever been to". Subsequently, Hyde Park has featured some of the most significant concerts in rock. The supergroup Blind Faith (featuring Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood) played their debut gig in Hyde Park on 7 June 1969. The Rolling Stones headlined a concert (later released as The Stones in the Park) on 5 July that year, two days after the death of founding member Brian Jones, and is now remembered as one of the most famous gigs of the 1960s. Pink Floyd returned to Hyde Park on 18 July 1970, playing new material from Atom Heart Mother. All of the early gigs from 1968 to 1971 were free events, contrasting sharply with the later commercial endeavours.
Queen played a free concert organised by Richard Branson in the park on 18 September 1976, partway through recording the album A Day at the Races. The band drew an audience of 150,000 – 200,000, which remains the largest crowd for a Hyde Park concert. The group were not allowed to play an encore, and police threatened to arrest frontman Freddie Mercury if he attempted to do so.
The British Live 8 concert took place in Hyde Park on 2 July 2005, as a concert organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise awareness of increased debts and poverty in the third world. Acts included U2, Coldplay, Elton John, R.E.M., Madonna, The Who, and Paul McCartney, and the most anticipated set was the reformation of the classic 1970s line-up of Pink Floyd (including David Gilmour and Roger Waters) for the first time since 1981. The gig was the Floyd's final live performance.
Acts from each of the four nations in the UK played a gig in the park as part of the opening ceremony for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The headliners were Duran Duran, representing England, alongside the Stereophonics for Wales, Paolo Nutini for Scotland, and Snow Patrol for Northern Ireland. Since 2011, Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park has taken place each September. The British Summer Time series of concerts have taken place every summer in Hyde Park since 2013, and have included performances by Black Sabbath, Neil Young, Celine Dion and Bon Jovi.
Local residents have become critical of Hyde Park as a concert venue, due to the sound levels, and have campaigned for a maximum sound level of 73 decibels. In July 2012, Bruce Springsteen and Paul McCartney found their microphones switched off after Springsteen had played a three-hour set during the Park's Hard Rock Calling festival, and overshot the 10:30 pm curfew time.
Sports
Hyde Park contains several sporting facilities, including several football pitches and a Tennis centre. There are numerous cycle paths, and horse riding is popular.
In 1998 British artist Marion Coutts recreated Hyde Park, along with Battersea and Regent's Park, as a set of asymmetrical ping-pong tables for her interactive installation Fresh Air.
For the 2012 Summer Olympics, the park hosted the triathlon, which brothers Alistair Brownlee and Jonathan Brownlee took the Gold and Bronze medals for Team GB, and the 10 km open water swimming events. The park has also hosted the ITU World Triathlon Grand Final.
Transport
Entrance to the left
There are five London Underground stations located on or near the edges of Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens (which is contiguous with Hyde Park). In clockwise order starting from the south-east, they are:
Hyde Park Corner (Piccadilly line)
Knightsbridge (Piccadilly line)
Queensway (Central line)
Lancaster Gate (Central line)
Marble Arch (Central line)
Bayswater tube station, on the Circle and District lines, is also close to Queensway station and the north-west corner of the park. High Street Kensington tube station, on the Circle and District is very close to Kensington Palace located on the Southwest corner of Kensington Gardens. Paddington station, served by Bakerloo, Circle and District, and Hammersmith & City lines, is close to Lancaster Gate station and a short walk away from Hyde Park.
Several main roads run around the perimeter of Hyde Park. Park Lane is part of the London Inner Ring Road and the London Congestion Charge zone boundary. Transport within the park for people lacking mobility and disabled visitors is provided free of charge by Liberty Drives, located at Triangle Carpark.[85]
Cycle Superhighway 3 (CS3) begins at Lancaster Gate, on the northern perimeter of Hyde Park. It is one of several TfL-coordinated cycle routes to cross the Park. CS3 also crosses Hyde Park Corner on its route towards Westminster and the City of London. The route opened in September 2018 and is signposted and cyclists are segregated from other road traffic on wide cycle tracks.
1949 Chanute Athletics. --Picture taken in front of the Pittsburg, Kansas YMCA in early July of 1949
Front Row: Jim Marks (3B), Article between players is a BIKE jockey strap box, Al Fadell (Patch on eye due to cherry bomb explosion ) (RHP), Ed Morganthaler (RF) and Charles Jones (P). (Notice the saddle oxfords Jones is wearing.and the cuffed blue jeans on everyone else.)
Second Row: Jim Hansen (Manager), Al Stewart (P OF), Bernie Tye (LB-OF-P), Larry Jaros (RHP), Jack Butler (LHP) and Kent Pflasterer (SS).
Third Row: John Fehr’Batboy, Tom Tarascio (2B), Tom Norbut (1B), Charles LaGrace (2B OF), Al Ketchum (RHP) and Vernon "Jake" Thies (RHP).
Back Row: Eugene "Pete" New. The kid behind the pillar is
unknown.
The KOM Flash Report
for
The Week of
August 9 thru August 15, 2015
This report covers the usual format of; recent obituaries, reporting on someone who died a number of years ago and who had never been located, comments about recent reports from a couple of readers and then some stories from long ago forgotten events.
Once again I’m not real sure these reports are of much interest and I’m positive they have no intrinsic value. Each time I look at the mailing list I see names I don’t recognize or do know them but haven’t heard from that person for a few years. So, this coming week I plan to “weed” the patch that is otherwise known as the “Mail File.” I’m pretty sure I can accomplish the task without anyone being deleted who really wants to remain on the file. I’m not undertaking a “gimmick” to get people to send me an e-mail. I really don’t want that to happen. So, if my plan works, you won’t see any change in the future. However, if you receive the e-mails on a regular basis and don’t see one for a period of two weeks you can write a note advising me I “messed up.”
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Death of former Iola Indian pitcher
First item of the new week was sent by Jack Morris: Here is an obituary for Bob Stadvec. www.legacy.com/obituaries/ohio/obituary.aspx?n=Albert-Rob...
Albert Robert Stadvec (Bob) age 91, peacefully passed away on July 31, 2015.
After serving three years in the Navy during World War II, he went on to graduate from the University of Akron, where he met Gloria, his loving wife of 64 years. He had a passion for sports, including football and baseball and went on to pitch for the Cleveland Indians Minor League.
His career at Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company spanned 38.5 years where he held multiple positions and eventually retired as Director of the Secretaries Office.
He was a loyal player in the weekly Poker Club with friends that played together over sixty years. His greatest joy in life was his six grandchildren, Andrew, Janna, Hallie, Mackenzie, Meghan, and Emily.
He was preceded in death by parents, Albert and Rose Stadvec and sister, Elizabeth. He is survived by his wife, Gloria; children, David (Sue), Robert (Lisa), and Sharon Stiff (Greg); brother, Ernest; and many loving family members and friends.
Cremation has taken place and private services at the convenience of the family will take place at the Ohio Western Reserve National Cemetery in Rittman. Should friends' desire, donations may be made to Magic City Kiwanis, Esther Ryan Shoe Fund, Box 561, Barberton, OH 44203. To share a Memory, Send a Condolence, or Light a Candle, visit the Tribute Wall at www.billowfuneralhomes.com (Billow FAIRLAWN Chapel)
Ed comment:
Only once did I ever speak with the deceased and this is some of what I learned during that long ago conversation that I shared with Jack Morris.
Robert Albert Stadvec
Born: 8/8/1923 Sharon Center, OH
Died July 31, 2015 Akron, OH
Married Gloria Ryan 11/25/1950 Akron, OH
Entered U. S. Navy on 1/19/1944 Served aboard the Daniel T. Griffin-- www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/1366.htm
Last address: 3403 Green Drive Akron, OH
Career: Started 1949 season at Iola and saw limited action in relief pitching role. Sent to Batavia, NY by the Indians. He actually wanted to stay with Iola.
Death belatedly reported
Amazingly, I found the following information two days prior to the fourth anniversary of the passing of a former Independence Browns outfielder.
George William Krider
B: 7/14/1933 Fresno, CA
D. August 6, 2011 Sanger, CA
Oh, I didn’t forget the obituary of George Krider—don’t blink, you’ll miss it. Jack Morris also helped on this obituary since I thought I might be overlooking something.
KRIDER -- George "Bill" William Krider, 78, of Sanger died Saturday. He was a distillery operator at Sanger Winery. Memorial: 11 a.m. Friday at Grace Community Church. Arrangements: Wallin's Sanger Funeral Home.
Editor’s research on George Krider
George Krider was sent to Independence, Kansas on June 5 and left June 13, 1952. He also spent time with Pocatello, Idaho in the Pioneer league as well as with Canton/Vincennes of the Mississippi-Ohio Valley league that same year. He was an outfielder. I don’t have the information before me but I think his career started at Pocatello, he showed up in Independence for a week and then went on to Canton/Vincennes.
Krider and another former KOM leaguer, Vernon Leroy Summers, were on the same high school championship baseball team in 1950. The following is a citation to that effect. One of their teammates had seven years in the big league. You can read it all, right here.
•
Sanger High School’s 1950 Valley Championship Baseball Team is now enshrined in the Fresno Athletic Hall of Fame.
Four members of the ‘50 baseball team signed pro contracts: Charles Greer (Dodgers), Bill Krider (Browns), Vern Summers (Pirates) and Gene Green (Cardinals). Green played seven seasons in the major leagues. The 1950 Apaches beat a Visalia High team, 9-8, in Sanger, in front of a hometown crowd of 1,200 for the Valley Championship. Swede Johnson drove in the winning run in the bottom of the ninth. Charles Greer was the winning pitcher. (Ed note: Every member of the 1950 Sanger, CA High School team who signed professional contracts wound up in either the KOM, Sooner State or both. Vern Summers and George Krider played in the KOM. Charles Greer pitched for Boyd Bartley’s Shawnee, OK team in 1953 and Gene Green was with Ardmore in the Sooner State league in 1954 to start the season and wound up with Joplin, MO that year when it was a Cardinal farm club. Gene Green and George Krider were native Californians. Vernon Summers and Charles Greer were transplants. Summers was from Arkansas and Greer from Louisiana.)
Former Fresno Bee sports writer, Bruce Ferris, chronicles the exploits of the Apache’s Valley Championship baseball team in the 50th Anniversary Fresno Athletic Hall of Fame Commemorative Edition Book, with many photos by Elizabeth Laval.
In addition to commemorative medallions awarded to each player and survivor’s representative, the team received praise from California and U.S. legislators in the form of a framed proclamation from the U.S. House of Representatives signed by Congressman Devin Nunes, and a California Assembly Resolution extolling the accomplishments of the team, signed by Assemblymen Michael Villines and Dave Cogdill.
Those documents were later donated to the Sanger Depot Museum where they will be permanently displayed. Copies were made for each team member and survivor’s representative. Four members of the team, Harry Yasumoto, Charlie Greer, Swede Johnson and Vern Summers spoke to Washington Academic Middle School (WAMS) athletes and toured the gym and athletic fields on Friday.
They were welcomed to the former Sanger High School campus with a paper banner stretched across the walkway entrance to the school’s front doors that proclaimed, “Sanger Apaches, 1950 Valley Champions, Congrats on your induction into the Fresno County Athletic Hall of Fame,” and had the last names of each of the 50’s ball players inscribed on the banner.
A Friday lunch at Fermin’s Steakhouse where Harry Yasumoto was praised by teammates for his efforts to bring the team to the attention of the Hall of Fame committee, and a quick visit to the Sanger Depot Museum to present the legislative resolution and proclamation to museum curator Bob Bosserman, wrapped up the hectic two day round of activities that was largely choreographed by Yasumoto and Joan Summers.
Ed note:
The mention of Vernon Leroy Summers brought to mind that I had made contact with the former Bartlesville/Pittsburg, KS Pirate from 1952. He was born Sept. 10, 1933 in White River Township in Independence County, Arkansas. If you tire of looking for that on the map it is near Batesville. Like many people in the Great Depression the Summers family headed to California in search of a better life.
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One person enjoyed a recent Flash Report
I really liked this last KOM Report and not just because you collected all the information about the Arkie-Mo Native American players in one place (thank you very much) but also for the story about Herbert Fleischer. That was an intriguing line of research because he seems to have vanished from baseball that one year that he might (or might not) have played in Japan. Too bad no clear evidence existed of him playing over there. I also liked the Bill Froman story and the list of players he did and didn't remember. I definitely got into this report. Jerry Hogan—Fayetteville, Ark.
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A real “eye-catcher”
Sinton, TX caught my eye. (It’s) About 75 miles from my hometown. There were many semi-pro baseball teams (oil companies sponsored & great fast pitch softball teams there). I played some there & football a game or two. Crappy area. (the writer used the word Harry Truman would have used for crappy). Dave—in Austin, TX
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Arlett or Arlitt?
Note from a friend since grade school.
Buzz Arlett's minor league home run record of 493 was broken by Mike Hessman, www.google.com/search?rls=aso&client=gmail&q=Mike...
an infielder for Triple-A Toledo this past Monday. I had forgotten how big old Buzz was. Merle in Rolla, MO.
Ed comment:
When I read that note I knew exactly what Merle was trying to tell me. But, since Carthage boys can read each other like a book and since we only had a couple between us I attempted to clarify the matter. It didn’t take long to do this since I had shared it earlier last spring in a Flash Report most everyone ignored.
Adolph H. “Buzz” Arlitt Jr.
Born: 4/17/1912 Jerseyville, IL South Fork Twp. on Taylorville Rd. in Christian County. One source lists his place of birth as Kincaid, IL. His father was a coal miner and there was some moving from place to place in that industry. Kincaid and Jerseyville are separated by 60 miles.
Died: 11/10/1992 Roseburg, OR
Enlisted in U S Navy 1/27/1942 served until 10/15/1945
Went to Hutchison, KS Pirates when Ark/MO league disbanded on July 5, 1940.
Arlitt played baseball for nine seasons starting in 1934 with Springfield, MO and concluding in 1946 with Carthage, MO. He was in the St. Louis Cardinal chain to start his career and then was signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was managing Carthage when the Arkansas/Missouri league folded in 1940. He came back to manage the Carthage Cardinals in 1946. He was also the playing manager at Carthage in 1938 and 1939. After the 1946 season the “love of baseball” was gone and he refused a number of offers to continue into 1947. He moved to Oregon when he spent the next 45 years which were all that he had remaining.
Adolph Arlitt www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=arlitt001... often confused with Russell Loris “Buzz” Arlett www.google.com/search?q=Russell+Arlett&oq=Russell+Arl... who had started his professional career in 1918 and had one year with the Philadelphia Phillies in 1931.
Both Russell and Adolph were first generation Americans, sons of fathers who migrated from Germany. They were both about the same height and weight—6’ 3” to 6’ 6” and 220-230 depending on when they got on the scales. Russell Arlett switch hit and threw right while Adolph hit from the left side and threw from the right.
Ed comment:
Reading some old news copy from 1946, this week, there was a note about the Carthage manager in the May 6 edition of the Iola Register. Here is the quote. “Manager Buzz Arlitt of Carthage is not the Buzz Arlett who formerly played with the Chicago Cubs. Both happen to be first basemen—and BIG!” The writer of that article wasn’t up on his baseball history since Arlett hadn’t played for anybody since 1937 and never with the Cubs.
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A pleasant revelation:
A few months ago this column reported on finding an additional member of the 1946 Iola Cubs in some old box scores. The fellow was listed as Russell White who beat the Miami Blues on May 17, 1946 by the score of 5-2. He then pitched against the Carthage Cardinals on May 23, in relief, and gave up four hits and four runs. That stint on the mound appears to have ended of his KOM career. He had been sent to Iola on May 8 from the Visalia club of the California league. But, you won’t find any record of him at Visalia just as you wouldn’t have known he ever played at Iola had you not subscribed to and then read these Flash Reports. If someone reading this has access to very early May, 1946 Visalia newspapers check their box scores and see if the big right-handed pitcher made an appearance for that club. The Baseball Guides will give you NO help in this matter.
What is stated in the foregoing paragraph is all I knew about the guy which probably puts me at the top of the list of people who knew anything about him aside from his family members and friends. In recent days I discovered his middle initial is/was “O” and that he was born around 1926 in Long Branch, Washington. He served in the U. S. Navy aboard the U. S. Franklin MacVeigh and shipped out for Saipan on December 20, 1944. On March 3, 1945 her arrived back home when the MacVeigh docked in Seattle, Washington. I’m not sure of Navy lingo but his military papers indicate that while on the MacVeigh his duty station was “Saloon Mess.”
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Well it’s gone
In a number of Flash Reports I’ve mentioned the impending doom of the old stadium in Independence, Kansas that saw some great moments such as the first night game in professional baseball and later five years of KOM action. It is too sad to say much about it so if you want to see the “slaying” of another piece of history, go here: www.newson6.com/story/29648514/historic-grandstand-torn-d...
Mark Metcalf did his best to save that stadium as the URL above states. Getting on with his life he sent me a clipping from 1949 regarding Independence catcher, Jack Whitaker, running into the grandstand behind home plate and losing some front teeth in the process. He wanted to know if I ever heard that story. As a matter of fact I had. A number of the members of that club recall he was missing the two front teeth, after taking a bite out of the concrete wall, so to be presentable, probably for the young ladies, he filled in the gap with some type of material and then covered that with Ipana toothpaste. Why Ipana? I don’t know but the fellows telling me that story a half-century after the fact recall it was that brand of denture cleaner.
For those of you who never heard of Jack Whitaker he later wound up in Hollywood. Was he an actor you ask? Nay, he wound up in Hollywood, Florida. Last time I heard from him he was still there. If you look him up using the name “Jack” you’ll look a long time. He was born Andrew John Whitaker on September 8, 1928 on Route 2 outside Petersburg, Tennessee.
After what the leaders of Independence have done with the old sports stadium I sent a note to Mark Metcalf telling him that they might just as well have allowed Whitaker to keep taking big “bites” out of the grandstand, back in 1949, thus cutting out the demolition costs a few decades later.
Due to the anticipated clamor from those readers without URL capability I’m sending the article. For those of you with your computer up and running use the URL for the video that is shared with the article:
•
INDEPENDENCE, Kansas - Demolition began Tuesday morning on the historic grandstand at Shulthis Stadium. The move saddened a group of people who had been fighting to save the grandstand for years.
The grandstand sits on the corner of what is now the athletic field for Unified School District 446. The district voted earlier this month to move forward with a plan to demolish the grandstand and replace it with a building it says will look just like it.
A group of people started a Facebook page called Save Our Stadium to voice their opposition to the plan. Member Mark Metcalf got a judge to issue a temporary restraining order last week to halt the demolition, but on Friday, July 24, 2015, a judge refused to grant an injunction, allowing the demolition to begin.7/25/2015: Related Story: Judge Won't Stop Demolition Of Historic Grandstand In Independence, Kansas
The grandstand was built in 1918 in Riverside Park by A.W. Shulthis. It hosted the world's first night game of organized baseball, played on April 28, 1930. Over the decades some of the biggest names in baseball played there, both at night and during the day. Those names included Satchel Paige and Mickey Mantle, whose first job as a professional player was with the Independence Yankees.
The stadium was eventually donated to the city, which took down the lights and the rest of the stadium over the years.
The school district says an engineering study from more than a decade ago proved the grandstand should be torn down. But opponents say the same study proved the grandstand was sound and could have been saved and turned into a tourist attraction.
Metcalf had been trying to get the grandstand added to the National Register of Historic Places and wanted the demolition halted until the next step in that process. That next step would have been a meeting with the Kansas State Historic Preservation Officer which was scheduled for August 8, 2015.
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All in a day’s work for someone who is old
When the eyes aren’t blurred sometimes I pull up old newspaper files and return to “Those Thrilling Days of Yesteryear,” which are commonly known as the days of my youth.
In late 1949 the Miami Owls were a team in turmoil. A number of the players “bolted” the club in August such as: Casey Wonka, Richard Butler and James Anderson. Miami was only supported by the Topeka Owls so they had to find players to finish the season. There were some good semi-pro players in the area and Miami sought out and signed the likes of Roy Buffalo, Elmer Peacock, Bob White, Bob Montgomery and Marvin Albert “Lefty” Brown, all of whom were pitchers. Buffalo, Peacock and White were all 31-years of age at the time, Montgomery was 30 and Brown was 29. At the close of that season Miami had the highest average age of pitchers in league history. Most of the others were in their teens or early 20’s.
With that bit of background I’m sharing some news articles for that time frame. Look for some names to see if you recognize any. I’ll highlight a few of them.
Emil Frank Casey Wonka—He most likely would have won the 1949 batting title had he stayed with the club. He was a WW II veteran, member of the 1944 Leavenworth, KS Flyers who won the National Baseball Congress title and was a stunt double in an early 1940 Mickey Rooney movie. He was also in Ripley’s “Believe It or Not” for participating in a baseball game on the west coast the day Pearl Harbor was bombed. Long story, look it up. He was playing for a team against a Japanese club and the authorities surrounded the field until the game ended and the Japanese team was detained. It was referred to as the first win for America over Japan of WW II. However, that would be incorrect since Roosevelt didn’t declare war until the next day. But, Ripley didn’t let that get in the way of a good story.
Marvin Albert “Lefty” “Dick” Brown- Worked the mines by day and pitched at night. Had great minor league numbers and then the war started.
Harry Bright—Bob Speake—Both mentioned in the August 21 article and made the big leagues. Look for who was on a hitting terror at the time.
Bob Saban—Played for Carthage that year and is a member of the Saban football family that exists to the current time with the legacy being carried on by cousin Nick at Alabama.
Alan Burger- During the Korean War he was a member of the Presidential Honor Guard.
Bill Hornsby—Son of Rogers Hornsby.
Conklyn Meriwether- The last newspaper article in this sequence mentions he played for the 1941 Joplin Miners. A dozen years later he ate supper with his mother-in-law and to show his appreciation he went to his car, obtained a hatchet and went back inside and killed her. One of his former teammates, and later KOMer ,gave me the account of that incident out of the newspaper in the Louisiana town where that occured. You can Google that story if you are up to “gore.”
Bill Davis—A member of the 1941 Joplin Miners was the manager of the 1947 Miami Owls who won the KOM pennant and playoff that year.
August 21 edition of the Miami News-Record
Casey Wonka, Star Miami Outfielder, Given Suspension Casey Wonka, 26, regular centerfielder of the Miami .Owls, has been suspended for the remainder' of the season, it was announced Saturday by the board of directors of Miami Baseball, Inc. The suspension came after Wonka allegedly, "jumped" the club and returned to his home in Leavenworth, Kas. The Owl outfielder left early Thursday morning without notifying either Manager Omar Lane or any of the board members and has failed to get in contact with any of the officials since his departure, club officials said. No reason for Wonka's leaving the club was advanced by the board or Lane. As a result of the' outfielder's action, a $100 fine was placed on Wonka for the jumping and another fine of $100, placed earlier in the season for an "infraction of training rules" but then rescinded, was again slapped on. According to Roy Green, business manager of the Owls, Wonka will be barred from organized ball until the suspension is lifted by Miami. This will not be done, according to the board, until the fines totaling $200 are paid and a satisfactory explanation if or the jumping is given. The departure of Wonka—one of the club's three veterans—made room for the addition of Marvin (Lefty) Brown to the Birds' roster as a pitcher. Brown, who won his first start Friday night with a five- hit, 11-4 victory over -Carthage, was in the New York Yankee chain for several, years before he quit organized ball and is ranked, as a veteran. Brown won 19 games for the Joplin Miners of the Western association in 1941. (Ed note: He was actually 18-4.) Wonka, who earlier in the season left the club for several days but then returned, was the Owls' leading hitter and the KOM league's second-highest slugger with a .322 average. The centerfielder had blasted out nine homers and driven in a total of 76 runs, second highest in the circuit. With Wonka's suspension, Manager Lane has been forced to shift his lineup, moving Jimmy Reaugh over from left to center and using Earl Hays in right when not on the mound, with Adam Thompson and Ike Robbins alternating in left.
Miami Fans Encouraged as Brown Stars on. Mound; Making his first appearance in an Owl uniform, Marvin "Lefty" Brown stood the Carthage Cubs «n their ears Friday night (August 19, 1949) as he pitched the Miami Owls to a 11-4 victory over the Cubs at Fairgrounds park. The fracas was the final meeting of the season for the two clubs and gave the Owls a record of 14 wins against only five setbacks over the year. Brown, a former hurler in the Yankee chain but in semi-pro ball for the last several years, allowed the Bruins just five hits and had a shut-out going into the eighth, when he weakened. The southpaw, who had worked a full day's shift in the mines before his Friday night pitching chore, had the Cubs eating out of his hands until the final two innings when the Carthage club plated four runs, with a pair coming on home runs by first baseman Bob Speake. Of the Cubs' four runs, only two were earned. Brown, using a blazing fast ball and a sneaking curve, whiffed 10 Carthage batters. Until the late rally, not a Cub had been able to hit into the outfield. And while the new Owl chucker was shackling the Cubs, the rest of the Flock was blasting out 12 hits off starter Bob Saban and reliever Phil Costa, who moved in from right field. Included among the Birds’ collection of base-knocks were five hard doubles—two by shortstop Duane Melvin and one each by Manager Omar Lane, third baseman Harry Bright and second baseman Joe Verbanic. Lane's pair of hits plated three Owl runs, while Verbanic blasted in four tallies. After a scoreless first inning, the Owls jumped into a three run lead in the second. With 'the bases loaded on three walks and two men .down, Lane lined a screamer into left, plating Adam Thompson and Brown and moving Jimmy Reaugh to third. Bright's double off the left center field fence tallied Reaugh, but Hays lofted to left for the final out. Another run was countered in the third on Verbanic's line drive into left, scoring catcher Earl Skaggs from second, while in the fifth a smart piece of base- running by Melvin made it 5-0. On second, the Owl shortstop started, for third on Reaugh's grounder to short and scored while the Bruins were trying unsuccessfully to execute a double play. In the sixth Miami scored two more runs when Melvin slammed his first two-bagger into right, plating Earl Hays and moving Skaggs to third. Skaggs crossed the plate on Verbanic's long fly to center. Reaugh scored for the second time in the game in the "stretch inning" as Lane lined a double off the Scoreboard after Jimmy had singled. The Cubs had their only big frame in the eighth. Speake slammed the initial pitch down the right -field line and over the fence. Brown momentarily weakened and gave up two straight walks to Hank Paskiewicz and Bill Homsby pinch hitting for catcher Dean Manns, Hal Brown forced Hornsby at second, moving Paskiewicz to third. Schmitt smacked a sizzling grounder past second that got through Melvin and rolled into center, allowing Paskiewicz to tally. Costa popped to Skaggs, but (Alan) Burger lined into short right, driving across Brown. Miami gained back the trio of runs in the bottom of the eighth with a single by Ike Robbins and straight doubles by Melvin and Verbanic, with Robbins and Verbanic scoring. Reaugh singled across Verbanic with the Owls' final run. Carthage racked up run No. 4 in the top of the ninth on Speake's second circuit blast. In the last three games the Cub first baseman has really had a field day with Bird pitching, slamming out three homers, a triple, one double and two singles.
A newspaper article summing up the recent mine deaths in Northeast Oklahoma
William Robert O'Byrne, a drill helper from Picher, Albert Marvin Brown, machine operator of Hallowell, Kas., and James Franklin Davis, a lead operator from Chetopa, Kas. all were killed by falling slabs of rock. Brown was killed April 23, 1953 at Picher, Oklahoma when a roof in a mine shaft owned by the Piokee Mining Company fell on him as he was dismantling it. There are reports in the Joplin Globe describing the details of some of those deaths which I will not recite. However, to say they were gruesome would be putting it mildly.
This is the final resting place for Marvin Brown: www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=225937...
He was born August 14, 1920 in Oklahoma City, Okla.
A bit of trivia:
Well, I suppose most of these reports are trivial. However, Albert Marvin “Lefty” Brown is the only pitcher, to my knowledge, who faced Stan Musial and Mickey Mantle at the minor league level. Brown pitched against Musial in the Western Association in 1941 and Mickey Mantle eight years later in the KOM league. Brown faced Mantle many times in games played around Miami and Commerce in Oklahoma and Columbus and Baxter Springs in Kansas. Following the 1949 regular season the “boys” of the area were playing well into the fall. One game pitted Marvin Brown, pitching for Columbus, Kansas against Sid West who took the mound for the Baxter Springs Whiz Kids. West’s real name was Stanley and had played on many of the teams managed by Barney Barnett. West played from 1936-54 at the professional level and rose as high as Baltimore which at the time was a Triple A league. West also pitched for Carthage, MO, in 1939, a couple of months before I saw my first dawn’s early light.
Joplin Globe May 3, 1953.
It was unfortunate that the death in a mine accident in the Oklahoma field of Marvin Brown, southpaw pitcher of the 1941 (Joplin) Miners, had to bring back memories of that great team under Doc Bennett, but now that it has, here are the players--or most of them: Besides Brown were Bill Davis, Freddie Whalen, Jesse Hamm, Conklin (sp) Meriwether, Ted Greble, Russ Messerly and sometimes Al Lyons, pulled in from the outfield, the pitchers: Freddie Schenk at first, Wendell Finders at second, Frank Mabrey at short and Eddie Bockman at third; in the outfield, Rusty Burns, Lyons and George Leyrer, with Carl Hower and Harry Heslet catching. Interesting thing about that team was that Mabrey, Bockman, Burns. Lyons and Leyrer played every inning of the 136 games played. . . . There were only 134 games on the schedule, but Joplin was involved in two tied games that season which had to be played out. Of that group of players of 12 years ago, Davis is now in business in Tulsa, Greble is working in Kansas City, Lyons still is playing, in the Pacific Coast League, Schenk has a position in Joplin, Brockman is in the Coast League, Burns is in the Texas League, as is Heslet, and Hower is working in Joplin.
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If this report didn’t bore you then you are a candidate to watch ALL the sports talk shows on ESPN.
I passed through Udny on my way to Portsoy, I parked my car for twenty minutes or so to capture a few shots of this beautiful part of Scotland, bright sunshine and a warm breeze present I enjoyed my short visit.
I plan to revisit Udny sometime soon, hence a folder all to itself to archive my photos .
Udny Green is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, immediately southwest of Pitmedden.It is part of the parish of Udny along with another small settlement, Udny Station.
Udny Parish Church is located beside the village green with the old kirkyard and Udny Mort House on the opposite side.
On 22 September 1943, the Royal Engineers were called out to Udny Castle to investigate reports of an unexploded bomb. It turned out to be a "flash bomb" used by the Luftwaffe at night to illuminate the area for navigation or photographic uses.
A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (1851), Samuel Lewis
UDNY, a parish, in the district of Ellon, county of Aberdeen, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Old Meldrum; containing 1450 inhabitants. This place derived its name from the ancient family of Udny, who have held possession of the barony more than 5OO years, and whose descendant. Colonel Udny, is the present proprietor. The barony, and several portions of land in the parishes of Ellon, Tarves, Logie-Buchan, and Foveran, were erected into the present parish of Udny, by authority of an act of parliament passed for that purpose, in 1597. The parish is nearly circular in form, and comprises about 12,000 acres. Of this area, 8500 acres are arable, 400 woodland and plantations, and the remainder, of which a large portion might be reclaimed, moorland pasture and waste. The surface is gently undulated, and diversified with hills of moderate elevation: the prevailing scenery is of pleasing character. Three small streams, one of which bounds Udny on the north, and another on the south, flow in a direction from west to east, and after leaving the parish, fall into the river Ythan, about six miles distant.
The SOIL is principally a rich loam resting on a bed of granite, alternated with portions of inferior quality on a substratum of clay: the chief crops are oats, bear, barley, potatoes, and turnips, with the usual grasses; and vegetables and fruit of every kind are also raised in perfection. Husbandry has been greatly improved, and a due rotation of crops is in general observed. The lands have been drained, but from the insufficient depth of the drains, the full benefit of the process has not been yet produced. Much waste land has been brought into cultivation; and from the liberal encouragement given by the proprietors to their tenants, improvements are still being made.
The farm houses and offices are substantial and commodiously arranged. On the farms exceeding fifty acres in extent threshing mills have been erected; the inclosures are kept in good order, and all the more recent improvements in the construction of agricultural implements have been adopted. Great care is bestowed on the management of the dairy, and large quantities of butter and cheese of excellent quality are sent to the Aberdeen market. The cattle are in general the Aberdeenshire, which thrive well; but on some of the larger farms, cattle have been imported from Durham with a view of improving the breed. Few sheep are reared in the parish.
The plantations, nearly 300 acres of which are firs of various kinds, interspersed with other trees, are generally in a thriving state; and around the mansions of the principal proprietors are many fine specimens of wellgrown timber. Towards the end of the last century, the Mains of Udny was tastefully laid out in inclosures of about sixteen acres each, separated from each other by double rows of beech and elm: the inner rows were cut down about twenty years afterwards; but the outer rows, which have attained a maturity of growth, still add greatly to the beauty of the landscape. The principal substrata are granite and limestone, with alternations of grey slate; the limestone has been wrought at different times, but never to any very considerable extent, the works being discontinued from the irruption of water into the quarries.
The annual value of real property in the parish is £7431. Udny Castle, the ancient baronia residence of the Udny family, appears to have been erected about the close of the fifteenth century. It is a building of four stories, and the walls are of great thickness. The two lower stories, of which the upper contains a spacious hall comprising the whole length and breadth of the building, have groined ceilings of elegant design; and the floors are neatly paved with hexagonal slabs of granite.
The proprietor began to modernise the castle in 18Ol; but the design was not completed, and the mansion is at present uninhabited. Pittrichie, the property of Alexander Milne, Esq., is a handsome house of granite, built by the late proprietor in 1819; and another seat in the parish is Tillygreig, the property of Arthur Harvey, Esq., a small mansion lately enlarged.
At Pitmedden, the property of Sir W. C. Seton, Bart., are the ruins of two ancient mansions, and also an extensive garden, planted about the middle of the seventeenth century with the choicest fruit-trees of every kind, and tastefully laid out at a great expense. The garden is still in a flourishing condition, and the apples are said to be superior to any in the north of Scotland.
There is no village. Various handicraft trades are carried on in different parts, and the several shops for the sale of groceries and other articles for the supply of the inhabitants are distributed throughout the parish. A post-office, which has a daily delivery, has been established under that of Aberdeen; and there are several good inns. Fairs, chiefly for black-cattle, are held annually at the Green of Udny on the Tuesdays after the 25th of March and May, and the Tuesday after the 21st of November.
Facility of communication is maintained by turnpike-roads from Aberdeen and Newburgh, which intersect each other nearly in the centre of the parish; and by the turnpike-road from Aberdeen to Meldrum, which passes through the western portion.
There are parish roads kept in repair by statute labour; and good bridges over the streams. Ecclesiastically this place is within the limits of the presbytery of Ellon and synod of Aberdeen.
The minister's stipend is £217. 7. 2. with a manse, and a glebe valued at £10 per annum patron. Colonel Udny. The church, erected in 1521, is a substantial structure with a low spire, and contains 750 sittings. Udny parochial school is attended by about thirty children; the master has a salary of £32 with a house and garden, and the school-fees average £20
[From Samuel Lewis A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (1851) - copyright M
"I'll Get By" (QW-Z / red)
B-17G-55-BO Flying Fortress
s/n 42-102700
412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group, 8th Air Force.
Shot down on August 2,1944 tactical bombing mission to the Caen, France area, all but three crewmembers were killed. Plane was hit in the wing by flak, knocking off the wing tip. The plane veered to left and caught fire, then exploded. They were flying as deputy lead crew for this mission.
MACR 7701
Crew on last mission:
Capt. Elmer E. Bockman - Command Pilot (O-2044718) Fort Sumner, New Mexico
....................KIA - buried in Normandy American Cemetery / Plot B, Row 22, Grave 3
Capt. Robert O. Baber - Pilot (O-375909) Dodge City, Kansas
....................KIA - buried in Gypsum Hill Cemetery in Salina, Kansas
1st Lt. Jasper W. Kaylor, Jr. - Co-Pilot (O-817042) Atlanta, Georgia
....................KIA
1st Lt. Raymond D. Dallas - Navigator (O-696069) Paducah, Kentucky
....................KIA - buried in Normandy American Cemetery / Plot I, Row 25, Grave 4
1st Lt. Frank T. Sohn - Bombardier (O-754983) Kingston, New York
....................KIA
T/Sgt. Oscar C. Walrod - Engineer/Top Turret Gunner (19004514) Axtell, Kansas
....................KIA - buried in Correctionville Cemetery, Iowa
T/Sgt. Robert V. Hill - Radio Operator (35644893) Franklin Furnace, Ohio
....................KIA - buried in Normandy American Cemetery / Plot B, Row 23, Grave 3
S/Sgt. Donald W. Phillips - Ball Turret Gunner (15377309) Alliance, Ohio
....................POW
S/Sgt. Barney Lipkin - Waist Gunner (32695273) Brooklyn, New York
....................POW
S/Sgt. Walter J. Collyer,Jr. - Tail Gunner (32804322) Brooklyn, New York
....................POW - Stalag Luft 4, Gross Tychow
William Beavis Randell.
David McLaren took out three Special Surveys of the Torrens Valley area for the SA Company in 1839/40. One centred on the River Torrens which flows through what became Gumeracha. The SA Company had a manager’s residence built at Gumeracha named Ludlow House for the sheep and cattle herd manager of their lands there. William Beavis Randell, arrived in South Australia in October 1837 as a SA Company manager and he was sent to work at Ludlow House. William Beavis Randell was born in Devon in England in 1799 and married Mary Ann Bear in 1823 in the village of Kenton near Exeter Devon. He came from a family of flour millers and that was his father’s occupation in Devon. William Beavis Randell’s first born child William Richard Randell arrived in 1824. At the age of 38 William Beavis Randell brought his wife and family of seven children to South Australia including William Richard Randell who was then 13 years old. When William Beavis’ contract with the SA Company expired in 1845 he bought land for himself in Kenton Valley adjacent to Gumeracha. Here he built a grand house, which he called Kenton Park and a flour mill which opened for business in 1847.
Flour milling was such an important industry in early South Australia and William Beavis Randell Senior built his first flour mill at Gumeracha in 1847 which he called Kenton Mills. He had leased and run a flour mill in Kenton Devon before he moved to South Australia. On his land he first built a two storey stone barn in 1841 followed by Kenton Park House in 1844. When he built his first flourmill in 1847 he also built a row of workers cottages for his employees. These 1847 cottages are locally heritage listed and they received an Adelaide Hills Council grant of $20,000 in 2023 for their restoration. Like Kenton Park house they back onto the River Torrens. Directly opposite the flour mill he built Mill Cottage as a residence for his son William Richard Randell and another son John Beavis Randell. Today Mill cottage is a well maintained private stone residence.
The Randall family with seven children moved into the Gothic style Kenton Park house in 1844. Randall had 966 acres of prime land along the River Torrens with some bought from the SA Company Special Survey and some from the government. From 1848 he bought wheat from the early settlers at Blumberg (Birdwood) for processing in his flourmill. One of his sons, Samuel Randell managed a flour mill at Blumberg. William Beavis Randell and the Randell family also bought the flour mill at Mt Pleasant built in 1863 and another at Eden Valley which was managed by William Richard Randell another son of William Randell senior. Then William Beavis Randell also acquired the land for a flour mill in Blumberg from George Fife Angas. He built the Blumberg (Birdwood) mill in 1854 and in 1857 it was destroyed by a fire. It was rebuilt and partially fire damaged again in 1867 when it was rebuilt again. It was owned by William Beavis Randell until his death in late December 1876. Thereafter it was sold to the Pflaum brothers in 1877. They built a grand three storey structure in 1888 and that building is now the National Motor Museum in Birdwood. Much of the flour produced in the Gumeracha flour mill from 1853 onwards was carted by bullock teams to Mannum to be loaded onto a Randell ship for transport up the Murray and Darling rivers and to the gold mining centre of Bendigo and the Murray-Darling River sheep stations! The Randell flour mill was converted to a butter factory in 1883 by William Richard Randell and later it became a butcher’s shop, and an AMSCOL milk depot. More recently a bed and breakfast establishment operated in it before it reverted to a private residence.
William Beavis Randell was a good Baptist and friend of David McLaren the former SA Company manager who was also a Baptist. McLaren had lived in Ludlow House himself for some time. Early Baptist services for the Gumeracha area were held in William Beavis Randell’s barn (built 1841) until the Salem Baptist Church, the oldest Baptist congregation in SA, was built. This congregation was keen to build a church and one opened in 1846 with the first service taken by Reverend Thomas Playford of Mitcham. Randell donated some of his land for this Baptist church which he attended. William Beavis Randell and his wife and numerous family members are buried in the attached cemetery. Until 1899 baptisms were conducted in a spring in the circle of oaks opposite the church but an earthquake at the time dried up the permanent spring which was located there and used for the baptisms.
Randell died at Kenton Park in 1876 and the milling business was then taken over by his son William Richard Randell. William Beavis Randell was an interesting character. But there is a surprise in William Beavis Randell’s story because in the last year of his 77 years of life on 17th August 1876 he married his housekeeper who was only 38 years old. He died on 28th December 1876. His first wife Mary Ann had died in December 1874 and was buried in the Salem cemetery with a simple marble headstone. After William Beavis Randell died a grand marble memorial was built for his grave with Mary Ann Elliot Randell’s name also listed on that headstone although she was buried nearby. His second wife was Phoebe Robbins and by the time Randell died, just four months after the marriage, Phoebe was pregnant with a child who was named John Beavis Randell. William Beavis Randell was buried in the Salem Baptist cemetery in January 1877. After his death Phoebe inherited 100 acres of land but she did not inherit Kenton Park. Phoebe Randell died in 1922. Her son John Beavis Randell bought Kenton Park in 1928 and moved back into the house and he represented Gumeracha in state parliament in the 1920s. He died in 1953. William Beavis Randell had nine children with Mary Ann and John Randell with Phoebe. Kenton Park remained in the Randell family until the year 2000 when it was sold to others.
Gumeracha.
In 1853 William Beavis Randell had the private town of Gumeracha laid out on part of his property. He named streets after his friend David McLaren and the reigning English monarch and her prince consort – Victoria and Albert. The town progressed well and a Methodist Church opened in Gumeracha in 1860 followed by the Institute in 1864 which was demolished for the new Town Hall which was built in 1909. The District Hotel was erected in 1861 and up the hill from it a Court House was built which was the first Court House in the Torrens districts. A second Court House and police station was built in 1865 and it is now the oldest police station still in use in SA. The Police Station was built in Georgian style. Although post services began in 1848 the current Post Office was built around 1890 to 1900. It is a fine stone building.
The SA Company residence Ludlow House in Gumeracha was retained by the SA Company until 1908 when it was sold to Mr W Hannaford. But for many years before 1908 it was leased out to others as the SA Company had moved its headquarters for stock management from the Gumeracha district. In the early years the SA Company had over 9,000 acres of land in the Gumeracha district. The Company moved stock production out of the Gumeracha-Birdwood districts in the 1850s when they decided to make money by leasing land to farmers. Rents and land sales became the Company’s major source of income after this early development stage of South Australia. Much of its land in the Gumeracha area was sold in the 1910s and 1920s to long term lessees. The Company ceased operations in 1949.
Mannum.
Adelaide’s West Terrace Cemetery
The present location of the cemetery appeared in Colonel William Light’s map of Adelaide.
Curator’s residence and office erected 1907 is the third building on the site. The office door faces the roadway inside the entrance.
Inside the entrance gateway is a tile-roofed shelter, with seats, for visitors.
Following renovations the Authority’s goal [is] to establish the Curator’s Cottage at West Terrace Cemetery as a venue for small to medium public functions. The building will also be available for post-funeral service gatherings for families and loved ones.
*West Terrace Cemetery Extension
The Town Clerk of Adelaide (Mr T G Ellery) reported to the last meeting of the finance committee that a Bill had been prepared to ratify the grant of land by the government to the City Council at West terrace.
The original cemetery site consisted of 61acres, but only 43 has been utilized. The remaining area of 18 acres for over 40 years has been devoted by the municipal authorities to depasturing. It was this portion that the Government sought to secure for burying purposes.
Although the corporation protested against this course, it was ascertained that length of possession did not secure to them the title or to prevent resumption for the objects for which the land had been reserved.
The difficulty has now been overcome by an exchange. The council has decided to give a strip of the park lands west of the cemetery and between the old boundary and the railway line in return for that section facing West terrace.
The value of the transfer from the point of view of the citizens is that the extension of the burial ground will now be confined to a locality at a greater distance from private residences. The Government, however, gets the better of the bargain by approximately two acres. [Ref: Register (Adelaide) 2 August 1904]
*Extending the West Terrace Cemetery
In the course of a few weeks a block of land embracing seven acres will be added to the burial ground available in the West Terrace Cemetery. The new area will be an extension of the cemetery in a south westerly direction, and a staff of men have been employed for some time making roads and pathways and planting trees and shrubs.
A quantity of stone taken from the Jubilee Exhibition Grounds west of the pavilions has been utilised for road construction, and three tracks have been formed, one of which encircles an oval of considerable dimensions, which will be subdivided by pathways. A large number of cedar, plane, and elm trees and shrubs have been put in, and in a few weeks the block will be ready for use, if necessary. This addition to the city burial ground will meet all requirements for many years, and there is no likelihood now of a new necropolis being established for several decades.
The new residence which has been provided for the curator is a decided improvement on the old structure, and quite an ornament to the approach to the cemetery. [Ref: The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide) 16-9-1907]
*A Glimpse of History by Special Reporter
The new fence and officer’s quarters and the beautiful garden at the entrance to the West Terrace Cemetery have improved beyond measure the approach to the graveyard.
Since the present curator (Mr H G Mildred) took charge the remedy has occurred.
The new curator's cottage and offices have also given more accommodation and have generally afforded a cheerier aspect than was formerly presented. [Inside the entrance are] two main drives, neatly rounded and tarred for a considerable distance.
I asked the curator how many were buried in the cemetery. "Nearly 60,000, he replied. If you scan the notices in The Register you will see that there are several funerals every day: and as the population grows so of course must the burials here increase in frequency: so that the thousands soon mount up."
We stepped inside the office, and Mr Mildred produced an old book. The first page was inscribed, "John Monck, first sexton, March 17, 1838." In the cemetery’s first period the books were destroyed by fire. So the first known recorded funeral in the earliest existing book was on July 2, 1840, when James Laffan, aged 30, residence, parklands, was interred.
The first lease of ground in the cemetery was applied for in September 1839, in the name of the Hon Robert Gouger (first Colonial Secretary): and in so leisurely a manner did matters move in those days that it was not granted until December 2.
Other lessees, who closely followed are Messrs Edward Frome, Giles Abbott. G Strickland Kingston, Joseph Fisher, and James Chittleborough.
The latest considerable addition to the cemetery has been the crematorium—a concession to modern notions of sanitary reform in connection with the disposal of the dead.
It was founded by a few enthusiastic citizens, and at the beginning was little used. In the past year or two however, cremations have been fairly frequent; and a row of half a dozen or so of small square marble tombs indicates where the urns containing the ashes of a number of clients of the institution have been deposited in cases where the friends preferred such interment within the grounds rather than to carry the remains of their friends away in private urns. [Ref: Journal (Adelaide) Thursday 15 January 1914]
The memorial is the entrance to the South Bound platform on the pillars. You have to go onto the platform, no charge.
Stoke on Trent Railway Station War Memorial
South Bound Platform
All information is provided in good faith but, on occasions errors may occur. Should this be the case, if new information can be verified please supply it to the author and corrections will then be made.
This memorial has been compiled with additional information by kind permission of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Also from Ancestry.co.uk
ROYAL NAVY
Able Seaman Mersey Z/634 William Bertram McINNERNY, H.M.S. Indefatigable, Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve died at sea 31st May 1916 when the ship was sunk on 31 May 1916 during the Battle of Jutland by German battlecruiser Von der Tan. Only two of the crew of 1,019 survived He was born on the 2nd September 1897 to Francis and Esther who at the time of his death were living at 16, Campbell Road, Stoke on Trent. In 1901 they were living at 50, Selwyn Street, Stoke on Trent. He is commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial, Devon. (Memorial has B.W.)
Able Seaman R/5175 William Rupert PEAKE Nelson Battalion, Royal Naval Division killed in action on the 14th December 1917 aged 21. He was the son of Thomas and Mary Ellen of 361 Newcastle Street, Burslem. Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. In 1911 he was living with his parents and siblings at 15, Shirley Street, Burslem. he was employed as a Potters attendant and dish maker. He is commemorated on the Thiepval memorial, Somme, France
Able Seaman R/5071 Samuel WILSON, Anson Battalion Royal Naval Division killed in action on the 27th September 1918. He was born on the 18th September 1897 to Mrs A W Wilson of 7, Gregory Street, Longton, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. In 1911 he was living with his widowed mother, Alice and sister, Sarah h at No 3 Court, 1 Gregory Street, Longton. At the age of 13 he was employed as a railway labourer. He is at rest in Sucrerie British Cemetery, Graincourt-Les-Havrincourt, France
ROYAL HORSE ARTILLERY
Bombardier W L ORGAN No W L or W ORGAN serving with the stated regiment listed with the CWGC
ROYAL FIELD ARTILLERY
Sergeant 805233 Arthur BICKERTON D Battery 231st Brigade Royal Field Artillery killed in action 9th August 1917 aged 21. He was the son of Samuel and Hannah of 61, Honeywall, Penkhukll, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. In 1911 he was an apprentice joiner and his father worked for the railways as a wheelwright. He is at rest in Fosse No10 Communal Cemetery Extension, Sains-En-Gohelle, France
Gunner 185495 John DARLINGTON 38th Divisional Ammunition Column, Royal Field Artillery died 21st May 1918 aged 19. He was the son of Mrs Sarah Jane Darlington nee Peake of 16, Wilks Street, Tunstall, Staffordshire. His father was called Frederick William In 1911 his wife and children were living at 10, Goodfellow Street, Tunstall , his father was visiting his brother at 46 King's Street, Tunstall. He is at rest in Etaples Military Cemetery, France
Gunner 129122 Thomas NIXON D Battery 46th Brigade Royal Field Artillery killed in action 20th May 1917 aged 22. He was the son of Charles and Annie Louisa of Cheadle Road, Forsbrook, Staffordshire. formerly on in 1911, Draycott Lane, Forsbrook. He was employed as a railway porter. He is commemorated on the Arras Memorial, France
Gunner 221867 Walter WICKS 51st Battery, 39th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery died 29th September 1918 aged 21. He was the son of John and Mary Ann of Station House, 6, Albert Road, Fenton Manor Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. he was working at the age of 14 as a commission agent clerk. at a pottery manufacturer. He is at rest in Brie British Cemetery, France
Driver Joseph GITTENS (No J GITTENS serving with the stated unit listed with the CWGC) Driver Died in 1919 of war wounds. He was the son of Emily and Alfred of 15, Newcastle Street, Penkhull, Stoke on Trent. In 1911 he was employed as an invoice for the North Staffordshire Railway goods wagon department in Stoke on Trent
Driver Cyril Scarlett JACKSON. Sapper 491962 46th Divisional Signal Company, Royal Engineers, formerly Driver 2590 and 805036 Royal Field Artillery . He died 8th November 1918. He was the son of Bertie and Ada Hartshill, Stoke on Trent
ROYAL GARRISON ARTILLERY
Gunner 127128 Walter Farmer ASTILL 66th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery died 30th November 1917. He was born in 1885 at Burton on Trent to Charles and Annie who in 1901 were living at 19, Havlock Street, Stoke on Trent. In 1911 he was visiting the Crown Hotel , Cats Hill, Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, and he was employed as a locomotive fireman. He is at rest in White House Cemetery, St jean-Les-Ypres, Belgium
Gunner 64242 William BADDELEY 319 Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery died of wounds 25th April 1918. He was born at Bucknall, Stoke on Trent, and he is at rest in the Bandaghem Military Cemetery, Haringhe, Belgium
Gunner 143438 Thomas BERRY 151st Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery killed in action 28th March 1918. He was born in Stoke on Trent and he may have been the son of Richard and Fanny who in 1911 lived at 6, Pleasant Row, Stoke on Trent. he was a potters mould presser. He is at rest in Faubourg D'Amiens Cemetery, Arras, France
Gunner 313153 Harry Lyngatt MAGUIRE 1/2nd (London) Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery died of wounds 4th September 1918 aged 27. he was the son of John Thomas and Annie Elizabeth (in 1911) of 51 Vine Street, Stoke on Trent. He was working in the Goods Warehouse of the North Staffs Railway Co. He was born at Leek, Staffordshire and he is at rest in Mont Huon Military Cemetery, Le Treport, France
ROYAL ENGINEERS
Company Sergeant Major 492456 James Thomas BAKER, Signal Training Centre, Royal Engineers died 15th February 1919 aged 30. He was the son of Robert James and Evelyn Baker, of 57, Beresford Street, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. He is at rest in Hanley Cermetery, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire
Lance Corporal WR/ 270642 James EARDLEY 263rd Railway Company ,Royal Engineers died 3rd November 1918. He was born in Burslem, Staffordshire and is at rest in St. Sever Cemetery Extension, Rouen, France
Sapper 488142 Henry Thomas ASHCROFT 13th Reinforcement Coy, Royal Engineers died 6th July 1917. He was born in 1889 to Thomas and Alice. In 1911 his parents were living at 19, Wilson Street, Stoke on Trent and he was a steam train driver. Henry in 1911 was married to Linda nee Bratton who he married in 1909 in Stoke on Trent Registry Office he was employed as a joiner for the North Staffs Railway Company. He is at rest in St. Germain-Au-Mont-D'or Communal Cemetery, Rhone, France
Sapper 486100 Henry BIRD 132nd Army Troops Coy, Royal Engineers killed in action 21st March 1918 aged 23. He was the son of William Roderick Bird and Ann Elizabeth Bird, of 25, Guildford Street, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. Native of Hanley, Staffordshire. He is at rest in Bucquoy Road Cemetery, Ficheux, France
Sapper 267704 Sidney Robert BLOOD 17th Divisional Signal Company, Royal Engineers died 30th October 1918 at Mesopotamia aged 22. He was born in Cheadle Staffordshire and was the son of Robert and Gertrude of Tean, Staffordshire. He is at rest in North Gate War cemetery, Baghdad, Iraq.
Sapper 303 Sydney BRERETON 1st North Midlands Field Company, Royal Engineers died of wounds 21st April 1916 aged 22. he was the son of Mary Ann Jones of 30, Stoke Road, Shelton, Stoke on Trent. and late John Brereton. He is at rest in Ecoivres Military Cemetery, Mont-St. Eloi, France
Sapper 259271 Douglas CHATFIELD 26th Brigade. (A.F.A.) Australian Field Artillery Signal Sub. Section, Royal Engineers , formery 195739, Royal Army Service Corps. Killed in action 6th September1918 aged 21. He was born in Talke, Staffordshire and was the son of John Thomas and Hannah Elizabeth, of Station House, Kidsgrove, Stoke-on-Trent. Native of Talke, Stoke-on-Trent. In 1911 the family were living at 243 Congleton Road, Talke. His father was a railway signalman. He is at rest in Sun Quarry Cemetery, Cherisy, France
Sapper140859 John GEORGE 126th Field Company, Royal Engineers killed in action 22nd March 1918. He was the son of John and Sarah of Market Drayton, Shropshire. In 1911 he was now married to Alice and they were living with their children at 73, Cheshire Street, Market Drayton. he was a railway labourer.
Some notes from what remains of his army record. He joined up on the 13th November 1915 Gave his occupation as a permanent way layer (train track) and he was living at 73, Cheshire Street. he married Alice Williams on the 27th September 1900 at Market Drayton. He was given permission to join His Majesty's Forces from The Engineer of North Staffordshire Railway, Stoke Station to him at the relaying gang, Uttoxeter Station. On the 20th November 1916 he embarked for France and on the 22nd March 1918 he was killed in action in the field. His parents John and Sarah were living at 77, Cheshire Street. He is commemorated on the Pozieres Memorial, Somme, France
Sapper 488460 John GOODWIN 455th Field Company, Royal Engineers killed in action 12th April 1918 aged 27. He was born at Fenton Staffordshire and was the son of George an Annie . He is commemorated on the Ploegstreet Memorial, Hainaut Belgium.
Sapper 95912 Bertram MARTIN 179th Tunnelling Company, Royal Engineers killed in action 26th August 1916. He was born at Uttoxeter, Staffordshire in 1891 and was the son of Thomas and Lizzie of Bradley Street, Uttoxeter. In 1911 his parents and siblings were now at 42, Derby Road, Uttoxeter. Bertram is was not at home but was visiting a friend at Hixon, Staffordshire. He was employed at a locomotive foreman. (The 1911 census have Marian) He is at rest in Albert Communal Cemetery Extension, Somme, France
Sapper WR/210632 William Herbert MILLARD Royal Engineers died13th February 1919 aged 26. He was the son of William and Louisa Millard, of 80, Trentham Road, Penkhull, Stoke-on-Trent. In 1911 he was living with his parents and siblings at Garden Village, Trentham Road, Penkhull and he was employed as a railway clerk. He is at rest in Hartshill Cemetery, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire
Sapper 492490 George SILLITOE 31st Air Line Section, Royal Engineers (From Grumphy, GWF "these people were responsible for the wires along which signals, telephones etc were transmitted IN THE AIR, ie not below ground"). He died on the 14th October 1918 aged 23. He was the son of William and Sarah Ann of Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. he is at rest in Terlincthun British Cemetery, Wimille, France
Sapper 439 Harold WHITCUT 2/1st North Midlands Field Company, Royal Engineers killed in action 1st July 1916 aged 18. He was the son of James and Eleanor Jane of 63, Church Street, Fenton, Staffordshire. he was at the age of 13 employed as a railway clerk. He is at rest in Foncquevillers Military Cemetery, France
Sapper WR/176278 Charles WOOD Railway Operating Division, Royal Engineers, formerly 2463 Liverpool Regiment died 4th October 1918 aged 30. He was the son of Harry and Agnes of Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. He is at rest in Bagneux British Cemetery, Gezaincourt, Somme, France
Pioneer WR/210654 Reginald BIRKS Royal Engineers died 14th February 1919 aged 20. He was the son of Mr and Mrs Peter Birks, Gate House, Oakamoor, near Alton, Staffordshire
Driver 36432 Charles B HULSE Training Service Sanitary Centre (Bedford) Royal Engineers died 22nd March 1919 aged 20. He was the son of Charles and Mary Louisa of Penkhull Street, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire. he is at rest in Newcastle-under-Lyme Cemetery, Staffordshire
Driver 202551 Samuel JOYNSON 56th Divisional Signal Company, Royal Engineers died 8th August 1918. He is at rest in Aubigny Communal Cemetery Extension, France
GRENADIER GURADS
Lance Corporal 12656 Thomas Philip CRITCHLOW 3rd Grenadier Guards died 8th October 1915 aged 29. He was the son of Martha Critchlow. He is commemorated on the Loos memorial, France
Private 11516 Charles Edward ARMS 1st Grenadier Guards died 29th October 1914 aged 35. He was the son of Elizabeth and the late Fredrick Arms and was the husband of Lily Maud Arms, of 107, Chestergate, Macclesfield, Cheshire. he is commemorated on the Menin Gate Memorial, Ypres
Private 22923 Thomas BUXTON, 1st Grenadier Guards died 11th October 1917 aged 34. He was the brother of Eliza Buxton of Stramshall, near Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. He is at rest in Dozinghem Military Cemetery, Belgium
Private 18959 Arthur HARVEY 3rd Grenadier Guards died 27th May 1915 aged 21. He was the son of Samuel and Lavinia of North Lodge, Crakemarsh, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. He is at rest in Uttoxeter Cemetery.
Private 23417 Benjamin Richard MINCHIN 3rd Grenadier Guards died 15th September 1916 aged 22. he was the son of Henry and Ellen of 135, Belvedere Road, Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire. He is at rest in Guards' Cemetery, Lesboeufs, France
Private 20169 Fred TALBOT 4th Grenadier Guards died 27th September 1915 aged 30. He was the son of John and Hannah of Hanley, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. He is commemorated on the Loos memorial, France
COLDSTREAM GUARDS
Private 4882 Charles Henry YATES 3rd Coldstream Guards died 27th April 1915 aged 33. He was the son of Robert and Annie Yates, of Stoke-on-Trent; husband of Rose Yates, of Englis St., Stoke-on-Trent. he is at rest in Guards Cemetery, Windy Corner, Cuinchy, France
WELCH GUARDS
Corporal 534 Tom BENTLEY 1st Welsh Guards died 2nd May 1916 aged 25. He was the son of Edward and Elizabeth Bentley, of 71, Stony Lane, Cauldon, near. Ashbourne, Derbyshire. He is at rest in Lijssenthoek Military cemetery, Belgium
ROYAL SCOTS
Private F RILEY The only F Riley serving with the Royal Scots listed with the CWGC is the following) Private 4180 Frederick William 3rd Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment) died 13th August 1915. Born in Mowsherra West Indies and is at rest Comley Bank Cemetery, Edinburgh, Scotland. ( Auth. I believe this is not the correct person) There is a possibility It could be a James, Private 17663 Royal Scots Fusiliers died 26th September 1915 aged 25. He was the son of James and Elizabeth of 89 Caroline Street, Longton. The last possibility this soldier died outside the stop date for inclusion into the data of the CWGC which is 31st August 1921.
THE BUFFS (EAST KENT REGIMENT)
Private 13956 Arthur Vincent SWETNAM 7th The Buffs, East Kent Regimentkilled in action 30th September 1917 aged 21. He was the son of Abraham and Annie of 27, Haywood Street, Shelton, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. he joined up aged 19yrs and 3 months and was employed as a railway vanman prior to enlistment. He is at rest in Nine Elms British Cemetery, Belgium
NORTHUMBERLAND FUSILIERS
Sergeant (CWGC have L/Sgt) 13938 Charles William YORKE 12th Northumberland Fusiliers formerly Army Cyclist Corps killed in action 22nd June 1916 aged 37. he was the husband of Betsy nee Dale of 4, Betley Place, Crewe Road, Alsager, Stoke on Trent. In 1911 although married he was living alone at Railway Cottages, Station House, Biddulph. I note some one had crossed out Marriage and children which was 4 yrs and two children both living. He was married on the 12th June 1907 at Odd Rode, Cheshire. He was a railway signalman. He is at rest in Dartmoor Cemetery, Bocordel-Becourt, Somme, France
Private 36358 Ernest Harold DEGGE 8th Northumberland Fusiliers, formerly 32986, North Staffordshire Regiment killed in action 16th August 1917 aged 24. He was the son of Thomas and Martha of 19, Balance Hill, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. In 1911 he was employed as an engine cleaner with the North Staffordshire Railway Company. He is commemorated on the Tyne Cot Memorial, Belgium
Private 66536 Aubrey Lemuel MOORE 1/4th Northumberland Regiment died 27th May 1918. Native of Blythe Bridge near Cheadle, Staffordshire. He was the son of Charles and Elizabeth Ann of 3, Stallington Crossing, Stallington Lane, Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire. His father was a railway signalman. He is commemorated on the Soissons Memorial, France
ROYAL WARWICKSHIRE REGIMENT
Company Sergeant Major (Memorial has Sergeant) 9243 Edwin MACHIN (Military Medal)15th Royal Warwickshire Regiment killed in action 26th October 1917 aged 26. He was the son of Edwin and Mary of 13, Station Street, Longton, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. he is commemorated on the Tyne Cot memorial, Belgium
Private 9144 Alfred Ernest SMITH, B Company 11th Royal Warwickshire Regiment died 16th July 1916 aged 23. He was the son of Thomas and Emily of 43, Lily Street, Wolstanton, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. He is at rest in Albert Communal Cemetery Extension, France
ROYAL FUSILIERS
Sergeant 2500 Percy ATTWOOD (D.C.M.) killed in action 7th July 1916. He was born in North Rode, Cheshire in 1893 to Charles and Louisa who in 1911 were living with their children at 10 and 12 Cliff Vale Place, Hanley, Stoke on Trent. He was employed age 18 as a railway lampman. He is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France
Lance Corporal G/2552 John Thomas BIRKS died of wounds 16th October 1916. Born at Stoke on Trent and is Commemorated on the Heilly Station Cemetery, Mericourt-L'Abbe, Somme, France
Lance Corporal 127 Frank CARRYER 9th Royal Fusiliers killed in action 18th September 1918 aged 22. He was the son of
Rupert and Mary Carryer, of 111, Newlands Street, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. He is at rest in Epehy Wood Farm Cemetery, Epehy, Somme, France
Lance Corporal 1780 Albert FOX 12th Royal Fusiliers died of wounds 20th June 1917 aged 25. He was the son of Eli and Mary Jane, nee Knapper who in 1901 were living with their children at 30, Watergate Street, Tunstall. In 1911 he was living with his brother at the home of his married sister, Mary Pritchard at 4, Selwyn Street, Stoke on Trent Staffordshire. He was working as a shop assistant. He is at rest in Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, Belgium
Private 21436 Rupert BIRCH, 9th Royal Fusiliers died of wounds 10th July 1916 aged 22. He was the son of Joseph and Ellen of Foxt, near Froghall, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. 1911 he was employed as a general labourer. He is at rest in Puchevillers British Cemetery, France
Private 69082 Thomas CARNEL 2nd Royal Fusiliers, formerly 117, Army Veterinary Corps died 6th September 1918 aged 27. He was the husband of Cicely of 12, Nicholls Street, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. He is at rest in St Omer Souvenir Cemetery, Longuenesse France
Private G/11439 George Henry CLOWES 4th Royal Fusiliers killed in action 27th March 1916. Born in Stoke on Trent in 1895 to Richard James and Caroline. In 1911 the family were living at 35, Lytton Street, Stoke on Trent. He was working as a railway servant. He is commemorated on the Menin Gat Memorial, Ypres, Belgium
Private 66604 William Moseley COPE 26th Royal Fusiliers, formerly 37527 South Staffordshire Regiment killed in action 20th September 1917 aged 26. He was the son of William and Jane of 41, New Street, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. In 1911 he was employed as a railway porter. He is commemorated on the Tyne Cot Memorial, Belgium
Private 8826 Colin DUNN 3rd Royal Fusiliers killed in action 29th September 1915. He was born in Leigh on the 23rd April 1893, christened on the 21st May 1893 and was the son of Thomas John and Sarah Ann nee Brown In 1911 he was working as a railway porter and was living with his mother and siblings at 1, Frith Street, Leek, Staffordshire. His father for the same year was working in Glamorgan as a railway signalman. He is commemorated on the Loos Memorial, France
Private 9109 John ELLIS 3rd Royal Fusiliers died 10th May 1915. He was born in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire He may have been the son of William and Eliza nee Rushton who in 1911 were living as a family at 3, Kimberley Road, Newcastle, Staffordshire. He was at the age of 14 a fruiterers errand boy. He is commemorated on the Menin gate Memorial, Ypres, Belgium
Private 3586 Frederick GILFORD 9th Royal Fusiliers killed in action 1st May 1917. He was born in Nantwich, Cheshire and enlisted in Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. He may have been the son of Henry and Mary Ann who in 1911 were living at 7, William Street, Shelton, Stoke on Trent. He was working as a labourer his father was working as a carter for the railway. He is commemorated on the Arras memorial, France
Private G/14502 Albert Henry HEATH 2nd Royal Fusiliers killed in action 3rd July 1916. He was born at Newcastle, Staffordshire He may have been the son of George and Annie Jane of Newcastle Staffordshire. He is at rest in Ovillers Military cemetery, Somme, France
Private 74648 Percy NUTT 7th Royal Fusiliers, formerly 70879 106th Training Battalion killed in action 23rd March 1918 Born at Alsager, Cheshire in 1899 to Joseph and Elizabeth who in 1911 were all living at Audley Road, Alsager, Cheshire. and at the time of his death at 4, Frederick Avenue, Penkhull, Stoke on Trent. His father was a steam train driver in 1911. He is commemorated on the Arras Memorial, France
KING'S LIVERPOOL REGIMENT
Lance Corporal 2464 Tom DUROSE 5th King's Liverpool Regiment died 21st May 1915 aged 19. He was the nephew of Miss M Durose of Ivy Cottage, Heath Road, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. and the son of Tom and Fanny. In 1911 he was living with his parents at the Daventry Union Workhouse London Road Davantry and was working at a telegraph messenger. His mother was the workhouse matron, and not inmates. Some notes from what remains of his army record. He joined up on the 31st August 1914 and was living at 39, Cheadle Road, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire with his aunt, Midge!!
His father was now living at 15th Church Street, Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey. He was in France from the 21st February 1915. On the 15th April 1915 he was admitted to No4 Field Ambulance with Impetigo and discharged fit for duty the same day. 16th May 1915 he was shot in the head at Richebourge, L'Avoue and admitted to No4 Field ambulance, transferred same day to No1 Casualty Clearing Station at Chocques and then transferred to No 19 Rawal Pindi Hospital, Wimereux wher he died of his wounds on the 21st May 1915. He is at rest in Wimereux Communal Cemetery, France
Private 235166 Herbert POINTON 13th King's Liverpool Regiment, formerly 203425 North Staffordshire Regiment killed in action 31st august 1918 aged 24. He was the son of John and Betsy of 65, Boon Hill, Bignall End, Staffordshire. In 1911 he was employed as a coachman (domestic servant) He is at rest in Noreuil Australian cemetery, France
LINCOLNSHIRE REGIMENT
Lance Corporal 16990 Ernest PRIME 2nd Lincolnshire Regiment, formerly 16075, North Staffordshire Regiment died of wounds 26th September 1915. He was born at Calton Staffordshire in 1886 to John and Fanny. His parents in 1911 were living at Cauldon Grange, Oakamoor, Staffordshire. Ernest was now married and was living with his wife Annie and their two children at Chilcote, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire. He was working on a farm as a cowman. He is at rest in Bailleul Communal Cemetery Extension, Nord France.
Private 51922 Frederick George NEWMAN 10th Lincolnshire Regiment died of wounds 1st May 1918 aged 19. He was the son of James and Annie of 22, Darnley Street, Shelton, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. An army record was found for the time he joined up to the North Staffordshire Regiment on the 17th December 1915 aged 18 years and 4 months as private 18291. His date of birth was given as 10th April 1897 and occupation as a silk finisher. He was discharged from the army as being under military age under Para 392 (vi (a) K.R. 1912. No record has survived for his time with the Lincolnshire Regiment. He is at rest in Boulogne Eastern Cemetery, France
Private 43954 Hodson Thomas (T H) WALKER 8th Lincolnshire Regiment killed in action 9th September 1918. He was born at Clay Mills Staffordshire in 1895 to Thomas Hodson and Harriet nee Johnson who in 1901 were all living at 55, Cooper Street, Sandwell, West Bromwich. In 1911 he was staying at the home of Thomas Greenway and his sister Helen Greenway at 11, Jameson Street, Wolverhampton, he was a butcher. He is commemorated on the Vis-En-Artois Memorial, France
DEVONSHIRE REGIMENT
Private 3917 Percy YOXALL 1/6th Devonshire Regiment died at Mesopotamia on the 26th September 1916 aged 25. He was the son of William Thomas and Eliza Emma Yoxall, of 74, Seaford Street, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. In 1911 he was an audit railway clerk. He is at rest in Amara war cemetery, Iraq.
WEST YORKSHIRE REGIMENT
Private 53037 Wilfred Joseph PRESBURY 2nd West Yorkshire Regiment died 27th March 1918. He was born at Longton, Staffordshire . Some notes from what remains of his army record. He was born on the 14th January 1899 to Robert Arthur and Margaret of 68, Spring Road, Longton, Staffordshire. He joined up on the 25th April 1917 aged 18 and was employed as a capstan youth (goods men) employed by North Staffordshire Railway, Longton, Staffordshire. he embarked Folkestone and disembarked at Boulogne the same day, 19th January 1918 and joined his regiment at Etaples on the 20th January. He was reported missing on the 27th March 1918. His conduct sheet was well used. He spent quite a lot of time C.B. Confined to Barracks for various offences. Dirty equipment, missing church and gas parades, and over staying his leave pass . He is commemorated on the Pozieres Memorial, Somme, France
Private 60492 James SALT 15th West Yorkshire Regiment died of wounds 22nd April 1918 aged 19. he was the son of Elijah and Eleanor Salt, of 43, Weaver Villa, Oakamoor, Staffs. Native of Cauldon, Lowe, Staffordshire. Some notes from what remains of his army record. He enlisted on the 23rd April 1917 aged 17 years and 364 days. he gave his date of birth as 24th March 1899 and live at the above address. He was posted as Private 39135, North Staffordshire Regiment, then posted to the 5th Training Reserve as private 18033 and finally as private 60492 West York Regt. Whilst in training he was admitted to the Military Hospital, Cannock Chase, Rugeley, Staffordshire on the 4th August 1917 with Diphtheria which was treated with anti-diphtheria serum. He improved rapidly and was discharged to one month's sick from the 1st October 1917. On the 22nd April 1918 he was wounded in action and died the same day. He is at rest in Ebblinghem Military Cemetery, France
LEICESTERSHIRE REGIMENT
Private 11207 Percy SUTTON 8th Leicestershire Regiment died 1st October 1917 aged 24. He was the son of Arthur and Emily Sutton, of 62, Nelson Street, Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent. Some notes from remains of his army record. He enlisted on the 27th August 1914 at Lichfield aged 21 into the Royal Engineers then transferred into 6th Service Leicestershire Regiment By occupation he was a railway platelayer, and lived at 4, Pitt Street, Fenton. He embarked on the 29th February 1916 and transferred to 120th Railway Company as Sapper Platelayer 152984, skilled. The 28th August 1916 he was awarded 1st Good Conduct Badge. The 11th September 1917 he was transferred to the 9th Leicestershire Regiment and retained Royal Engineers rate of pay. The 27th March 1918 he was transferred to the 8th Battalion. He is commemorated on the Tyne Cot memorial, Belgium
Private 41624 Charles WILLATT D. Company 7th Leicestershire Regiment killed in action 27th May 1918 aged 18. He was the son of John Parr and Eliza of 10, Nettle Bank, Smallthorne, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire. Some notes from what remains of his army record He joined up aged 19 years and 4 months on the 4th November 1915 and posted to the Royal Army Medical Corps Depot at Aldershot as Private 78520. He lived at Wilfred Place, Queens Road, Stoke on Trent and was employed as a railway clerk. He embarked Soton on the 24th June 1916 and disembarked at Havre the next day 25th. On the 9th August 1916 disembarked France for England and posted to the 20th London regiment. The 1st September 1916 he was transferred to Class W (T) T.F Army Reserve. On the 30th June 1917 he was recalled to the colours and transferred to the 2/4th Reserve Battalion Northamptonshire Regiment on the 6th July 1917. There is a date 9th November 1917 and stamped is O.C. 20th Batt London Regiment.
On the 11th January 1918 he was transferred from the 2/4th and posted to the 4th Northamptonshire Regiment and posted to Clipstone Camp . He embarked Dover on the 31st March 1918 and disembarked at Calais the same day. Sent to "L" Infantry Base Depot and posted to the 6th Northamptonshire Regiment. He was transferred to D Company 7th Leicestershire Regiment in the field on the 1st April 1918. He was killed in action 27th May 1918. His parents were now living at 10, Nettle Bank. I apologise if the above is a little disjointed I tried to make a good report out of water damaged records. The bottom line is he was in the RAMC, 20th London Regiment as Private 5765. Northamptonshire and Leicestershire regiments. He is commemorated on the Soissons memorial, France
LANCASHIRE FUSILIERS
Private 13 Frank GRETTON 2nd Lancashire Fusiliers He was in France on the 22nd August and died 26th August 1914 aged 18. He was born in Hanley, Staffordshire in 1887 and was the son of James and Ann . In 1901 his father was a widower and they were living at the home of Amy Sales, widow at 3, Talbot Street, Stoke on Trent. He is at rest in La Ferte-Sous-Jouarre Memorial, Sein-et-Marne, France
REMEMBER
THOSE WHO
WHO DIED
FOR KING AND COUNTRY
1914- 1919
G/70053 Private John Henry Ireland, 7th, Battalion, The Queens (Royal West Surrey) Regiment.
Born on 21st. April 1900 at Ketteringham, Norfolk, the youngest son of William, a labourer, and Sarah Alice Ireland, a shopkeeper, of Wreningham.
Brother of Robert, below, William John, Martha, Emma, Mable, Florence, plus three others.
John received wounds at Albert on the Somme on 2nd. August 1918 and died of those wounds, aged 19, on Tuesday 26th. November 1918 at Newport, Wales. He is buried in Grave: G70 in the churchyard of All Saints church, Wreningham.
24140 Private Robert Ireland, 7th. Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. Born on 10th. April 1889 at Burton Le Coggles, Lincolnshire.
Brother of John, above.
The 1911 census records Robert living with his parents at a farmhouse in Wreningham, and working as a farm labourer.
Robert was killed in action during the attack to capture Bayonet and Scabbard trenches on Thursday 12th. October 1916. He has no known grave and is commemorated on Pier and Face 1C and D of the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, Picardie, France.
22350 Private William George Land, 8th. Battalion, Norfolk Regiment.
Born in 1896 at Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, the son of William and Ruth Land. Baptised on 25th. October 1899.
The 1911 census records William as living in Wreningham and working as a farm labourer.
William was killed in action during an attack south-west of Montauban on Saturday 1st. July 1916. He has no known grave and is commemorated on Pier and Face 1C and D of the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, Picardie, France.
201502 Lance Corporal Frank Browne Lane, 2nd/4th. Battalion, Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry.
Born in 1887 at Wreningham, the son of Samuel, an agricultural labourer, and Hannah Lane. Baptised on 6th. March 1887 at Wreningham,
Brother of Samuel, David, James, Hannah, Mary, and Lillie.
The 1911 census records Frank employed as a Midland Railways porter, living as a boarder at 16 Tapton Terrace, Chesterfield, Derbyshire.
The marriage of Frank to Gertie M Bidewell was recorded in the Chelsea district of London in the 1st. quarter of 916. As a widow Gertie lived at Oakview, Brundall, Norfolk.
Frank's battalion landed at Le Havre on 15th. January 1917.
Samuel died, aged 31, on Monday 25th. March 1918. His death was recorded in the Ellesmere district of Shropshire in the January to March 1918. It is likely that Frank had been medically evacuated from France back to the UK and died in a hospital in the Ellesmere area. He is buried to the north of the west end of All Saints church, Wreningham.
9571 Private James Aldred Marsham, 1st. Battalion, Norfolk Regiment.
Born 1897 in Elsing, Norfolk, the son of James and Eliza Maud Marsham, Rectory Cottage, Wreningham.
The 1911 census records James working as a farm labourer and living Honingham, Norfolk.
James was killed in action, aged 19, during the attack of Morval on Monday 25th. September 1916. He has no known grave and is commemorated on Pier and Face 1C and 1D of the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, Picardie, France.
CH/20048 Private Thomas Preston, Royal Marine Light Infantry, HMS Chester.
Born on 13th June 1898, the son of Charles and Sarah Preston, of Wreningham, and baptised on 25th. November 1899 at Wreningham.
On 31s.t May 1916, the light cruiser HMS Chester was on station, screening ahead of the fleet, in the misty North Sea. Distant gunfire was heard by her lookouts, and her captain knowing that they were due to meet with Admiral Beatty’s Battle Group, ordered the ship to full speed to investigate. As Chester steamed out of the mist at 29 knots, just ahead were four German cruisers. Chester began heeling immediately to port so that her broadside armament could be brought to bear on the Germans..
Opening fire, Chester fought gallantly but was no match for the combined firepower of the enemy cruisers, and subsequently took severe punishment. In all, she was hit 17 times by major calibre shells. The ship was reduced to a shambles, only one gun being operational, and men were laid dying and horribly mutilated by shrapnel. Chester was incapable of further action and was ordered to Immingham. As she steamed into the Humber, tugs were waiting to take the wounded to Grimsby General Hospital.
One of those was Jack Cornell, a 16 year old seaman who had stood by his gun during the battle when all his gun crew had been killed. Although mortally wounded he stayed at his post, his actions leading to the award of a Victoria Cross.
Thomas died, aged 18, on Wednesday 31st. May 1916. He has no known grave and is commemorated on Panel 18 of the Chatham Naval Memorial, Chatham, Kent and on the HMS Chester Roll of Honour in Chester Cathedral.
40016 Corporal Raymond Edwin Bothway, Royal Tank Corps. Born 1896 in Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, the son of William Edwin and Elizabeth Annie Bothway, of Canal House, Ashwellthorpe.
Husband of Betty Bothway.
Raymond was one of the first tank crews serving in 'C' Company and he later served with 3rd. (Light) Battalion, Royal Tank Corps.
Raymond died, aged 31, on Monday 11th. July 1927 after long and grievous suffering from wounds sustained during World War One. He is buried in All Saints churchyard, Wreningham.
His name was added to the war memorial but his wife Betty had to fight to get it approved.
Leonard Lawn, Royal Medical Corps.
Born on 1st. November 1883, the son of George and Elizabeth Rebecca Lawn of Wreningham. Baptised on 24th. August 1884 at Wreningham.
The 1911 census records Leonard as employed as a farm labourer.
During the war Leonard was gassed and spent 3 years as a prisoner of war.
Leonard died of his wounds, aged 45 on Wednesday 13th. November 1928. He was buried in Grave: B37 in All Saints churchyard, Wreningham on 17th. November 1928.
19555 Lance Corporal Robert George Rayner, 9th. Battalion, Norfolk Regiment.
Born 1893 in Letheringsett, Norfolk, the son of John and Eliza Rayner of Potash Lane, Hethel, Norfolk.
Brother of Sidney, below.
The 1911 census records Robert working as a farm labourer in Hethel.
During 1916 Robert was admitted to hospital in France twice, suffering with influenza and the affects of gas.
He was promoted to lance-corporal in February 1918.
Robert died, aged 26, on Thursday 8th. August 1918. He is buried in Grave: XV. C. 3. at Nine Elms British Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium with the personal inscription,
'MAY HE REST IN THE LORD'
18843 Private Sidney William Rayner, 1st. Battalion, Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria’s Regiment).
Born 1898 in Great Ryburgh, Norfolk, the son of John and Eliza Rayner, then of Long Drove, Shipdham, Norfolk.
Brother of Robert, above.
The 1911 census records Sidney living in Potash Lane, Hethel
Sidney was killed in action, aged 17, in the attack on Rainy Trench and Dewdrop Trench on Thursday 12th. October 1916. He has no known grave and is commemorated on Pier and Face 15A of the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, Picardie, France.
23313 Lance Sergeant James Horace Smith, 2nd. Battalion, Norfolk Regiment.
Born on 2nd. June 1893, the son of Stephen and Lydia Smith of Wreningham, and baptised on 2nd. July 1893 at Wreningham.
The 1911 census records James as a farm labourer.
James died, aged 23, on Thursday 27th. July 1916 in Mesopotamia. He is buried in Grave: VI. G. 10. at Basra War Cemetery, Basra, Iraq.
*Not named on the memorial*
50569 Private Albert James Twiddy, 4th. Battalion, The King's (Liverpool Regiment), formally S/4/157278 Army Service Corp.
Born in 1887 at Norwich, Norfolk, the son of Malakie, a Midland & Great Northern Railway gatekeeper, and Bessie Twiddy of Catfield.
Brother of Willie, Earnest and Levi.
Husband of Florence Eliza Twiddy, nee Preston of Wreningham, married in 1917
The 1901 census records the 13 year old Albert already working as an agricultural labourer living at his widower father property, 'Gate House', Catfield
The 1911 census records Albert as a journeyman baker living in the household of his employer, Benjamin Sims at Lower Street, Horning, Norfolk.
Enlisted at Norwich, Norfolk.
Albert died of wounds, aged 30, on Friday 20th. September 1918. He is buried in Grave: B. 22. at Five Points Cemetery, Lechelle, Pas de Calais, France.
Albert is remembered on the Catfield, Norfolk and Horning, Norfolk war memorials.
242312 Private Alfred Gooch, 1st./5th. Battalion, Norfolk Regiment, formally 1550 Private, Norfolk Regiment.
The son of Robert Gooch and Sarah Ann Porter, nee Banham. Wreningham
Baptised at Hethel, Norfolk on 3rd. February 1889.
Elder bother of Frederick. below.
Enlisted at Wreningham.
In July 1915 the 1st./5th. Norfolk's sailed from Liverpool to Gallipoli and were evacuated to Alexandria in December 1915.
Alfred was killed on Thursday 19th. April 1917, aged 28, fighting with two Norfolk battalions and a Hampshire battalion against Turkish forces in 2nd. Battle of Gaza. On the 19th the three battalions lost around 1,500 men, including 2 commanding officers and all 12 company commanders.
Alfred has no known grave and is commemorated on Panels 11 to 15 of the Jerusalem Memorial. He is also commemorated in All Saints church, Hethel, Norfolk.
790547 Private Frederick William Gooch, 47th. (British Columbia) Battalion, Light Infantry, Canadian Expeditionary Force. Later in the war the 47th. was designated the 47th (Western Ontario) Battalion.
Born on 16th. April 1883 at Hethel, Norfolk, the son of Robert Gooch and Sarah Ann Porter, nee Banham. of Potash Lane, Hethel.
Younger brother of Alfred, above.
Frederick worked as a butcher,
On 3rd. June 1909 Frederick sailed from Liverpool aboard the SS Tunisian for Montreal, Canada. He returned home and in 1913 emigrated again from Liverpool aboard the SS Lake Manitoba, this time with his brother Percy.
He settled at Cloverdale, Surrey in British Columbia were he worked again as a butcher.
Frederick enlisted at New Westminster on 1st. February 1916 with 104th. Regiment, Westminster Fusiliers of Canada, commonly referred to as the Westies. The regiment would became part of 47th. Battalion, CEF.
Frederick fought at the Somme (1916), Vimy Ridge (1917) and Passhendale (1917).
He was killed in action, aged 35, only 23 days before the Armistice, at about 11 a.m. on Friday 18th. October 1918 whilst his company were taking shelter behind some large haystacks on the outskirts of Fressain during heavy German shelling. He was killed instantly when he was hit in the head by shrapnel when two large calibre shells fell simultaneously about 10 feet away from one of the haystacks.
Initially buried in Crucifix Cemetery, Lecluse, west of Fressain, he was reburied in Grave: E10, in front of the Cross of Remembrance, at Chapel Corner Cemetery, Sauchy-Lestree, Pas de Calais, France.
Frederick is commemorated on the Cenotaph at Surrey, British Columbia, on Page 416 of the First World War Book of Remembrance of the Canadian Virtual War Memorial and in All Saints church, Hethel, Norfolk.
3527 Private Hugh Reginald Fulcher, 1st. Battalion, Coldstream Guards.
Born in 1877 at Scoulton, Norfolk, the son of Charles, an agricultural labourer, and Sarah Ann Fulcher, nee Saunders.
Baptised on 4th. October 1891 at Wreningham.
The 1881 census records the family were living at Hethel, Norfolk.
The 1901 census records Hugh at Chelsea Barracks with Coldstream Guards.
At the outbreak of war in 1914, Hugh was probably a reservist and was called up and posted to 1st. Battalion, Coldstream Guards.
Hugh died, aged 37, on Thursday 29th. October 1914.
Taken from the Regiment's official history,
'At Gheluvelt, 6 miles E of Ypres, 1st. Battalion suffered such casualties that it had no officers left and only 180 men. 4 days later, after reinforcements, it had once more been reduced to no officers and 120 men only'.
139 soldiers of Coldstream Guards died 29th. October 1914.
Hugh has no known grave and is commemorated on Panel 11 of the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium, and in All Saints church, Hethel.
40702 Private Donald Henry Saunders, 7th. Battalion, Norfolk Regiment.
Born 9th. May 1888 in Wreningham, the son of Samuel and Mary Saunders.
Husband of May Ethel Johnson, married in April 1915 at Norwich, Norfolk.
Enlisted on 27th. June 1915 in Melton Constable, Norfolk.
Donald was killed in action on Saturday 28th. April 1917. He has no known grave and is commemorated on Bay 3 of the Arras Memorial, Pas de Calais, France.
5573 Private Thomas Charles Moore, 'A' Company, 2nd. Battalion, Leinster Regiment.
Born in December 1890 at Fundenhall, Norfolk, the son of John and Mary Ann Moore.
Brother of William T. b. 1878, John b. 1880, Maria L. b. 1883, Robert G. b. 1885, Frederick C. b. 1887, and Mary A. b. 1889
The census of 1891 records the family at Hapton, Norfolk.
The census of 1901 records the family living at The Street, Saxlingham Nethergate, Norfolk.
The 1911 census records Thomas working as a farm labourer, still living at Saxlingham Nethergate.
In April 1916 Thomas marries Ethel Maria Fenn of Saxlingham, Nethergate. They have a son, Thomas, born in April 1919.
Thomas was killed in action, aged 28, on Saturday 19th. October 1918 fighting in the Battle of Courtrai . He was buried in a marked grave at map reference 25. I. 25. a. 3. 8. and was reburied, possible on 27th. April 1920, in Grave: VII. B. 14. at Harlebeke New British Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium with the personal inscription,
'FOR EVER WITH THE LORD'
20923 Private Arthur Edward Wilson, 1st. Battalion, Essex Regiment.
The son of Anna Laura Wilson of Wreningham.
Enlisted in January 1915.
Arthur was killed in action, aged 32, on Saturday 14th. April 1917. He has no known grave and is commemorated on Bay 7 of the Arras Memorial, Pas de Calais, France.
1939 - 1945
6022140 Private Jack Twiddy, 2/5th. Battalion, Essex Regiment.
The son of Albert James and Florence E. Twiddy of Wreningham.
Jack died, aged 27, on Wednesday 29th. March 1944.
He was buried at reference point Sheet 32 435072 and was reburied on 17th. September 1945 in Grave: II. A. 12. at Milan War Cemetery, Milan, Italy with the personal inscription,
'PEACE SHALL FOLLOW BATTLE
NIGHT SHALL END IN DAY'
5781804 Private Frederick Robert Gooch, 6th. Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment.
The son of Leonard and Maud Gooch of Wreningham.
Frederick died, aged 27, as a prisoner of war of the Japanese on Monday 19th. July 1944. He has no known grave and is commemorated on Column 50 of the Singapore Memorial.
5771565 Warrant Officer III Class, William Clifford Ireland, 2nd. Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment.
The son of William John Horace and Susan Ireland.
Husband of Irene Victoria Florence Ireland of West End, Southampton, Hampshire.
The regiment was stubbornly holding Le Paradis and the neighbouring hamlets of Le-Cornet Malo and Riez-du-Vinage in the Pas-de-Calais against overwhelmingly superior forces, trying to block the enemy's road to Dunkirk. On 27th. May, with their ammunition expended, and completely cut off from their Battalion and Brigade Headquarters, 97 officers and men of the 2nd. Norfolk's surrendered to the 4th. Company, 1st. Battalion, 2nd. Waffen S.S. 'Totenkopf' (Deathshead) Regiment. They were disarmed, marched into a field, lined up against a wall and mowed down by two machine guns, then finished off by revolver shots and bayonet thrusts and left for dead. By a miracle two of them, Private Bill O'Callaghan and Private Bert Pooley escaped death. They were hid in the neighbouring farm of Madame Duquenne-Creton. At great risk to herself the brave Frenchwoman cared and fed the two injured men, but Bert's leg wounds were severe so the two soldiers gave themselves up and became prisoners of war.
A day or two after the atrocity the local people, under orders from the Germans, buried the dead where they lay. In 1942, however, the bodies were exhumed and moved into the part of Le Paradis churchyard which is now the war cemetery.
In August 1948 the officer responsible for the atrocity, SS Hauptsturmführer Fritz Knöchlein was formally charged with committing a war crime, to which he pleaded not guilty. His trial began on Monday 11th. October 1948 in Rotherbaum, Hamburg and both Albert Pooley and William O'Callaghan were called to testify against him. Knöchlein's defence attorney claimed that Knöchlein had not been present on the day of the battle, and that the British forces had used illegal dum-dum bullets during the battle. Upon being found guilty, Knöchlein applied for clemency, arguing that he had a wife and four children that depended on him. He was sentenced to be hanged, and was executed on 21st. January 1949 at Hamelin, Lower Saxony.
William was murdered, aged 24, on Monday 27th. May 1940, in what is now referred to as the La Paradis Massacre. He is buried in Grave: 2 C5 at La Paradis War Cemetery, Lestrem, Pas de Calais, France with the personal inscription,
'TREAD SOFTLY,
MY DARLING SLEEPS HERE.
FROM HIS LOVING WIFE FLO
AND TONY'
14413256 Private Douglas Barrett, 1st. Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment.
The son of James Frederick and Mabel Lilian Barrett of Wreningham.
Douglas died, aged 20, on Thursday 1st. March 1945. He was buried at map reference Sh 4303 988383 at Kervenheim, Germany, and was reburied on 4th. November 1946 in Grave: 48. E. 5. at Reichwald Forest War Cemetery, Cleves, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany with the personal inscription,
'WE TRUST HIS SUPREME EFFORT
WAS NOT IN VAIN.
SADLY MISSED.
MOTHER AND ALL'
1747159 Gunner Charles Setchell, 296 Battery, 66 H.A.A. Regiment, Royal Artillery.
The son of Charles and Alice Setchell.
Husband of Maud Florence Setchell of Wreningham.
Charles died, aged 36, on Wednesday 2nd. August 1944. He was buried with a bronze plaque in Plot 1, Row D, Grave 1 at Duboi War Cemetery. On 3rd. July the remains of Charles were exhumed and reburied in Plot 3, Row E, Grave 7 at Duboi War Cemetery near Ledo, India with the personal inscription
"THY WILL BE DONE"
IN UNDYING MEMORY
OF MY DEAR HUSBAND
HIS LOVING WIFE'
*Not named on the memorial*
P/JX 518572 Ordinary Seaman Thomas Edward Green, HMS Collingwood, Royal Navy.
The son of John and Emily Green, of Forncett St. Mary, Norfolk.
Husband of Alexandra Nell Green of Wreningham.
Thomas died, aged 35, on Friday 18th. June 1943. He is buried in St. Mary's churchyard at Forncett St. Mary with the personal inscription,
"THY WILL BE DONE"
S/271577 Private Russel Gordon Wurr, Royal Army Service Corps.
The son of James Benjamin and Mary Elizabeth Wurr of Wreningham.
Russel was captured on 15th. February 1942 and became a prisoner of war of the Japanese.
He died, aged 22, on Sunday 3rd. October 1943 and was buried in Tambaya Cemetery 9. In January 1946 he was reburied in Grave: B6. N. 9. at Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery, Thanbyuzayat, Mawlamyine District, Myanmar (Burma) with the personal inscription,
'HIS MEMORY, LIKE SOME HOLY LIGHT,
KEPT ALIVE IN OUR HEARTS WILL IMPROVE THEM'
Adelaide’s West Terrace Cemetery
The present location of the cemetery appeared in Colonel William Light’s map of Adelaide.
Curator’s residence and office erected 1907 is the third building on the site. The office door faces the roadway inside the entrance.
Inside the entrance gateway is a tile-roofed shelter, with seats, for visitors.
Following renovations the Authority’s goal [is] to establish the Curator’s Cottage at West Terrace Cemetery as a venue for small to medium public functions. The building will also be available for post-funeral service gatherings for families and loved ones.
*West Terrace Cemetery Extension
The Town Clerk of Adelaide (Mr T G Ellery) reported to the last meeting of the finance committee that a Bill had been prepared to ratify the grant of land by the government to the City Council at West terrace.
The original cemetery site consisted of 61acres, but only 43 has been utilized. The remaining area of 18 acres for over 40 years has been devoted by the municipal authorities to depasturing. It was this portion that the Government sought to secure for burying purposes.
Although the corporation protested against this course, it was ascertained that length of possession did not secure to them the title or to prevent resumption for the objects for which the land had been reserved.
The difficulty has now been overcome by an exchange. The council has decided to give a strip of the park lands west of the cemetery and between the old boundary and the railway line in return for that section facing West terrace.
The value of the transfer from the point of view of the citizens is that the extension of the burial ground will now be confined to a locality at a greater distance from private residences. The Government, however, gets the better of the bargain by approximately two acres. [Ref: Register (Adelaide) 2 August 1904]
*Extending the West Terrace Cemetery
In the course of a few weeks a block of land embracing seven acres will be added to the burial ground available in the West Terrace Cemetery. The new area will be an extension of the cemetery in a south westerly direction, and a staff of men have been employed for some time making roads and pathways and planting trees and shrubs.
A quantity of stone taken from the Jubilee Exhibition Grounds west of the pavilions has been utilised for road construction, and three tracks have been formed, one of which encircles an oval of considerable dimensions, which will be subdivided by pathways. A large number of cedar, plane, and elm trees and shrubs have been put in, and in a few weeks the block will be ready for use, if necessary. This addition to the city burial ground will meet all requirements for many years, and there is no likelihood now of a new necropolis being established for several decades.
The new residence which has been provided for the curator is a decided improvement on the old structure, and quite an ornament to the approach to the cemetery. [Ref: The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide) 16-9-1907]
*A Glimpse of History by Special Reporter
The new fence and officer’s quarters and the beautiful garden at the entrance to the West Terrace Cemetery have improved beyond measure the approach to the graveyard.
Since the present curator (Mr H G Mildred) took charge the remedy has occurred.
The new curator's cottage and offices have also given more accommodation and have generally afforded a cheerier aspect than was formerly presented. [Inside the entrance are] two main drives, neatly rounded and tarred for a considerable distance.
I asked the curator how many were buried in the cemetery. "Nearly 60,000, he replied. If you scan the notices in The Register you will see that there are several funerals every day: and as the population grows so of course must the burials here increase in frequency: so that the thousands soon mount up."
We stepped inside the office, and Mr Mildred produced an old book. The first page was inscribed, "John Monck, first sexton, March 17, 1838." In the cemetery’s first period the books were destroyed by fire. So the first known recorded funeral in the earliest existing book was on July 2, 1840, when James Laffan, aged 30, residence, parklands, was interred.
The first lease of ground in the cemetery was applied for in September 1839, in the name of the Hon Robert Gouger (first Colonial Secretary): and in so leisurely a manner did matters move in those days that it was not granted until December 2.
Other lessees, who closely followed are Messrs Edward Frome, Giles Abbott. G Strickland Kingston, Joseph Fisher, and James Chittleborough.
The latest considerable addition to the cemetery has been the crematorium—a concession to modern notions of sanitary reform in connection with the disposal of the dead.
It was founded by a few enthusiastic citizens, and at the beginning was little used. In the past year or two however, cremations have been fairly frequent; and a row of half a dozen or so of small square marble tombs indicates where the urns containing the ashes of a number of clients of the institution have been deposited in cases where the friends preferred such interment within the grounds rather than to carry the remains of their friends away in private urns. [Ref: Journal (Adelaide) Thursday 15 January 1914]
Ashwellthorpe is a village and parish in Norfolk, situated 3.75 miles (6 km) south-east of Wymondham and 12.5 miles (20 km) south-west of Norwich. In 1935 the parish of Fundenhall was merged with Ashwellthorpe. The two villages lie about a mile (1.6 km) apart.
Torp, meaning a 'hamlet', was the original settlement, with Ashwell, from the Old English meaning ‘ash tree spring’, as an adjacent hamlet. By the mid-12th. century the village became known as Ashwellthorp
An early Saxon cemetery is situated at the edge of the parish. Burials before the late 7th. century were performed with pagan funerary rituals and often consisted of rectangular graves, with coffins or were lined with stones. High status burials, often held burial furniture, predominantly burial beds. Grave goods were often placed with the body, and included jewellery, especially Anglo-Saxon brooches, weapons, tools, and household items.
The village is mentioned in Little Domesday, produced from 1086 to 1089 by local scribes working for the royal commissioners charged with gathering data for Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. At this time the land belonged to Count Eustace of Boulogne
Later the manor belonged to the ancient family of Thorpe, and then passed to the Bourchier family. In the time of Henry VII the manor was held by Sir John Bourchier, who translated, from French, Froissart's Chronicles, a history of the Hundred Years' War written in the 14th. century by Jean Froissart. The present day Berners family are descendants of the Bourchier's.
Ashwellthorpe was a 'closed' village with most of the farms, land and dwellings under the ownership of the Ashwellthorpe Estate, home to the Berners Barony, until the estate was broken up and sold in the early part of the 20th. century. At the time the village was self-sufficient in many trades and services.
The original village sign was sculpted from a solid piece of elm to commemorated the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 1977. The shaft and double-sided name board are set in a stone plinth surrounded by granite sets and cobble stones, that were originally encircled by an oak seat.
The shaft has 24 carved pictorial panels recording aspects of village life, both historical and contemporary. The bottom tier of panels bears eight heraldic shields representing the de Thorp, Bourchier, Berners, Knyvett and Wilson families who held the manor and lived in Ashwellthorpe Hall.
The next row depicting a comedy/tragedy mask, plough, red squirrel, flowers and the ancient church door handle.
The next circular row of panels has Ashwellthorpe Hall, the alabaster tomb of Sir Edmund de Thorp and his wife, a representation of The Knyvett Letters written by Sir Thomas Knyvett at the time of the 17th. century English Civil War, a tractor, and ears of corn.
The Legend of the Ashwellthorpe Oak, the Huggin family of clockmakers, the church porch, Jubilee sign, musical instruments and sporting equipment make up the top row of.
A time capsule was placed in the base of the plinth.
The sign, in front of All Saints church, was unveiled by Timothy Colman, Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk, on 29th.October 1978.
During high winds on the night of 28/29th. March 1997 the elm sign crashed to the ground. It was decided it should be replaced with a copy made of glass fibre, which was unveiled on 30th. April 1998.
The Keelmen of Tyne and Wear were a group of men who worked on the keels, large boats that carried the coal from the banks of both rivers to the waiting collier ships. Because of the shallowness of both rivers, it was difficult for ships of any significant draught to move up river and load with coal from the place where the coal reached the riverside. Thus the need for shallow-draught keels to transport the coal to the waiting ships. The keelmen formed a close-knit and colourful community on both rivers until their eventual demise late in the nineteenth century.
Beginnings of the coal trade
Coal began to be exported from the River Tyne from the mid-thirteenth century onwards. The first recorded shipment of coal from the River Wear was in 1396. The pits from which coal was then exported were near the riverside so that as little effort as possible was required to load it. The coal was carried to London and elsewhere in colliers; small wooden sailing ships that sailed down the east coast. At this time neither the Tyne nor the Wear were easily navigable for ships of significant draught. The mouth of the Tyne was obstructed by Herd Sands, Bellehues Rock and a bar that ran across the mouth of the river. Further up river a ship might run aground in various shallows and the stone bridge at Newcastle prevented colliers from reaching coal deposits further up river. Both rivers were very shallow near the banks, which made the approach difficult so coal was loaded into the shallow-draught keels to transport it down river.
The keels
The keels were wooden boats with a pointed stern, so that the bow and stern looked almost the same. They were of shallow draught so that when fully loaded they drew only four and a half feet. The keels were forty feet long and at least 19 feet wide amidships: a very broad configuration. They were carvel-built (smooth sided) and generally of oak, often with elm used below the waterline. In 1266 the standard load of a keel was set at 20 chaldrons (wagonloads) or approximately 17 tons. After 1497 the keel load was frequently increased, until in 1635 it was set at 21.1 tons. A chaldron was a horse-drawn wagon containing 17 cwt of coal. Keels were supposed to be measured by the Kings Commissioners and given a load mark to show when they were full.
Early keels were propelled with a large oar, handled by all the crew except the skipper; they had no rudder and were steered by a second oar or "swape" over the stern. The crew worked with the flow of the river tides where practicable. Later the oars were supplemented by a mast with a square sail attached to a yard, and latterly with a large spritsail and staysail, though the oars were still used to row when the wind was not favourable. There were also two eighteen-foot, iron-shod poles ("puoys") for polling the keel through any shallows. The floor of the hold was only two feet below the gunwale to allow for easy loading. The coal was piled high above the top of the hold with wooden boards used to prevent the cargo from sliding. Each keel was manned by a skipper, two crewmen and a boy, known as a 'pee dee' 'P. D.' or 'paydee'. While it has been stated that the meaning of this title is unknown, it might have developed from an earlier use of 'peedee' meaning "footboy", or "groom", from Latin pede, "on foot". As the railways started to take away the keelmen's trade, most skippers discontinued the employment of a boy to save on their salary. The two crewmen were invariably called the 'bullies' ("bully" here meaning "brother", "comrade"). Many keels had a small after-cabin or "huddick", fitted with a stove, where the crew could sleep.
Work and conditions
Keelmen loaded coal into the keel's hold from a "spout" or riverside chute. The keel would then be taken down river on the ebb tide using oars, or sail if the wind was favourable, and taken alongside the waiting collier where the crew would shovel the coal into the collier, working even after darkness. This could be arduous due to the difference in height between the keel's gunwale and the collier's deck. When keelmen struck in 1819 one of their demands was an extra shilling per keel per foot that the side of the collier exceeded five feet. After a time colliers were constructed in such a manner as to make it easier to load coal into them. After loading the keelmen would return for another load if there was daytime left and tides allowed. They were paid by the "tide"; i.e. by each trip between the ship and the staith, irrespective of distance. By the mid 19th century the usual fee was one guinea, including loading, which the keel's owner would split amongst the three crew in nearly equal shares, retaining only around 8d. per tide over and above the other shares. Before the railways began to harm the trade, a keel owner would expect to make around ten "tides" a week.
Keelmen were traditionally bound to employment for a year, the binding day normally being Christmas Day but employment tended to be seasonal with hardly any work in winter. The availability of work was often affected by the weather, if ships were unable to come into the river, and also by the supply of coal from the pits. Strikes might affect output and wily pit owners would sometimes curtail production to keep prices high. As a result, keelmen could spend long periods without work, during which they would have to live on credit or find employment in clearing wrecks and sand banks from the river. The Tyneside keelmen formed an independent society in 1556 but were never incorporated, probably because the Newcastle Hostmen feared their becoming too powerful. The Wearside keelmen were finally incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1792.
The Tyneside keelmen lived in the Sandgate area, outside the city walls, one of the poorest and most overcrowded parts of the city, made up of many narrow alleys. John Baillie, writing in the late 18th century, said that they "live almost entirely upon flesh-meat and flour, of the best kinds, which their strong exertions in their employment require." They were known by some as a close-knit group of aggressive, hard-drinking men: John Wesley, after visiting Newcastle, described them as much given to drunkenness and swearing. Baillie said that this reputation was entirely undeserved: the keelmen had a "rough" way of expressing themselves, and were loud and vociferous "from the practice of hailing one another on the river, especially in the night tides", but "they scorn to show what they think incivility or rudeness to any person".[8] Despite this, in the mid 19th century they were described as "a proverbially unintelligent, ignorant and intemperate set of men. One keelman, it used to be said, could drink out three pitmen".
For their Sunday best clothing the keelmen often wore a distinctive blue coat or short blue jacket: this was accompanied by a flat-brimmed black hat, yellow waistcoat and white shirt, and legwear described as either slate-grey trousers or blue stockings and flannel breeches. In the 18th century keelmen were identifiable by the blue bonnet many of them wore at work, later replaced by a sou'wester. In the 1840s they were described as wearing "a peculiar costume, consisting of a large jacket, or rather doublet, with loose breeches, made very wide at the knee, and not descending further". The trade of keelmen tended to be passed on from father to son, the son working as an apprentice on a keel until considered old enough and strong enough to be a crewman. Most men were unfit to continue the physically very demanding work into their forties. By 1700 there were 1,600 keelmen working on the Tyne in 400 keels. Not all were local: there was a significant number of Scottish keelmen who returned home in the winter when trade was slack.
Disputes with the Hostmen
The Tyneside keelmen were employed by the Newcastle Hostmen and were often in dispute with their employers. They went on strike in 1709, 1710, 1740 and 1750. One grievance held by the keelmen was that the Hostmen, in order to avoid custom duties, would deliberately overload the keels. Duty was paid on each keel-load, so that it paid the owner to load as much coal as possible. This meant that the keel-load gradually increased from 16 tons in 1600 to 21.25 tons in 1695. As the keelmen were paid by the keel-load, they had to work considerably harder for the same pay. Even after the keel-load had been standardised, there were cases of keel owners illegally enlarging the holds to carry more coal, as much as 26.5 tons. In 1719 and 1744, the Tyneside keelmen went on strike in protest at this 'overmeasure'. The 1750 strike was also against 'overmeasure', as well as against 'can-money', the practice of paying part of the keelmen's wages in drink that had to be consumed at 'can-houses', pubs owned by the employers.
Expansion of the Wear coal trade
The coal export trade from the Wear was slow to develop, but by the seventeenth century there was a thriving trade in exporting coal from the Durham coalfield via the River Wear. The tonnage however was much smaller than on the Tyne; in 1609, 11,648 tons were exported from the Wear compared with 239,000 tons exported from the Tyne. This imbalance changed dramatically during the English Civil War because of the Parliamentarian blockade of the Tyne and their encouragement of the Wearside merchants to make up for the subsequent shortfall in coal for London. Coal exports from the Wear increased by an enormous amount, causing a similar increase in the number of keelmen employed on the river. By time of the Restoration in 1660, trade on the Tyne had recovered, but the river was now only exporting a third more coal than the Wear.
The Keelmen's Hospital
In 1699 the keelmen of Newcastle decided to build the Keelmen's Hospital, a charitable foundation for sick and aged keelmen and their families. The keelmen agreed to contribute one penny a tide from the wages of each keel's crew and Newcastle Corporation made land available in Sandgate. The hospital was completed in 1701 at a cost of £2,000. It consisted of fifty chambers giving onto a cloister enclosing a grass court. One matter of contention relating to the hospital was that the funds for its maintenance were kept in the control of the Hostmen, lest they be used as a strike fund by the keelmen. The hospital building still remains in City Road, Newcastle, and was used for student accommodation until recently. The building is now on the Heritage at Risk register. It has stood vacant since the closure of the student accommodation, and was added to the register in 2009.
Impressment in the Royal Navy
Because of their experience of handling boats, the keelmen were considered useful in times of war when the Royal Navy required seamen for its warships. During the French wars of the late eighteenth century, the Naval Impress Service would have liked to impress as many keelmen as possible, but the keelmen were officially protected from impressment. However, in 1803, during a time of crisis, the Tyne Regulating Officer captured 53 keelmen with the intention of impressing them into the navy despite their exemption. In retaliation, their wives took up whatever was handy (shovels, pans, rolling pins) and marched to North Shields intent on using any means to rescue their men, whilst the rest of the keelmen went on strike until the captured men were released. A compromise was reached so that 80 ‘volunteers’ (one in ten keelmen) would be accepted into the navy and the rest would be exempted from impressment. A levy was to be paid by the coal-owners and keelmen to provide a bounty for the keelmen who joined the navy. A similar situation existed on the Wear, except that the keelmen there were treated less generously. They had to provide a similar quota of recruits with two landsmen counting as one prime sailor.
Coal staiths
About 1750 a new development began to be used on the Tyne. New pits were being sunk further and further away from the river and coal was being brought to the riverbank via wagon ways. Once there, in places accessible by colliers, coal staiths were built to allow coal to be dropped directly into the holds of the colliers without the need for keels. The staiths were short piers that projected out over the river and allowed coal wagons to run on rails to the end. Colliers would moor alongside the end of the staiths and, initially, the coal from the wagons was emptied down chutes into the colliers’ holds. Later, to avoid breakage of the coal, the coal wagons were lowered onto the decks of the colliers and were unloaded there. This was the beginning of the end for the keelmen and they realised the threat that the coal staiths posed. Strikes and riots resulted whenever new staiths were opened. In 1794 the Tyneside keelmen went on strike against the use of staiths for loading coal.
Because of the shallowness of the Tyne, the use of coal staiths did not entirely eliminate the need for keels. The amount that the staiths projected into the river was limited so as not to obstruct river traffic, so that the staiths ended in shallow water. As colliers were loaded their draught would deepen until often they were no longer able to continue loading from the staiths. In such cases the colliers would have to move into deeper water and the loading would be completed using keels.
Until 1800, the most productive pits were situated upriver from Newcastle, and colliers could not pass the bridge there to load coal. After 1800, coal production switched to further down river, where coal staiths could be used. Already by 1799, the number of keels working on the Tyne was 320 compared with 500 at the peak of their use. At this time, the Wear, with a smaller output of coal, employed 520 keels. Coal staiths were not introduced on the Wear until 1812, but were resisted just as strongly by the keelmen there. They rioted in 1815 in protest at coal being loaded via coal staiths.
Steam tugs
Another threat to the livelihood of the keelmen was the development of steam tugs. During a ten-week strike by the keelmen of both Tyne and Wear against the use of coal staiths, the keel owners installed one of the newly developed steam locomotives in a keel equipped with paddle wheels. The keel was not only able to propel itself, but was able to tow a string of other keels behind it. By 1830, Marshall's shipyard in South Shields had begun to manufacture steam tugs, for the Tyne and for further afield. This development did not threaten the livelihood of the keelmen as completely as the development of the coal staiths.
Improvements in river navigation
As mentioned above, the reason for employing keelmen was the poor state of the navigation on the Tyne and Wear, which prevented ships from moving up river without danger of grounding. As time went by this situation gradually worsened. Colliers arriving at the river mouth would have a ballast of sand that had to be disposed of. The correct method of doing this was to deposit the sand on specified areas on the riverbank provided for the purpose or by depositing the sand in the sea. The Wear had ballast keels that were used to unload the ballast from colliers and take it out to sea. There were penalties for depositing ballast in the river, but this often occurred. The result was that the riverbed became silted up, causing even more navigational difficulties. Additionally, industry on the riverbanks often deposited its waste products in the river. The situation on the Tyne became so bad that in 1850 the Tyne Navigation Act was passed, which gave control of the river to the Tyne Improvement Commission. This body began an extensive program of dredging to substantially deepen the riverbed. This program was completed in 1888 so that the largest colliers could pass right up to Newcastle and beyond. This deepening of the river meant that colliers could load coal from the staiths without the need for keels to complete the work. In 1876 the existing bridge at Newcastle was replaced by the Swing Bridge, which rotated to allow ships to pass up and down river. This allowed colliers to be loaded from staiths above Newcastle and so further sealed the fate of the keelmen.
The Wear Improvement Bill was passed in 1717, creating the River Wear Commission. Building was started on a south pier at the river mouth in 1723 and continued for many years. A north pier was completed in 1797. The piers were intended to improve the flow of water and prevent the river from silting up. The river was dredged in 1749 to improve access, but the use of keels continued undiminished until the introduction of coal staiths in 1813. In 1831 a new harbour was opened at Seaham, further down the Durham coast. This diverted much of the Durham coal away from Sunderland and further threatened the existence of the Wearside keelmen. In 1837 a North Dock was completed at the mouth of the Wear to load colliers and in 1850 a huge South Dock was completed with room for 250 vessels. These loading facilities made keels unnecessary except for inaccessible pits far up river. On the Tyne, three large docks were also constructed for loading coal: Northumberland Dock in 1857; Tyne Dock in 1859; Albert Edward Dock in 1884.
Final demise
By the mid-nineteenth century, less than a fifth of the pits on the Tyne and Wear were using keels to load coal. The introduction of coal staiths and steam tugs had already severely diminished the number of keelmen. The new docks with their efficient coal loading facilities brought the final demise of the keels and the men who worked them. The last few keels survived until the closing years of the 19th century, though by 1889 a writer noted that though some keelmen were still carrying out coal loading, "steamboats now do the work; keels are towed to and from the ships". "It's them steamers that's brust up the keelmen," the last keelman in the Keelmen's Hospital said in 1897, "it's a bonny bad job, but it cannot be helped".
The second half of the nineteenth century was a time of rapid industrial growth on Tyneside and Wearside, so that the keelmen would be readily absorbed within other industries. They are now just a distant memory with little to remind us of them, apart from the Keelmen's Hospital, which still stands in Newcastle, and the well-known local songs "The Keel Row" and "Cushie Butterfield."
Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank, opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.
Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself. In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.
Roman settlement
The history of Newcastle dates from AD 122, when the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at that point. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or 'Bridge of Aelius', Aelius being the family name of Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built across northern England along the Tyne–Solway gap. Hadrian's Wall ran through present-day Newcastle, with stretches of wall and turrets visible along the West Road, and at a temple in Benwell. Traces of a milecastle were found on Westgate Road, midway between Clayton Street and Grainger Street, and it is likely that the course of the wall corresponded to present-day Westgate Road. The course of the wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort at Wallsend, with the fort of Arbeia down-river at the mouth of the Tyne, on the south bank in what is now South Shields. The Tyne was then a wider, shallower river at this point and it is thought that the bridge was probably about 700 feet (210 m) long, made of wood and supported on stone piers. It is probable that it was sited near the current Swing Bridge, due to the fact that Roman artefacts were found there during the building of the latter bridge. Hadrian himself probably visited the site in 122. A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. The two altars were subsequently found in the river and are on display in the Great North Museum in Newcastle.
The Romans built a stone-walled fort in 150 to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge, and this took the name of the bridge so that the whole settlement was known as Pons Aelius. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. Pons Aelius is last mentioned in 400, in a Roman document listing all of the Roman military outposts. It is likely that nestling in the shadow of the fort would have been a small vicus, or village. Unfortunately, no buildings have been detected; only a few pieces of flagging. It is clear that there was a Roman cemetery near Clavering Place, behind the Central station, as a number of Roman coffins and sarcophagi have been unearthed there.
Despite the presence of the bridge, the settlement of Pons Aelius was not particularly important among the northern Roman settlements. The most important stations were those on the highway of Dere Street running from Eboracum (York) through Corstopitum (Corbridge) and to the lands north of the Wall. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius.
Anglo-Saxon development
The Angles arrived in the North-East of England in about 500 and may have landed on the Tyne. There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age. The bridge probably survived and there may well have been a small village at the northern end, but no evidence survives. At that time the region was dominated by two kingdoms, Bernicia, north of the Tees and ruled from Bamburgh, and Deira, south of the Tees and ruled from York. Bernicia and Deira combined to form the kingdom of Northanhymbra (Northumbria) early in the 7th century. There were three local kings who held the title of Bretwalda – 'Lord of Britain', Edwin of Deira (627–632), Oswald of Bernicia (633–641) and Oswy of Northumbria (641–658). The 7th century became known as the 'Golden Age of Northumbria', when the area was a beacon of culture and learning in Europe. The greatness of this period was based on its generally Christian culture and resulted in the Lindisfarne Gospels amongst other treasures. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. Bede, who was based at Jarrow, wrote of a royal estate, known as Ad Murum, 'at the Wall', 12 miles (19 km) from the sea. It is thought that this estate may have been in what is now Newcastle. At some unknown time, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. The reason for this title is unknown, as we are unaware of any specific monasteries at the site, and Bede made no reference to it. In 875 Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish Viking conqueror of York, led an army that attacked and pillaged various monasteries in the area, and it is thought that Monkchester was also pillaged at this time. Little more was heard of it until the coming of the Normans.
Norman period
After the arrival of William the Conqueror in England in 1066, the whole of England was quickly subjected to Norman rule. However, in Northumbria there was great resistance to the Normans, and in 1069 the newly appointed Norman Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Comines and 700 of his men were killed by the local population at Durham. The Northumbrians then marched on York, but William was able to suppress the uprising. That same year, a second uprising occurred when a Danish fleet landed in the Humber. The Northumbrians again attacked York and destroyed the garrison there. William was again able to suppress the uprising, but this time he took revenge. He laid waste to the whole of the Midlands and the land from York to the Tees. In 1080, William Walcher, the Norman bishop of Durham and his followers were brutally murdered at Gateshead. This time Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, devastated the land between the Tees and the Tweed. This was known as the 'Harrying of the North'. This devastation is reflected in the Domesday Book. The destruction had such an effect that the North remained poor and backward at least until Tudor times and perhaps until the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle suffered in this respect with the rest of the North.
In 1080 William sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a 'New Castle'. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey). It was this castle that gave Newcastle its name. In 1095 the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against the king, William Rufus, and Rufus sent an army north to recapture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons. The Northumbrian earldom was abolished and a Sheriff of Northumberland was appointed to administer the region. In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. The church is believed to have been a wooden building on stone footings.
Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The great outer gateway to the castle, called 'the Black Gate', was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III. There were at that time no town walls and when attacked by the Scots, the townspeople had to crowd into the bailey for safety. It is probable that the new castle acted as a magnet for local merchants because of the safety it provided. This in turn would help to expand trade in the town. At this time wool, skins and lead were being exported, whilst alum, pepper and ginger were being imported from France and Flanders.
Middle Ages
Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress, the centre for assembled armies. The Border war against Scotland lasted intermittently for several centuries – possibly the longest border war ever waged. During the civil war between Stephen and Matilda, David 1st of Scotland and his son were granted Cumbria and Northumberland respectively, so that for a period from 1139 to 1157, Newcastle was effectively in Scottish hands. It is believed that during this period, King David may have built the church of St Andrew and the Benedictine nunnery in Newcastle. However, King Stephen's successor, Henry II was strong enough to take back the Earldom of Northumbria from Malcolm IV.
The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle, in 1174, after being captured at the Battle of Alnwick. Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town and Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.
Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river, an indication that trade was increasing in Newcastle. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Most of the Newcastle merchants were situated near the river, below the Castle. The earliest known charter was dated 1175 in the reign of Henry II, giving the townspeople some control over their town. In 1216 King John granted Newcastle a mayor[8] and also allowed the formation of guilds (known as Mysteries). These were cartels formed within different trades, which restricted trade to guild members. There were initially twelve guilds. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.
In 1265, the town was granted permission to impose a 'Wall Tax' or Murage, to pay for the construction of a fortified wall to enclose the town and protect it from Scottish invaders. The town walls were not completed until early in the 14th century. They were two miles (3 km) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) thick and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. They had six main gates, as well as some smaller gates, and had 17 towers. The land within the walls was divided almost equally by the Lort Burn, which flowed southwards and joined the Tyne to the east of the Castle. The town began to expand north of the Castle and west of the Lort Burn with various markets being set up within the walls.
In 1400 Henry IV granted a new charter, creating a County corporate which separated the town, but not the Castle, from the county of Northumberland and recognised it as a "county of itself" with a right to have a sheriff of its own. The burgesses were now allowed to choose six aldermen who, with the mayor would be justices of the peace. The mayor and sheriff were allowed to hold borough courts in the Guildhall.
Religious houses
During the Middle Ages a number of religious houses were established within the walls: the first of these was the Benedictine nunnery of St Bartholomew founded in 1086 near the present-day Nun Street. Both David I of Scotland and Henry I of England were benefactors of the religious house. Nothing of the nunnery remains now.
The friary of Blackfriars, Newcastle (Dominican) was established in 1239. These were also known as the Preaching Friars or Shod Friars, because they wore sandals, as opposed to other orders. The friary was situated in the present-day Friars Street. In 1280 the order was granted royal permission to make a postern in the town walls to communicate with their gardens outside the walls. On 19 June 1334, Edward Balliol, claimant to be King of Scotland, did homage to King Edward III, on behalf of the kingdom of Scotland, in the church of the friary. Much of the original buildings of the friary still exist, mainly because, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the friary of Blackfriars was rented out by the corporation to nine of the local trade guilds.
The friary of Whitefriars (Carmelite) was established in 1262. The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. The land, which had originally been given by Robert the Bruce, was situated in the present-day Hanover Square, behind the Central station. Nothing of the friary remains now.
The friary of Austinfriars (Augustinian) was established in 1290. The friary was on the site where the Holy Jesus Hospital was built in 1682. The friary was traditionally the lodging place of English kings whenever they visited or passed through Newcastle. In 1503 Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, stayed two days at the friary on her way to join her new husband James IV of Scotland.
The friary of Greyfriars (Franciscans) was established in 1274. The friary was in the present-day area between Pilgrim Street, Grey Street, Market Street and High Chare. Nothing of the original buildings remains.
The friary of the Order of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarians, was established in 1360. The order devoted a third of its income to buying back captives of the Saracens, during the Crusades. Their house was on the Wall Knoll, in Pandon, to the east of the city, but within the walls. Wall Knoll had previously been occupied by the White Friars until they moved to new premises in 1307.
All of the above religious houses were closed in about 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries.
An important street running through Newcastle at the time was Pilgrim Street, running northwards inside the walls and leading to the Pilgrim Gate on the north wall. The street still exists today as arguably Newcastle's main shopping street.
Tudor period
The Scottish border wars continued for much of the 16th century, so that during that time, Newcastle was often threatened with invasion by the Scots, but also remained important as a border stronghold against them.
During the Reformation begun by Henry VIII in 1536, the five Newcastle friaries and the single nunnery were dissolved and the land was sold to the Corporation and to rich merchants. At this time there were fewer than 60 inmates of the religious houses in Newcastle. The convent of Blackfriars was leased to nine craft guilds to be used as their headquarters. This probably explains why it is the only one of the religious houses whose building survives to the present day. The priories at Tynemouth and Durham were also dissolved, thus ending the long-running rivalry between Newcastle and the church for control of trade on the Tyne. A little later, the property of the nunnery of St Bartholomew and of Grey Friars were bought by Robert Anderson, who had the buildings demolished to build his grand Newe House (also known as Anderson Place).
With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. By 1547, about 10,000 people were living in Newcastle. At the beginning of the 16th century exports of wool from Newcastle were more than twice the value of exports of coal, but during the century coal exports continued to increase.
Under Edward VI, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe Gateshead as its suburb. The main reason for this was to allow the Newcastle Hostmen, who controlled the export of Tyne coal, to get their hands on the Gateshead coal mines, previously controlled by the Bishop of Durham. However, when Mary I came to power, Dudley met his downfall and the decision was reversed. The Reformation allowed private access to coal mines previously owned by Tynemouth and Durham priories and as a result coal exports increase dramatically, from 15,000 tons in 1500 to 35,000 tons in 1565, and to 400,000 tons in 1625.
The plague visited Newcastle four times during the 16th century, in 1579 when 2,000 people died, in 1589 when 1700 died, in 1595 and finally in 1597.
In 1600 Elizabeth I granted Newcastle a charter for an exclusive body of electors, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses. The charter also gave the Hostmen exclusive rights to load coal at any point on the Tyne. The Hostmen developed as an exclusive group within the Merchant Adventurers who had been incorporated by a charter in 1547.
Stuart period
In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. There had been several previous outbreaks of the disease over the years, but this was the most serious. It is thought to have arrived from the Netherlands via ships that were trading between the Tyne and that country. It first appeared in the lower part of the town near the docks but gradually spread to all parts of the town. As the disease gained hold the authorities took measures to control it by boarding up any properties that contained infected persons, meaning that whole families were locked up together with the infected family members. Other infected persons were put in huts outside the town walls and left to die. Plague pits were dug next to the town's four churches and outside the town walls to receive the bodies in mass burials. Over the course of the outbreak 5,631 deaths were recorded out of an estimated population of 12,000, a death rate of 47%.
In 1637 Charles I tried to raise money by doubling the 'voluntary' tax on coal in return for allowing the Newcastle Hostmen to regulate production and fix prices. This caused outrage amongst the London importers and the East Anglian shippers. Both groups decided to boycott Tyne coal and as a result forced Charles to reverse his decision in 1638.
In 1640 during the Second Bishops' War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle. The occupying army demanded £850 per day from the Corporation to billet the Scottish troops. Trade from the Tyne ground to a halt during the occupation. The Scots left in 1641 after receiving a Parliamentary pardon and a £4,000,000 loan from the town.
In 1642 the English Civil War began. King Charles realised the value of the Tyne coal trade and therefore garrisoned Newcastle. A Royalist was appointed as governor. At that time, Newcastle and King's Lynn were the only important seaports to support the crown. In 1644 Parliament blockaded the Tyne to prevent the king from receiving revenue from the Tyne coal trade. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. Parliament encouraged the coal trade from the Wear to try to replace that lost from Newcastle but that was not enough to make up for the lost Tyneside tonnage.
In 1644 the Scots crossed the border. Newcastle strengthened its defences in preparation. The Scottish army, with 40,000 troops, besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison of 1,500 surrendered. During the siege, the Scots bombarded the walls with their artillery, situated in Gateshead and Castle Leazes. The Scottish commander threatened to destroy the steeple of St Nicholas's Church by gunfire if the mayor, Sir John Marley, did not surrender the town. The mayor responded by placing Scottish prisoners that they had captured in the steeple, so saving it from destruction. The town walls were finally breached by a combination of artillery and sapping. In gratitude for this defence, Charles gave Newcastle the motto 'Fortiter Defendit Triumphans' to be added to its coat of arms. The Scottish army occupied Northumberland and Durham for two years. The coal taxes had to pay for the Scottish occupation. In 1645 Charles surrendered to the Scots and was imprisoned in Newcastle for nine months. After the Civil War the coal trade on the Tyne soon picked up and exceeded its pre-war levels.
A new Guildhall was completed on the Sandhill next to the river in 1655, replacing an earlier facility damaged by fire in 1639, and became the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council. In 1681 the Hospital of the Holy Jesus was built partly on the site of the Austin Friars. The Guildhall and Holy Jesus Hospital still exist.
Charles II tried to impose a charter on Newcastle to give the king the right to appoint the mayor, sheriff, recorder and town clerk. Charles died before the charter came into effect. In 1685, James II tried to replace Corporation members with named Catholics. However, James' mandate was suspended in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution welcoming William of Orange. In 1689, after the fall of James II, the people of Newcastle tore down his bronze equestrian statue in Sandhill and tossed it into the Tyne. The bronze was later used to make bells for All Saints Church.
In 1689 the Lort Burn was covered over. At this time it was an open sewer. The channel followed by the Lort Burn became the present day Dean Street. At that time, the centre of Newcastle was still the Sandhill area, with many merchants living along the Close or on the Side. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. As Newcastle developed, the Side became lined with buildings with projecting upper stories, so that the main street through Newcastle was a narrow, congested, steep thoroughfare.
In 1701 the Keelmen's Hospital was built in the Sandgate area of the city, using funds provided by the keelmen. The building still stands today.
Eighteenth century
In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages predated the London Library by half a century.
In 1715, during the Jacobite rising in favour of the Old Pretender, an army of Jacobite supporters marched on Newcastle. Many of the Northumbrian gentry joined the rebels. The citizens prepared for its arrival by arresting Jacobite supporters and accepting 700 extra recruits into the local militia. The gates of the city were closed against the rebels. This proved enough to delay an attack until reinforcements arrived forcing the rebel army to move across to the west coast. The rebels finally surrendered at Preston.
In 1745, during a second Jacobite rising in favour of the Young Pretender, a Scottish army crossed the border led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. Once again Newcastle prepared by arresting Jacobite supporters and inducting 800 volunteers into the local militia. The town walls were strengthened, most of the gates were blocked up and some 200 cannon were deployed. 20,000 regulars were billeted on the Town Moor. These preparations were enough to force the rebel army to travel south via the west coast. They were eventually defeated at Culloden in 1746.
Newcastle's actions during the 1715 rising in resisting the rebels and declaring for George I, in contrast to the rest of the region, is the most likely source of the nickname 'Geordie', applied to people from Tyneside, or more accurately Newcastle. Another theory, however, is that the name 'Geordie' came from the inventor of the Geordie lamp, George Stephenson. It was a type of safety lamp used in mining, but was not invented until 1815. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century.
The city's first hospital, Newcastle Infirmary opened in 1753; it was funded by public subscription. A lying-in hospital was established in Newcastle in 1760. The city's first public hospital for mentally ill patients, Wardens Close Lunatic Hospital was opened in October 1767.
In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. The bridge had been built in 1250 and repaired after a flood in 1339. The bridge supported various houses and three towers and an old chapel. A blue stone was placed in the middle of the bridge to mark the boundary between Newcastle and the Palatinate of Durham. A temporary wooden bridge had to be built, and this remained in use until 1781, when a new stone bridge was completed. The new bridge consisted of nine arches. In 1801, because of the pressure of traffic, the bridge had to be widened.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806. The facilities at the Castle for holding assizes, which had been condemned for their inconvenience and unhealthiness, were replaced when the Moot Hall opened in August 1812.
Victorian period
Present-day Newcastle owes much of its architecture to the work of the builder Richard Grainger, aided by architects John Dobson, Thomas Oliver, John and Benjamin Green and others. In 1834 Grainger won a competition to produce a new plan for central Newcastle. He put this plan into effect using the above architects as well as architects employed in his own office. Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. Grainger and Dobson had also built the Royal Arcade at the foot of Pilgrim Street between 1830 and 1832. The most ambitious project covered 12 acres 12 acres (49,000 m2) in central Newcastle, on the site of Newe House (also called Anderson Place). Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. John Wardle and George Walker, working in Grainger's office, designed Clayton Street, Grainger Street and most of Grey Street. Dobson designed the Grainger Market and much of the east side of Grey Street. John and Benjamin Green designed the Theatre Royal at the top of Grey Street, where Grainger placed the column of Grey's Monument as a focus for the whole scheme. Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Unfortunately most of old Eldon Square was demolished in the 1960s in the name of progress. The Royal Arcade met a similar fate.
In 1849 a new bridge was built across the river at Newcastle. This was the High Level Bridge, designed by Robert Stephenson, and slightly up river from the existing bridge. The bridge was designed to carry road and rail traffic across the Tyne Gorge on two decks with rail traffic on the upper deck and road traffic on the lower. The new bridge meant that traffic could pass through Newcastle without having to negotiate the steep, narrow Side, as had been necessary for centuries. The bridge was opened by Queen Victoria, who one year later opened the new Central Station, designed by John Dobson. Trains were now able to cross the river, directly into the centre of Newcastle and carry on up to Scotland. The Army Riding School was also completed in 1849.
In 1854 a large fire started on the Gateshead quayside and an explosion caused it to spread across the river to the Newcastle quayside. A huge conflagration amongst the narrow alleys, or 'chares', destroyed the homes of 800 families as well as many business premises. The narrow alleys that had been destroyed were replaced by streets containing blocks of modern offices.
In 1863 the Town Hall in St Nicholas Square replaced the Guildhall as the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council.
In 1876 the low level bridge was replaced by a new bridge known as the Swing Bridge, so called because the bridge was able to swing horizontally on a central axis and allow ships to pass on either side. This meant that for the first time sizeable ships could pass up-river beyond Newcastle. The bridge was built and paid for by William Armstrong, a local arms manufacturer, who needed to have warships access his Elswick arms factory to fit armaments to them. The Swing Bridge's rotating mechanism is adapted from the cannon mounts developed in Armstrong's arms works. In 1882 the Elswick works began to build ships as well as to arm them. The Barrack Road drill hall was completed in 1890.
Industrialisation
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle's development as a major city owed most to its central role in the production and export of coal. The phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" was first recorded in 1538; it proverbially denotes bringing a particular commodity to a place that has more than enough of it already.
Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the following:
George Stephenson developed a miner's safety lamp at the same time that Humphry Davy developed a rival design. The lamp made possible the opening up of ever deeper mines to provide the coal that powered the industrial revolution.
George and his son Robert Stephenson were hugely influential figures in the development of the early railways. George developed Blücher, a locomotive working at Killingworth colliery in 1814, whilst Robert was instrumental in the design of Rocket, a revolutionary design that was the forerunner of modern locomotives. Both men were involved in planning and building railway lines, all over this country and abroad.
Joseph Swan demonstrated a working electric light bulb about a year before Thomas Edison did the same in the USA. This led to a dispute as to who had actually invented the light bulb. Eventually the two rivals agreed to form a mutual company between them, the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, known as Ediswan.
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine, for marine use and for power generation. He used Turbinia, a small, turbine-powered ship, to demonstrate the speed that a steam turbine could generate. Turbinia literally ran rings around the British Fleet at a review at Spithead in 1897.
William Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane that was installed in dockyards up and down the country. He then began to design light, accurate field guns for the British army. These were a vast improvement on the existing guns that were then in use.
The following major industries developed in Newcastle or its surrounding area:
Glassmaking
A small glass industry existed in Newcastle from the mid-15th century. In 1615 restrictions were put on the use of wood for manufacturing glass. It was found that glass could be manufactured using the local coal, and so a glassmaking industry grew up on Tyneside. Huguenot glassmakers came over from France as refugees from persecution and set up glasshouses in the Skinnerburn area of Newcastle. Eventually, glass production moved to the Ouseburn area of Newcastle. In 1684 the Dagnia family, Sephardic Jewish emigrants from Altare, arrived in Newcastle from Stourbridge and established glasshouses along the Close, to manufacture high quality flint glass. The glass manufacturers used sand ballast from the boats arriving in the river as the main raw material. The glassware was then exported in collier brigs. The period from 1730 to 1785 was the highpoint of Newcastle glass manufacture, when the local glassmakers produced the 'Newcastle Light Baluster'. The glassmaking industry still exists in the west end of the city with local Artist and Glassmaker Jane Charles carrying on over four hundred years of hot glass blowing in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Locomotive manufacture
In 1823 George Stephenson and his son Robert established the world's first locomotive factory near Forth Street in Newcastle. Here they built locomotives for the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as many others. It was here that the famous locomotive Rocket was designed and manufactured in preparation for the Rainhill Trials. Apart from building locomotives for the British market, the Newcastle works also produced locomotives for Europe and America. The Forth Street works continued to build locomotives until 1960.
Shipbuilding
In 1296 a wooden, 135 ft (41 m) long galley was constructed at the mouth of the Lort Burn in Newcastle, as part of a twenty-ship order from the king. The ship cost £205, and is the earliest record of shipbuilding in Newcastle. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. These wooden sailing ships were usually built locally, establishing local expertise in building ships. As ships changed from wood to steel, and from sail to steam, the local shipbuilding industry changed to build the new ships. Although shipbuilding was carried out up and down both sides of the river, the two main areas for building ships in Newcastle were Elswick, to the west, and Walker, to the east. By 1800 Tyneside was the third largest producer of ships in Britain. Unfortunately, after the Second World War, lack of modernisation and competition from abroad gradually caused the local industry to decline and die.
Armaments
In 1847 William Armstrong established a huge factory in Elswick, west of Newcastle. This was initially used to produce hydraulic cranes but subsequently began also to produce guns for both the army and the navy. After the Swing Bridge was built in 1876 allowing ships to pass up river, warships could have their armaments fitted alongside the Elswick works. Armstrong's company took over its industrial rival, Joseph Whitworth of Manchester in 1897.
Steam turbines
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Shortly after this, he realised that steam turbines could be used to propel ships and, in 1897, he founded a second company, Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company in Wallsend. It is there that he designed and manufactured Turbinia. Parsons turbines were initially used in warships but soon came to be used in merchant and passenger vessels, including the liner Mauretania which held the blue riband for the Atlantic crossing until 1929. Parsons' company in Heaton began to make turbo-generators for power stations and supplied power stations all over the world. The Heaton works, reduced in size, remains as part of the Siemens AG industrial giant.
Pottery
In 1762 the Maling pottery was founded in Sunderland by French Huguenots, but transferred to Newcastle in 1817. A factory was built in the Ouseburn area of the city. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. The pottery pioneered use of machines in making potteries as opposed to hand production. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The period up to the Second World War was the most profitable with a constant stream of new designs being introduced. However, after the war, production gradually declined and the company closed in 1963.
Expansion of the city
Newcastle was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835: the reformed municipal borough included the parishes of Byker, Elswick, Heaton, Jesmond, Newcastle All Saints, Newcastle St Andrew, Newcastle St John, Newcastle St Nicholas, and Westgate. The urban districts of Benwell and Fenham and Walker were added in 1904. In 1935, Newcastle gained Kenton and parts of the parishes of West Brunton, East Denton, Fawdon, Longbenton. The most recent expansion in Newcastle's boundaries took place under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, when Newcastle became a metropolitan borough, also including the urban districts of Gosforth and Newburn, and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington from the Castle Ward Rural District, and the village of Westerhope.
Meanwhile Northumberland County Council was formed under the Local Government Act 1888 and benefited from a dedicated meeting place when County Hall was completed in the Castle Garth area of Newcastle in 1910. Following the Local Government Act 1972 County Hall relocated to Morpeth in April 1981.
Twentieth century
In 1925 work began on a new high-level road bridge to span the Tyne Gorge between Newcastle and Gateshead. The capacity of the existing High-Level Bridge and Swing Bridge were being strained to the limit, and an additional bridge had been discussed for a long time. The contract was awarded to the Dorman Long Company and the bridge was finally opened by King George V in 1928. The road deck was 84 feet (26 m) above the river and was supported by a 531 feet (162 m) steel arch. The new Tyne Bridge quickly became a symbol for Newcastle and Tyneside, and remains so today.
During the Second World War, Newcastle was largely spared the horrors inflicted upon other British cities bombed during the Blitz. Although the armaments factories and shipyards along the River Tyne were targeted by the Luftwaffe, they largely escaped unscathed. Manors goods yard and railway terminal, to the east of the city centre, and the suburbs of Jesmond and Heaton suffered bombing during 1941. There were 141 deaths and 587 injuries, a relatively small figure compared to the casualties in other industrial centres of Britain.
In 1963 the city gained its own university, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, by act of parliament. A School of Medicine and Surgery had been established in Newcastle in 1834. This eventually developed into a college of medicine attached to Durham University. A college of physical science was also founded and became Armstrong College in 1904. In 1934 the two colleges merged to become King's College, Durham. This remained as part of Durham University until the new university was created in 1963. In 1992 the city gained its second university when Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status as Northumbria University.
Newcastle City Council moved to the new Newcastle Civic Centre in 1968.
As heavy industries declined in the second half of the 20th century, large sections of the city centre were demolished along with many areas of slum housing. The leading political figure in the city during the 1960s was T. Dan Smith who oversaw a massive building programme of highrise housing estates and authorised the demolition of a quarter of the Georgian Grainger Town to make way for Eldon Square Shopping Centre. Smith's control in Newcastle collapsed when it was exposed that he had used public contracts to advantage himself and his business associates and for a time Newcastle became a byword for civic corruption as depicted in the films Get Carter and Stormy Monday and in the television series Our Friends in the North. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. Northumberland Street, initially the A1, was gradually closed to traffic from the 1970s and completely pedestrianised by 1998.
In 1978 a new rapid transport system, the Metro, was built, linking the Tyneside area. The system opened in August 1980. A new bridge was built to carry the Metro across the river between Gateshead and Newcastle. This was the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, commonly known as the Metro Bridge. Eventually the Metro system was extended to reach Newcastle Airport in 1991, and in 2002 the Metro system was extended to the nearby city of Sunderland.
As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Shipping company offices had closed along with offices of firms related to shipping. There were also derelict warehouses lining the riverbank. Local government produced a master plan to re-develop the Newcastle quayside and this was begun in the 1990s. New offices, restaurants, bars and residential accommodation were built and the area has changed in the space of a few years into a vibrant area, partially returning the focus of Newcastle to the riverside, where it was in medieval times.
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, a foot and cycle bridge, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 413 feet (126 m) long, was completed in 2001. The road deck is in the form of a curve and is supported by a steel arch. To allow ships to pass, the whole structure, both arch and road-deck, rotates on huge bearings at either end so that the road deck is lifted. The bridge can be said to open and shut like a human eye. It is an important addition to the re-developed quayside area, providing a vital link between the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides.
Recent developments
Today the city is a vibrant centre for office and retail employment, but just a short distance away there are impoverished inner-city housing estates, in areas originally built to provide affordable housing for employees of the shipyards and other heavy industries that lined the River Tyne. In the 2010s Newcastle City Council began implementing plans to regenerate these depressed areas, such as those along the Ouseburn Valley.
The KOM League
Flash Report
For the week of
July 10 thru 16, 2016
Somehow another Flash Report was prepared this week in spite of what is going on in this crazy world. Writing these reports may be my way of coping with the whole sordid mess. If the events seen on TV and carried on the Internet depress you maybe you can take a few moments and scan this report which covers a wide range of topics that go as far back as 1881. If you don’t have the time or inclination to peruse this edition I direct your attention to the last story in this report and the historical photo that you will only see by clicking here: www.flickr.com/photos/60428361@N07/28138983596/
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Bartlesville Pirate passes away
www.legacy.com/obituaries/kansascity/obituary.aspx?n=PAUL...
Paul Frederick Monteil, Jr., 87, Lee's Summit, Mo., died peacefully in his sleep June 29, 2016. Paul was born in Kansas City, Mo., on Oct. 28, 1928, to Paul F. Monteil, Sr. and Alice Burke Monteil. Paul was preceded in death by parents, daughter, Rita Monteil and son, Joe Monteil. He is survived by his wife of 64 years, Eileen Halpin Monteil of the home, children and spouses, Marilyn Bernard (Marc) of Mitchell, SD, Patty Monteil- Mendicino (John) of Warson Woods, Mo., Paul Monteil III (Chris Hernandez) of Kansas City, Katie Carroll-Monteil (John) of Hong Kong, and Jim Monteil (Shelley) of Lee's Summit. He is also survived by his grandchildren, Brianna and Paul Bernard, Abby and Riley Monteil, and Emma Carroll-Monteil, and his in-laws, nieces and nephew.
Coach Monteil was best known for pacing the sidelines of football fields, mostly at O'Hara High School where he won the 1980 Missouri 3A state championship. Over 20 seasons he coached the Celtics to a 144-76-1 record. At O'Hara he also coached golf and basketball, and served as a teacher and athletic director. The school honored Paul in 2001 by naming its stadium "Paul Monteil Stadium." He was selected to Hall of Fames for the Missouri Football Coaches (1997) and the Greater Kansas City Football Coaches Association (2015), and named Western Missouri Coach of the Year (1980). But it was baseball that blessed Paul's early life.
He was a pro prospect as a second baseman, playing two seasons of minor league professional baseball in the Pittsburgh Pirates organization. More importantly, he met his wife Eileen after a baseball game. Paul was associated with Catholic schools his entire life, as a student and athlete at Blessed Sacrament, Rockhurst High School and College, and as a teacher and coach at De La Salle and O'Hara High School. The Monteil family lived on Booth Avenue, where their backyard overlooked the O'Hara practice field. The family could watch practices from the kitchen window, as well as enjoy beautiful sunsets. Paul and Eileen married on Sept. 8, 1951.
Paul worked at the family store, Monteil's Market, while starting a family with Eileen. His 50-year coaching career began in 1947 at De La Salle, assisting Godfrey Kobets. In 1960 he became a full time social studies teacher and head baseball coach. He was part of a close-knit group of coaches at De La Salle, friendships he valued his entire life. In 1967 Paul moved to O'Hara High School, where he taught and coached until his retirement in 1995. Paul had a close relationship with the Christian Brothers at both De La Salle and O'Hara, and was named an affiliate Christian Brother in 1982. Off the field, Paul enjoyed golfing, chocolate milkshakes, reading Westerns, watching the Chiefs and Royals, and spending weekends at the family cabin at Lake of the Ozarks. We are happy to report that even in his last days Paul retained his customary and beloved "twinkle in his eye" orneriness. As a coach he was known for motivating his teams with his fiery competitiveness. He was a humble leader who gave the credit for the team's success to his players and assistant coaches while always accepting the blame for losses. As a teacher his students enjoyed getting his class off track by getting him to tell stories about working in the grocery store and driving a Brink's truck. As an educator and coach, Paul had a great influence on the lives of his students, players, assistant coaches, and fellow educators. And we know he is reunited in Heaven with his children, Rita and Joe. In lieu of flowers, the family suggests donations to St. Regis or O'Hara schools. Visitation will be at 9:30 a.m. Tuesday, July 5, followed by a Mass of Christian Burial at Noon at St. Regis Catholic Church, 8941 James A. Reed Road, Kansas City, MO 64138. Burial will be in Mt. Olivet Cemetery. Offer condolences online at mcgilleystatelinechapel.com Arr.: McGilley State Line Chapel, 12301 State Line Rd., Kansas City, MO 64145 (816) 942-6180. M
Published in Kansas City Star on July 3, 2016
Ed comment:
Paul Monteil was found early in the process to identify former KOM leaguers. The newspapers of that era referred to him as “Sonny: Monteil a 19 year-old shortstop from Kansas City, Kansas. (The newspaper had the wrong state.) His career began in 1948 when he played for both New Iberia, LA of the Evangeline and Bartlesville, OK of the KOM leagues. He was limited to 11 games at shortstop that year for Bartlesville due them having an all-star shortstop by the name of Calvin Frazer.
In 1949 Monteil was back with Bartlesville for limited action and was then sent to Mt. Vernon, Ill. of the Mississippi Ohio Valley league. His primary reason for not staying with Bartlesville was due to the aforementioned Calvin Frazer.
Monteil was a member of the 1948 Bartlesville Pirates who had two other players with the nickname of “Sonny.” The others were Rolf Harald Moeller and Salvatore Raymond Catalano. For sure Bartlesville was “Sonnier” than any other team in KOM history and may have set the all-time professional baseball record for the most guys by that nickname on any team. With the passing of Monteil all the Sonny’s are gone. Catalano died in 1980 in Brooklyn, New York and Moeller did likewise in 2004 in Loomis, California.
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Another Kansas City reader who didn’t fare well. Subtitle: What happens in Las Vegas doesn’t stay in Las Vegas.
John: We just got back from a week in Las Vegas. While there, my wallet and phone were stolen and while at the police department reporting it, I passed out and was taken by ambulance to the hospital. After several labs and cardiology testing were complete, I had an angiogram that revealed a 95% blockage on the right side and now have a 'stint' souvenir from Las Vegas. Hospital stay: 4 nights and 5 days and the food was good! We have had to cancel our credit cards, changed a few bank accounts around, get a new driver’s license, medical cards and should be receiving my replacement phone today. What a VaCa!
I leave on AMTRAK Friday July 1 and come back Saturday July 9. Will be with sister in Fort Worth to visit her and other Texas family that I have not seen in 2.5 years. This has been planned for almost 2 months. I feel good and am going. Hope all is well on your end. Jim
Ed note:
That note was from fellow former batboy—Jim Jay. He was the Kansas City A’s batboy back in the 1956-57 era. So, he knows what hard times are in baseball circles. That experience probably toughened him up for his Vegas trip. He is proof that whatever happens in Vegas doesn’t stay there. He got out ASAP.
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Carthage Cubs of 1951
In the last couple of issues of the Flash Report some names have been shared of guys who were on the Carthage Cubs roster in 1950. There was a method in my madness or else it was a slow week and I was attempting to find something to write.
Over the years I have made a point that many guys who contributed to the league in some form or another were never recognized. The term “less thans” has been applied to those who appeared as position players in less than 10 games or pitchers who threw less than 45 innings. However, the document from which that information was gleaned “The Official Baseball Guide,” published by the Sporting News, didn’t use the term “less thans” they were more positive. You might have guessed I’m not in love with the negative terminology used currently.
In 24 years of research I believe there were 1,588, plus or minus less than a dozen, young men to don a KOM league uniform for a regular season game. If you were to go back to the Baseball Guides for the years the KOM league operated you’d see roughly 930 names. The difference in the numbers was that roughly 650 players didn’t meet the 10 games played or 45 innings pitched plateau.
Often I have speculated as to the number of young men who showed up for spring training or during the regular season who didn’t see any game action. The only two documents I have to gauge the “non-players” are the official files of the 1946-47 Miami Blues/Owls and the 1950-51 Carthage Cubs.
With the KOM league operating with both independent as well as major league affiliated teams many players “passed in the night.” The independent teams included Miami, Chanute and Iola at various times while both Chanute and Iola had major league affiliation at times. Both Chanute and Miami were farm clubs of the Topeka Owls at different times.
During the seven year history of the league there were either six or eight teams comprising it. In total there were 50 teams covering that span. In that period the complete rosters for an entire season ranged between 24 and 50 individuals. Some wags called the KOM the “Keep on Moving league.” For most of each season the rosters were limited to 15. At the start and end of the season the teams could carry additional players.
Going back to the numbers cited of former KOM leaguers I would conservatively estimate that the 50 teams in league history had 15 players in the spring or added during the season that didn’t play in a single game. That would mean another 750 players who thought they had a chance at playing professional baseball. So, what I have done with the 1950 Carthage Cubs in previous reports and what is contained in the following article is an attempt to document the breadth of the outreach of a Class D operation.
Owners for independent teams advertised in local newspapers and even The Sporting News for players to try out for their club. One KOM newspaper even wrote, in 1950, that Iola and Chanute were advertising on bulletin boards in Kansas City post offices for players. Of course, that is where the FBI’s 10 MOST WANTED criminals were featured.
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1951 Carthage Cubs
The regular season roster for this team included the following individuals for whom I have biographical information that is available but not included in this report: Living members from that team are: Ernie Aiken, Water Babcock, Fred Bade, Wayne Baker, Bill Bauernfeind, George Beck, Don Biebel, Len Bourdet, J. J. Conroy, Richard Gintert, Tom Kordas, John Mudd, Bernie Tomicki, Orville Jacobs and Leonard Van de Hey. One other guy, who was batboy for that team, wrote this article and I assume he is still with us. I’ll check that out with my wife.
Last First Middle
Aiken Ernest William
Anderson Donald Edward
Babcock Walter Edward
Bade Frederick H.
Baker Nolan Wayne
Bauernfeind William S.
Beck George John
Biebel Donald Floyd
Bourdet Malcolm Leonard
Coffman Burton Laverne
Conroy JosephJames
Eastburn William Ellsworth
Gintert Richard Earle
Handzo Jr.John G.
Hicks Gary Benton
Jacobs Orville Mayburn
Koehler Walter Theodore
Kordas Thomas George
Lovely Jr. Vernon Scott
McClure Jr. Leonard Stephen "Bud"
McMichael Robert James
Millan Bruce E.
Milster Jack Harland
Mudd John David
Oxford Russell Charles
Paddock Thomas Edward
Reitz Albert Joseph (Manager)
Sorensen Jr .Leroy Stephen
Straub Stanton Wayne
Tomicki Bernard John
Tompkins Burton A.
Vandehey Leonard Elmer
Ward Norman Dale
Zimmer Duane Eugene
Young men who showed up for spring training or joined team later but never saw game action
***
Jack Garrett
All that is known is that he was a pitcher who Carthage spent $78 on for transportation to join the club. No evidence he ever signed a contract. He didn’t get any money for transportation home.
***
Jack Clayton Jean
Born: 10/11/1933 Atlantic, IA (Lived in Adair, IA when signed by Cubs)
Died: 2/ 20/1997 Colorado Springs, Colo.
Reported 6/6/1951
Disabled list 7/3/1951—Injury listed as pulled leg muscle.
Roomed with Fred Bade at 428 Sycamore St. while with Carthage. That was contained in official Carthage records on Aug. 3, 1951.
1952 Blackwell, OK
.
***
Robert Westgate (No middle name)
Born: 2/5/1932 Chicago, Ill.
Died: 12/27/1980 Hobart, Ind.
Graduate of Foreman High School in Chicago--1950
Played for Sioux Falls, SD until 7/30/1951
Reported 8/1/1951 to Carthage
Placed on disabled list and never pitched for Carthage. He had turned his ankle while with Sioux Falls three days before they sent him to Carthage “thinking” he was okay. 1952 on rosters at Topeka, Janesville, Wis. and Blackwell. Okla.
Served in U. S. Army from 10/8/1952 to 9/9/1954
Occupation: Worked for Rockford Life Ins. Company in Hobart, Ind.
Death certificate shows he died of a massive myocardial infarction at St. Mary’s Med. Center in Hobart, Ind.
Warning: If anyone attempts to follow the life of Robert Westgate on Ancestry.com there is a Jack Anderson who has the mirror image life of Westgate. In fact, those names are intertwined to the point that Robert Westgate had two sons and those sons are also shown as sons of Jack Anderson. My conclusion—Ancestry.com doesn’t always have the correct information. Or else Westgate had an alias of Jack Anderson.
***
Frank Henry Bendlage—Ft. Madison, IA
Born: 4 Oct 1932- Fort Madison, Lee, Iowa, USA
Death: 21 Jul 2002 - Fort Madison, Lee, Iowa, USA
CPL US ARMY KOREA
Cemetery: Oakland Cemetery 40th St & Ave L Fort Madison, IA
www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=110951...
***
William E. Hurr—Forsyth, Mont.
Birth Date: 1/8/1932
Marriage Date: 23 Aug 1951
Marriage Place: Lame Deer, Rosebud, Montana
Current residence: Billings, Mt
****
Jacob Henry Jacobsen—Homer, Neb.
Birth : 11/1/1931 Homer, Neb.
Death: 1/2/1992 Riverside, CA.
Had played with Carthage in 1950.
Jacobsen sent a letter in 1951 asking to be released from his professional contract and Carthage sent their response to “Jacob Jackson.” They wanted a share of his bonus money before granting a release.
****
Donald P. Annen—Madison, WI
Born: 7/26/1926 Madison, WI
Had been with Carthage in 1950 and left town with Topeka after spring training at Carthage.
Occupation: Fireman with City of Madison
Still resides in Madison, WI and used to read these reports until he got tired of seeing how many of his former teammates were being reported as having passed away.
***
Robert James Lowrey—Lafayette, Ind.
Born: 2/14/1932—St. Vincent’s Hosp. Lafayette, Ind.
Died: 5/27/1996 Lafayette, Ind. St. Vincent’s Hospital
Find –A-Grave site: www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=742456...
First Marriage: Lucille Lietchy 3/9/1963
Second Marriage: Georgia Anna Melboom 2/15/1968
Robert was a Purdue Univ. graduate.
Occupation: Insurance Agent for Western Southern
Great Internet documentation on him from birth to death certificate.
***
Parker Dean Pyatt—Granville, Ill.
Born: 11/02/1931 Granville, Ill.
Died: 8/26/1984 Las Vegas, NV
Occupation at time of death—farmer
Burial: Granville Cemetery Putnam County Illinois, USA--Plot: Block A, Lot 26, Grave 2
Find-A-Grave citation--http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=42320815
Place of Residence: Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada
Funeral Director: Gary R. Davis, Davis Paradise Valley Funeral Home, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Dysart Funeral Chapel, Granville, Illinois
Married Beverly J. Scott
Source: State of Nevada Burial Permit
Family links: Parents: Roy Pyatt (____ - 1963)
Arlyne Kathryn Matson Pyatt (1908 - 1988)
***
Charles Louis Yerbic—Dunfermline, Ill.
Born: June 21, 1932 Dunfermline, Ill.
Released by Carthage May 1, 1951
Died: December 21, 2005 Grand Junction, Colo.
Served in U. S. Navy 1952-1956
Ed comment:
Contact was first made with Charles Yerbic, around 1994, when I was writing my first book about the KOM league. He told of pitching the last pre-season exhibition games for Carthage against the Alba, MO Aces an amateur team that once gave all the Boyer brothers a chance to hone their baseball skills. Carthage won that game 5-3 but Yerbic was cut the next day.
There was great anticipation on the part of Yerbic’s family, so much so that on January 22nd, 1951 his older brother (by 14 years) wrote the following on the letterhead of KGRH Broadcasting Company in Fayetteville, Ark. to the Carthage Chamber of Commerce. “This is to express my interest in subscribing to your local newspaper for a period of three (3) months. This special interest is brought about by the fact that my younger brother, CHARLES YERBIC is due to report to your baseball club this spring, having been given a contact with the Chicago Cubs. I would very much like to follow his activities and progress with your local club. Whatever you can do in this regard, I would appreciate very much. Very truly yours, Stephen L. Starwyck.”
That letter now raises a couple of questions. First, did Starwyck have to pay for the paper since his younger brother didn’t make the team? Secondly, was Starwyck Stephen’s radio name or was he and Yerbic step brothers? Well, I didn’t want to leave that question unanswered.
(Obituary: STARWYCK, Capt. Stephen Louis was born Dec. 19, 1918 and went home to the Lord on Dec. 7, 2011. Born to the late Katherine and Kazamir Starcevich in Kirksville, MO, he graduated from Lewiston High School in 1936 and enlisted in the Navy in August of the same year. After 11 years of straight sea duty which involved major engagements, he immediately accepted appointment in the Naval Reserve where he rose to the rank of Captain) In tracking the Starcevich family it is obvious the Austrian family descendants changed the spelling of the last to Starwyck. Kazamir Starcevich died in 1929 leaving his wife Katherine a widow. Charles Yerbic’s father married the former Katherine Starcevich/Starwyck around 1930. That is the brief story.
Obituary:
This link contains the only photo of Yerbic I ever saw. www.legacy.com/obituaries/gjsentinel/obituary.aspx?n=char...
Charles L. Yerbic (Chuck) peacefully passed away at St. Mary's Hospital on December 21st after a short illness. A Mass will be held at St. Joseph Catholic Church at 10 a.m., Tuesday, December 27th in Grand Junction. The son of James and Katherine Yerbic, Chuck was born and raised in Dunfermline, Illinois. He served in the Navy for two years then attended the University of Oklahoma before graduating from Central State College with a Bachelor's degree in business. He and his wife of 39 years, Patricia Yerbic raised six sons of whom they were both very proud. He worked for General Motors for several years in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and owned and managed Yerbic Motors in Greeley, Colorado. Chuck loved spending time with his family and traveling, and he showed a fine example of leadership and inspiration. He is preceded in death by his parents, six brothers, three sisters, his wife Patricia, and his adult son Rick. Survivors include sons: Chip (and daughter-in-law Karina), Kip, Mike, Mark (and daughter-in-law Gail) and Jim; grandchildren: Jemeleh, Landon, Lyndsay, Turner and Gregory. He is also survived by his very dear friend, Giselle Roberts. Chuck will be greatly missed and remembered with love forever. Memorial contributions can be made to St. Joseph Catholic Church, 230 N. 3rd St., Grand Junction, CO 81501. Published in The Daily Sentinel on Dec. 25, 2005
***
Richard S. Ziegler—Affinity, W. VA.
Born: 1931 Affinity, WVA—small mining town in the Appalachian Coal fields. See this link: www.coalcampusa.com/sowv/gulf/affinity/affinity.htm
Last known address Charles Town, WVA. (Not to be confused with Charleston)
Had played with Springfield, Ill. and Spindale, NC in 1950.
Have placed a telephone call to him and left message.
***
Hugh Alan Wolf—Indianapolis, Ind.
Born: 6/26/1931 Indianapolis St. Vincent’s Hospital
Graduate: Broad Ripple High School 1949 played on undefeated high school baseball team.
Wolf’s father sent a letter to the Cubs asking that they release his son so he could play amateur ball in Indianapolis.
Released by Chicago Cubs May 16, 1951
Attended Butler University in Indianapolis
Last known whereabouts: Carmel, Ind. in 1993.
***
Emil Borgini—Mt. Clare, Ill. (Carthage office files listed him as Fred )
Born: 11/27/1929 Mt. Clare, Ill.
Death: Feb. 27, 2003 Springfield, Sangamon County, Illinois
Obituary:
Emil Borgini, 73, of Mount Clare died Thursday, Feb. 27, 2003, at Memorial Medical Center. He was born Nov. 27, 1929, in Mount Clare, the son of Virgil and Helen Chelli Borgini. He married Ethel Taylor in 1951 in Gillespie. Mr. Borgini, a 1947 graduate of Benld Township High School, received a bachelor's degree from Blackburn College and a master's degree from Southern Illinois University of Edwardsville. He was a catcher for the Chicago Cubs from 1948-51. He was U.S. Navy veteran of the Korean War. Following his military service, he was a catcher for the Chicago Cubs minor league organization in 1953. He retired as a high school teacher for Benld High School, were he coached basketball. He also had been a high school teacher and principal for Gillespie High School, where he also was the baseball coach and an assistant football coach, and had been the unit district superintendent. He was a member of Benld Lions Club, Benld Owls, VFW Post 4547 of Gillespie and was an adult driver education instructor. He was a board member of Macoupin County Housing Authority, Community Memorial Hospital in Staunton and Gillespie-Benld Area Ambulance Service. Survivors: wife, Ethel; a son, Don (wife, Kathy) Borgini of Carlinville; a daughter, Lynn Borgini of Chicago; two grandchildren; mother, Helen Borgini of Mount Clare; and a brother, Fred Borgini of Haddonfield, N.J. Services: 10:30 a.m. Monday, Kravanya Funeral Home, Gillespie, the Rev. Donna Snyder officiating. Burial: Gillespie City Cemetery.
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***
Robert Edward Schnabel—Eola, Ill. (In a recent report it was indicated he might still be alive.)
Born: June 16, 1932 Eola, Ill.
Died: November 30, 2010 Eola, Ill
Graduated St. Rita of Cascia High School –Chicago
Basketball photo in high school yearbook stated he was “long-limbed, 6’3” center who was willing to learn and always improving.
Also in spring training with Carthage in 1950
Graduate of DePaul Univ. 1952 with B. S. Degree in Chemistry.
Joined the U. S. Air Force after college and attained rank of Sergeant First Class
Find –A Grave:
www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=137663...
***
William Lacy Garten—Hinton, W. Va
Obituary: This provides all the pertinent information.
William Lacy "Bill" Garten, 79 of Hinton died Friday morning May 2, 2008 in Summers County A.R.H. in Hinton following a lengthy illness.
Born June 9, 1928 at Garten in Fayette County, he was the son of the late Lacy A. & Randolph Myers Garten.
Mr. Garten was a 1945 graduate of Fayetteville High School, lettering in football, basketball & track. He participated in the 1945 North-South Football Game. He was awarded a basketball scholarship by West Virginia University and attended the school until transferring to Concord College in 1946. He lettered in football, basketball & baseball at Concord and was selected All Conference in football in 1949.
In 1950, Bill signed a baseball contract with the Chicago Cubs, and played in the Appalachian & Western Carolina Leagues. He was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1952 and served his country in the Korean Conflict. Upon his release in 1954, he started his teaching career at Hinton High School and was assistant football coach and head basketball and baseball coach at Hinton from 1955-1956. In 1957, he was named head football, basketball and baseball coach a Hinton High. He also served as track coach for 2 years. His accomplishments as football coach consisted of leading the Bobcats to the state finals in 1963, losing to Ceredo-Kenova, and winning the state class AA football championship in 1968, defeating Oceana 9-0. He retired as football coach after the 1978 season. He taught social studies and physical education for 30 years at Hinton High, retiring in 1985. His impact and guidance on young student athletes was immeasurable. In 2001, Summers County High School, which succeeded Hinton High School, renamed their football stadium, Garten Stadium, in honor of Coach Garten.
He was an avid outdoorsman and enjoyed hunting grouse, turkey & deer. He also loved fishing for trout, bass & channel cats. He was a member of the Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks, serving as Past Exalted Ruler, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Willow Wood Country Club & the Retired Teachers Associations. Bill was also a member of the Hinton First Presbyterian Church.
Survivors include his wife of 58 years, Elaine Bradley Garten. One son, Bill & wife Luci Garten of Nashville, TN. One daughter, Sally Garten of Barger Springs. One granddaughter, Lacy Garten.
Memorial services will be held at 11:00 a.m. Wednesday May 7, 2008 at Hinton First Presbyterian Church with Rev. Dr. Barbara Romfo officiating. Private interment will be in Restwood Memorial Gardens in Hinton.
***
James Kenneth Grubb
Born: 12/3/1926 Kankakee, Ill
Died: 1/8/1960 Chicago, Ill
Married Shirley Jean Alexander at Edwardsville, Ill. in 1950. She lived until 2007.
Paris, Ill begged Carthage to release Grubb to them in the spring of 1951 and they did and he won 15 games for them.
Having died just short of his 34th birthday raises a question I can’t answer. Maybe someone out there knows the details of his death. (Ed note: That is a subtle hint to baseball necrologist, Jack Morris to work his magic on “My Heritage.”)
***
Nicholas C. Agnos—Rochelle, Ill.
Born: 10/20/1930 Rochelle, Ill.
Baseball career: Played for Danville, Ill., Janesville, WI, Monroe, LA, and Carlsbad, NM between the years 1951 to 1956.
Current location. Still living with his wife, Connie, in Rochelle, Ill.
***
Jacob J. “Jake” Dwyer (This is the only information I could find or this man)
Mr. Dwyer may have been from Lacrosse, Wisc. but I can’t state that without reservation. So, I won’t.
In a letter from Lee Newman, President of the Carthage Baseball Assn., to Jack Sheehan of the Chicago Cubs, on July 9, 1951, it stated that C. J. Dwyer was owed money for spring training expenses. That letter also expressed the Carthage Baseball club’s regret that Don Anderson had been released as manager that same day. Newman expressed the sentiment Anderson was an honest man and they hoped the Cubs would find another place for him in the organization.
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KOM league supervisor of umpires 1950
For a long time I’ve wanted to write an article about a very popular figure in baseball circles in Southwest Missouri.
Up to 1950 the supervisor of umpires for the KOM league was Ward Elmer Mohs a postal worker from Tulsa, OK. Stories about the things Mohs endured as an umpire is the stuff of which reams are written. But, this segment is dedicated to his successor.
With the start of the 1950 season, league president E. L. Dale called on Joplin, Mo. baseball legend, Joe Becker to fill the role vacated by Mohs.
No one could have been more qualified for the head of umpires than a man born August 3, 1881 in Stupferich, Baden Germany. Joseph Jacob Becker was his name. By the turn of the 20th century the Becker’s had migrated to the United States. Of his six brothers and sisters they were all born in Chicago between the years 1886 and 1896.
On October 1, 1901 Becker married Wilhelmina Nicolei in Chicago. He began raising a family there where he had three sons and one daughter between 1902 and 1908. By the time he registered for the draft in 1917 he was 37 years of age and listed his occupation as a printer for the Chicago Daily News. That was his winter job. The other job started in 1911 when he took on a career in umpiring. In documentation from The Sporting News umpire cards this is a brief summary of his career:
1911-12-13-- Umpire in the Wisconsin State Illinois league
1914-15—Umpire Western Canada league
1916—Three I league
1920-1921—Western league
1922-23-24-25-26-27-28-Pacific Coast league
1929-30—International league.
Between the years 1908 and 1921 his wife, Wilhelmina passed away. On April 4, 1921 he married Daisy Harnish. In 1930 the Federal Census showed him as divorced and living at the Keystone Hotel in Joplin, MO. He worked as a proof reader for the Joplin Globe and scouted for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1930 through 1935. In 1936 he was hired as the business manager of the Western Assn. Joplin Miners club. He held that position through the 1940 season.
In 1941 Becker still worked for the Joplin Globe and scouted for the Boston Red Sox. In 1942 the New York Yankees hired him in a similar role. With WW II in full swing there wasn’t much scouting going on in 1943 so he spent most of his energy working for the Globe. In 1944 the Red Sox again hired him to be their scout in the four state area of Southwest Missouri, Northeast Arkansas, Northwest Oklahoma and Southeast Kansas. That job lasted until 1949.
One of the recommendations Becker made to the Red Sox began in earnest, in 1948. Becker knew every baseball person in his area and was a great friend of Barney Barnett of Baxter Springs, Kansas. When Barney formed his first version of the Baxter Springs Whiz Kids, in 1944, they didn’t have uniforms. Becker, from his role as the business manager of the Joplin Miners, a couple of years earlier knew where the Miners old uniforms were stored. They were the home uniforms of the 1939 New York Yankees that had been sent to Joplin for the Miners to wear in 1941-42. Becker obtained the uniforms and gave them to Barnett who outfitted his team of young men in uniforms that were many sizes too large for them but at least they had uniforms. I have a photo of those young men in those Yankee/Miner uniforms as they posed in front of Barnett’s home in 1944. I may have to dig that out sometime and put it on Flickr. When Barnett was through with those uniforms they were claimed by a mining team called “The Bar Hill Miners.”
Note: A day later I dug up the first Whiz Kid photo and to see it you’ll have to visit this site: www.flickr.com/photos/60428361@N07/28138983596/ All the players are wearing Yankee uniforms with the exception of Ben Craig. Craig is the man mentioned in a Flash Report, a couple of weeks ago, who wants his ashes scattered in the Kansas City, KS area. If you missed that story or want to see it again, let me know. These are the Whiz Kids in the photo that is attached to this report on the Flickr site. Photo was taken in front of the home of Barney Barnett in Baxter Springs, Kansas—June 22, 1944
Left to right: Bill Crow, Sonny Helms, Charles “Frog” Heavin, Dean Cannon, Calvin Mischler, Cecil Crow, Barney Barnett, Guy Crow-Kneeling-batboy, Ben Craig, Jack Moore, Dick Barnett, Bob (Bocky) Myers and Elmer Weaver. (The only living members from that photo are Charles Heavin and Ben Craig. Craig was the only Whiz Kid not wearing a New York Yankee jersey. For historical perspective this team predated Mickey Mantle joining them by three years.)
To make a long story even more so, Becker hung out at Baxter Springs to the point that if you ever see a photo, like one of the 1947 versions of the Whiz Kids and an older gentleman in the back row wearing a light colored hat, that was Becker. Over and over he called the Red Sox front office telling them about the Baxter Springs shortstop and that they should allow him to offer Mickey Mantle’s dad enough money in order to make Mantle the property of the Red Sox. But, there was no interest in him by the “Bean-Towners.”
By virtue of the KOM league hiring Becker, in 1950, as their supervisor of umpires, which basically ended his scouting and active umpiring career. He had some decisions to make such as recommending the firing of Davey Crockett, that year, for changing his calls on two occasions and causing havoc that league president E. L. Dale didn’t want.
Becker lived another seven years following his season as head of KOM umpires. He was involved in the social life of Joplin as well as other things. Age the age of 72, in 1953, he was involved in an automobile accident , in Joplin, and it occurred when he ran a stop sign and hit another car. Four years later he passed away on Christmas Eve.
When he passed away the old ballpark in Joplin was still called, Miner’s Park. However, under the urging of local baseball enthusiasts such as former big leaguers Ferrell Anderson and Al Gerheauser, the ballpark was named Joe Becker Stadium. Having the ballpark named after him was quite an accomplishment for Joplin was also called “home” by Charles Evard “Gabby” Street. www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&am...
There were many baseball people who confused Joe Becker of Joplin with Joe Becker of St. Louis. When the Duluth Dukes experienced their bus crash in 1948 many thought that the Joe Becker Jr. who was in that crash was from Joplin. Joe Becker, from Joplin had a son but he was born in 1904 and never played professional baseball.
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I'm done!!!
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on Place Saint-Gervais in the Marais district, east of City Hall (Hôtel de Ville). The current church was built between 1494 and 1657, on the site of two earlier churches; the facade, completed last, was the first example of the French baroque style in Paris. The organists of the church included Louis Couperin and his nephew François Couperin, two of the most celebrated composers and musicians of the Baroque period; the organ they used can still be seen today. The church contains remarkable examples of medieval carved choir stalls, stained glass from the 16th century, 17th century sculpture, and modern stained glass by Sylvie Gaudin and Claude Courageux. Saint-Gervais was a parish church until 1975, when it became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem.
History
A church dedicated to Saints Gervasius and Protasius, two Christian martyrs from Milan, is recorded as existing on the site in the 7th century, making it one of the first parish churches on the right bank in Paris. It was attended mostly by boatmen and fishermen, because it was close to the river port at the Place de Grève. It was built on a slight hill, the Monceau Saint-Gervais, to be safe from the floods of the Seine. After the completion of the wall of Philippe-Auguste, built between 1190 and 1209, the neighborhood was protected against attack and the population began to grow. The church had come under the sponsorship of several of the important confreries or guilds of Paris, including the wine-merchants. With their financial help, a larger church was built on the site in the early 13th century. .[1]
Construction of the present church began in 1494, but was delayed by the Wars of religion and by a shortage of funds. It was begun in the Gothic style; the chapels of the apse were finished in 1530 and the transept in 1578.[2] While the interior of the church was largely Gothic, the facade was built in an original new style, the French Baroque, on a plan by architect Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626). The first stone of the facade was placed by the young King Louis XIII in 1616. Between 1600 and 1628, a second row of chapels was built on the north side including the golden chapel ornamented with painted woodwork.[3]
During the 17th and 18th century the church was attended by many members of the aristocratic families who lived in the Marais, including Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, and the Chancellor of Louis XIV, Michel Le Tellier, whose funeral monument is found in the church.
Beginning in 1653, the church employed and sheltered the Couperin family, one of the most famous dynasties of French musicians, for more than two centuries. On one side of the church, the home of the celebrated harpsichordists, organists, and composers still stands, with a plaque commemorating the Couperins' tenure. The organ used by Louis and François Couperin still exists today inside the church; it was built by the most famous organ builders of the time, François-Henri Clicquot, Louis-Alexandre Clicquot, and Robert Clicquot.
In the 18th century, the facade of the church was greatly admired, though it was nearly blocked from view by a row of houses. Voltaire wrote, "It is a masterpiece which is lacking nothing except a place from which to see it." The houses blocking the view were finally demolished in 1854, opening up the view of the facade. .[4]
During the French Revolution, the church was emptied of many of its treasures and turned into a Temple of Reason and Youth, before being returned to the Church in 1802.
On 29 March 1918, a German shell, fired by the long-range "Paris Gun", fell on the church, killing 91 people and wounding 68 others; the explosion collapsed the roof when a Good Friday service was in progress. This was the worst single incident involving a loss of civilian lives during the German bombardment of Paris in 1918.[5] Among those killed was Rose-Marie Ormond Andre-Michel, the niece and a favorite model of John Singer Sargent.[6]
In 1975 the church became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem, founded in that same year by Père Pierre-Marie Delfieu with the authorisation of the then Archbishop of Paris, François Marty. The order is devoted to carrying on monastic life in an urban context; most of its members work part-time in civil occupations. The church is known for its distinctive and ecumenical liturgy; for example, adopting Lutheran hymn music and Orthodox troparia. The order has founded several other communities in France, at Mont St. Michel, Vezelay, and Magdala Sologne and elsewhere in Europe, in Florence, Brussels, Cologne, Warsaw, and Montreal.
Five new stained glass windows by Sylvie Gaudin were added to the southwest chevet of the church in 1993–95. Another series of six windows by Claude Courageux was added in the early 2000s in the upper level of the church, in the south nave, the transept and the choir, replacing those destroyed over the centuries.[7]
Facade
The facade of the church was begun in 1616, well after the nave of the church, with the cornerstone laid by Louis XIII. The design was by Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626), whose other major Paris work was the Luxembourg Palace. While the nave of the church was late or flamboyant gothic, the facade introduced an entirely new classical style, which opened the way for the French Baroque. The facade placed the three classical orders of architecture one atop the other. The ground floor featured three bays with pairs of columns with capitals of the simplest Doric order, with a classical pediment. Above this is a level of three bays with columns of the ionic order, and above that is a single bay with paired columns of the Corinthian order, holding up a curved pediment. In order to attach the new facade to the gothic portion of the church, de Brosse designed a traverse and two semicircular chapels on either side of the facade. The facade served as model for other churches in France and Europe, most notably the church of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, the church of the Jesuits, not far away in the Marais, which was the first church in Paris built entirely in the new style. [8]
Since the Middle Ages, an elm tree has been planted in front of the church; it served as a meeting place, and a place where disputes were sometimes settled by judges. The trees were replanted regularly over the centuries. Carvings of the trees from earlier centuries are found on the walls of some of the neighboring buildings.
Nave
The nave of the church (1600–1620) is notable for its dramatic height and the simplicity and purity of its lines. While the lower level of the nave is late gothic, the upper level of the nave shows the influence of the Renaissance, with large semi-circular arches containing a series of large stained glass windows, filling the church with light. The upper windows are 21st-century, by Claude Courageux, illustrating the story of Adam and Eve, Noah's ark, and the patriarchs and their spouses. The ceiling of the nave, where the arches of the walls come together in an elaborate embroidery, symbolizes the vaults of heaven.
Choir stalls
The wooden choir stalls (16th–17th century), from the reigns of François I and Henri II, are richly carved with scenes of daily life, the different professions, and grotesque animals. Out of sight from those attending mass, they were designed as a place where the Canons of the church could relax during the service. Some of the figures were too intimate for more puritanical later centuries, and had to be censored, including a carved image of a man and woman bathing together.[8]
Chapel of the Virgin
The chapel of the Virgin, at the back of the church, has a dramatic late gothic vaulted ceiling, featuring a hanging crown of stone 2.5 meters in diameter, and abstract designs resembling flames. The room is often used for silent meditation by church visitors. The chapel has some of the oldest stained glass windows in the flamboyant gothic style, made by Jean Chastellain in 1517, illustrating the life of the Virgin Mary. [8] Another remarkable window by Chastellain, "The Judgement of Solomon", made in 1533 in the colorful Renaissance style, is found in a side chapel.
Painting and sculpture
The church contains a number of notable works of art.
- A painting by the Venetian artist Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734), Saint Gregory the Great and Saint Vital intercede for the souls in Pugatory, located in the Chapel of Saint Philomene. This was brought from Venice to Paris by Napoleon after his Italian campaign.
- The paintings The Beheading of John the Baptist and The Adoration of the Magi by Claude Vignon (1593–1670), located in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- A statue of Christ carved in oak by Antoine-Augustin Préault (1809-1879) in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- Statues from the funeral monument of Michel Tellier (1603–1685) the Chancellor of Louis XIV, by Pierre Mazeline (1632–1685) and Simon Hurtelle (1648–1724). The figures include the Chancellor, in prayer; a weeping 'genie' praying at his feet; and two draped figures representing Faith and Religion. Two other figures from the group, Justice and Prudence, are found in the Louvre.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St-Gervais-et-St-Protais
---------------------------------------
St Gervais et St Protais has 21 mid 16th century misericords and 21 early 17th century misericords.
More information can be found here:-
www.misericords.co.uk/stgervaisandstprotais.html
————————————
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church - Paris
A church dedicated to the twin martyrs Gervais and Protais
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church is located on the eastern side of the Hôtel-de-Ville.
It stands on a hillock known as Monceau Saint-Gervais and replaced the Chapelle Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais.
This chapel served the fishing village that developed on the small mound during the 5th century. This community was one of the few on the Rive Droite, which then was a vast marsh today known as Marais.
The chapel was dedicated to the twin Roman officers who were martyred under the reign of Nero (1st century AD).
Place Saint-Gervais, the church square was initially called Carrefour de l'Orme. It was named after the huge elm that marked its centre and was felled at the French Revolution.
It was enlarged and renamed during Haussmann's renovation of Paris of the mid 19th century.
The cemetery was decommissioned in 1765 to give way to Place Baudoyer, the square that serves the town hall of the 4th district.
Sarcophagi and burial artifacts dating back to the 1st century AD were discovered during construction works.
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church ,is a fine illustration of French architecture.
The Hôtel-de-Ville district developed in the 13th century and gave rise to a thriving community. The little Saint Gervais Saint Protais Chapel became obsolete, a larger church was much needed!
However, the construction of the new church dragged on from 1494 to 1660 due to the lack of funds.
Amazingly, this slow progress turned Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church into a perfect illustration of the evolution of French architecture.
Salomon de Brosse designed the French Baroque (Jesuit Style) facade with the three classical orders, the first of its style in Paris.
The 25m high Gothic Flamboyant nave and the 16th and 17th century stained glass windows are equally impressive.
Francois-Henri Clicquot built the organ in 1601. The wind-chests, reeds and two-thirds of its stops are original and turn the instrument into one of the oldest organs in Paris.
The composer François Couperin is among the prestigious organists who played in Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church, which is to this day a major centre of Sacred Music.
The church has two other, but smaller, organs which are located in the side chapels
www.travelfranceonline.com/saint-gervais-saint-protais-ch...
See also:-
www.spottinghistory.com/view/4397/st-gervais-et-st-protai...
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on Place Saint-Gervais in the Marais district, east of City Hall (Hôtel de Ville). The current church was built between 1494 and 1657, on the site of two earlier churches; the facade, completed last, was the first example of the French baroque style in Paris. The organists of the church included Louis Couperin and his nephew François Couperin, two of the most celebrated composers and musicians of the Baroque period; the organ they used can still be seen today. The church contains remarkable examples of medieval carved choir stalls, stained glass from the 16th century, 17th century sculpture, and modern stained glass by Sylvie Gaudin and Claude Courageux. Saint-Gervais was a parish church until 1975, when it became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem.
History
A church dedicated to Saints Gervasius and Protasius, two Christian martyrs from Milan, is recorded as existing on the site in the 7th century, making it one of the first parish churches on the right bank in Paris. It was attended mostly by boatmen and fishermen, because it was close to the river port at the Place de Grève. It was built on a slight hill, the Monceau Saint-Gervais, to be safe from the floods of the Seine. After the completion of the wall of Philippe-Auguste, built between 1190 and 1209, the neighborhood was protected against attack and the population began to grow. The church had come under the sponsorship of several of the important confreries or guilds of Paris, including the wine-merchants. With their financial help, a larger church was built on the site in the early 13th century. .[1]
Construction of the present church began in 1494, but was delayed by the Wars of religion and by a shortage of funds. It was begun in the Gothic style; the chapels of the apse were finished in 1530 and the transept in 1578.[2] While the interior of the church was largely Gothic, the facade was built in an original new style, the French Baroque, on a plan by architect Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626). The first stone of the facade was placed by the young King Louis XIII in 1616. Between 1600 and 1628, a second row of chapels was built on the north side including the golden chapel ornamented with painted woodwork.[3]
During the 17th and 18th century the church was attended by many members of the aristocratic families who lived in the Marais, including Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, and the Chancellor of Louis XIV, Michel Le Tellier, whose funeral monument is found in the church.
Beginning in 1653, the church employed and sheltered the Couperin family, one of the most famous dynasties of French musicians, for more than two centuries. On one side of the church, the home of the celebrated harpsichordists, organists, and composers still stands, with a plaque commemorating the Couperins' tenure. The organ used by Louis and François Couperin still exists today inside the church; it was built by the most famous organ builders of the time, François-Henri Clicquot, Louis-Alexandre Clicquot, and Robert Clicquot.
In the 18th century, the facade of the church was greatly admired, though it was nearly blocked from view by a row of houses. Voltaire wrote, "It is a masterpiece which is lacking nothing except a place from which to see it." The houses blocking the view were finally demolished in 1854, opening up the view of the facade. .[4]
During the French Revolution, the church was emptied of many of its treasures and turned into a Temple of Reason and Youth, before being returned to the Church in 1802.
On 29 March 1918, a German shell, fired by the long-range "Paris Gun", fell on the church, killing 91 people and wounding 68 others; the explosion collapsed the roof when a Good Friday service was in progress. This was the worst single incident involving a loss of civilian lives during the German bombardment of Paris in 1918.[5] Among those killed was Rose-Marie Ormond Andre-Michel, the niece and a favorite model of John Singer Sargent.[6]
In 1975 the church became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem, founded in that same year by Père Pierre-Marie Delfieu with the authorisation of the then Archbishop of Paris, François Marty. The order is devoted to carrying on monastic life in an urban context; most of its members work part-time in civil occupations. The church is known for its distinctive and ecumenical liturgy; for example, adopting Lutheran hymn music and Orthodox troparia. The order has founded several other communities in France, at Mont St. Michel, Vezelay, and Magdala Sologne and elsewhere in Europe, in Florence, Brussels, Cologne, Warsaw, and Montreal.
Five new stained glass windows by Sylvie Gaudin were added to the southwest chevet of the church in 1993–95. Another series of six windows by Claude Courageux was added in the early 2000s in the upper level of the church, in the south nave, the transept and the choir, replacing those destroyed over the centuries.[7]
Facade
The facade of the church was begun in 1616, well after the nave of the church, with the cornerstone laid by Louis XIII. The design was by Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626), whose other major Paris work was the Luxembourg Palace. While the nave of the church was late or flamboyant gothic, the facade introduced an entirely new classical style, which opened the way for the French Baroque. The facade placed the three classical orders of architecture one atop the other. The ground floor featured three bays with pairs of columns with capitals of the simplest Doric order, with a classical pediment. Above this is a level of three bays with columns of the ionic order, and above that is a single bay with paired columns of the Corinthian order, holding up a curved pediment. In order to attach the new facade to the gothic portion of the church, de Brosse designed a traverse and two semicircular chapels on either side of the facade. The facade served as model for other churches in France and Europe, most notably the church of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, the church of the Jesuits, not far away in the Marais, which was the first church in Paris built entirely in the new style. [8]
Since the Middle Ages, an elm tree has been planted in front of the church; it served as a meeting place, and a place where disputes were sometimes settled by judges. The trees were replanted regularly over the centuries. Carvings of the trees from earlier centuries are found on the walls of some of the neighboring buildings.
Nave
The nave of the church (1600–1620) is notable for its dramatic height and the simplicity and purity of its lines. While the lower level of the nave is late gothic, the upper level of the nave shows the influence of the Renaissance, with large semi-circular arches containing a series of large stained glass windows, filling the church with light. The upper windows are 21st-century, by Claude Courageux, illustrating the story of Adam and Eve, Noah's ark, and the patriarchs and their spouses. The ceiling of the nave, where the arches of the walls come together in an elaborate embroidery, symbolizes the vaults of heaven.
Choir stalls
The wooden choir stalls (16th–17th century), from the reigns of François I and Henri II, are richly carved with scenes of daily life, the different professions, and grotesque animals. Out of sight from those attending mass, they were designed as a place where the Canons of the church could relax during the service. Some of the figures were too intimate for more puritanical later centuries, and had to be censored, including a carved image of a man and woman bathing together.[8]
Chapel of the Virgin
The chapel of the Virgin, at the back of the church, has a dramatic late gothic vaulted ceiling, featuring a hanging crown of stone 2.5 meters in diameter, and abstract designs resembling flames. The room is often used for silent meditation by church visitors. The chapel has some of the oldest stained glass windows in the flamboyant gothic style, made by Jean Chastellain in 1517, illustrating the life of the Virgin Mary. [8] Another remarkable window by Chastellain, "The Judgement of Solomon", made in 1533 in the colorful Renaissance style, is found in a side chapel.
Painting and sculpture
The church contains a number of notable works of art.
- A painting by the Venetian artist Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734), Saint Gregory the Great and Saint Vital intercede for the souls in Pugatory, located in the Chapel of Saint Philomene. This was brought from Venice to Paris by Napoleon after his Italian campaign.
- The paintings The Beheading of John the Baptist and The Adoration of the Magi by Claude Vignon (1593–1670), located in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- A statue of Christ carved in oak by Antoine-Augustin Préault (1809-1879) in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- Statues from the funeral monument of Michel Tellier (1603–1685) the Chancellor of Louis XIV, by Pierre Mazeline (1632–1685) and Simon Hurtelle (1648–1724). The figures include the Chancellor, in prayer; a weeping 'genie' praying at his feet; and two draped figures representing Faith and Religion. Two other figures from the group, Justice and Prudence, are found in the Louvre.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St-Gervais-et-St-Protais
---------------------------------------
St Gervais et St Protais has 21 mid 16th century misericords and 21 early 17th century misericords.
More information can be found here:-
www.misericords.co.uk/stgervaisandstprotais.html
————————————
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church - Paris
A church dedicated to the twin martyrs Gervais and Protais
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church is located on the eastern side of the Hôtel-de-Ville.
It stands on a hillock known as Monceau Saint-Gervais and replaced the Chapelle Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais.
This chapel served the fishing village that developed on the small mound during the 5th century. This community was one of the few on the Rive Droite, which then was a vast marsh today known as Marais.
The chapel was dedicated to the twin Roman officers who were martyred under the reign of Nero (1st century AD).
Place Saint-Gervais, the church square was initially called Carrefour de l'Orme. It was named after the huge elm that marked its centre and was felled at the French Revolution.
It was enlarged and renamed during Haussmann's renovation of Paris of the mid 19th century.
The cemetery was decommissioned in 1765 to give way to Place Baudoyer, the square that serves the town hall of the 4th district.
Sarcophagi and burial artifacts dating back to the 1st century AD were discovered during construction works.
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church ,is a fine illustration of French architecture.
The Hôtel-de-Ville district developed in the 13th century and gave rise to a thriving community. The little Saint Gervais Saint Protais Chapel became obsolete, a larger church was much needed!
However, the construction of the new church dragged on from 1494 to 1660 due to the lack of funds.
Amazingly, this slow progress turned Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church into a perfect illustration of the evolution of French architecture.
Salomon de Brosse designed the French Baroque (Jesuit Style) facade with the three classical orders, the first of its style in Paris.
The 25m high Gothic Flamboyant nave and the 16th and 17th century stained glass windows are equally impressive.
Francois-Henri Clicquot built the organ in 1601. The wind-chests, reeds and two-thirds of its stops are original and turn the instrument into one of the oldest organs in Paris.
The composer François Couperin is among the prestigious organists who played in Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church, which is to this day a major centre of Sacred Music.
The church has two other, but smaller, organs which are located in the side chapels
www.travelfranceonline.com/saint-gervais-saint-protais-ch...
See also:-
www.spottinghistory.com/view/4397/st-gervais-et-st-protai...
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on Place Saint-Gervais in the Marais district, east of City Hall (Hôtel de Ville). The current church was built between 1494 and 1657, on the site of two earlier churches; the facade, completed last, was the first example of the French baroque style in Paris. The organists of the church included Louis Couperin and his nephew François Couperin, two of the most celebrated composers and musicians of the Baroque period; the organ they used can still be seen today. The church contains remarkable examples of medieval carved choir stalls, stained glass from the 16th century, 17th century sculpture, and modern stained glass by Sylvie Gaudin and Claude Courageux. Saint-Gervais was a parish church until 1975, when it became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem.
History
A church dedicated to Saints Gervasius and Protasius, two Christian martyrs from Milan, is recorded as existing on the site in the 7th century, making it one of the first parish churches on the right bank in Paris. It was attended mostly by boatmen and fishermen, because it was close to the river port at the Place de Grève. It was built on a slight hill, the Monceau Saint-Gervais, to be safe from the floods of the Seine. After the completion of the wall of Philippe-Auguste, built between 1190 and 1209, the neighborhood was protected against attack and the population began to grow. The church had come under the sponsorship of several of the important confreries or guilds of Paris, including the wine-merchants. With their financial help, a larger church was built on the site in the early 13th century. .[1]
Construction of the present church began in 1494, but was delayed by the Wars of religion and by a shortage of funds. It was begun in the Gothic style; the chapels of the apse were finished in 1530 and the transept in 1578.[2] While the interior of the church was largely Gothic, the facade was built in an original new style, the French Baroque, on a plan by architect Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626). The first stone of the facade was placed by the young King Louis XIII in 1616. Between 1600 and 1628, a second row of chapels was built on the north side including the golden chapel ornamented with painted woodwork.[3]
During the 17th and 18th century the church was attended by many members of the aristocratic families who lived in the Marais, including Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, and the Chancellor of Louis XIV, Michel Le Tellier, whose funeral monument is found in the church.
Beginning in 1653, the church employed and sheltered the Couperin family, one of the most famous dynasties of French musicians, for more than two centuries. On one side of the church, the home of the celebrated harpsichordists, organists, and composers still stands, with a plaque commemorating the Couperins' tenure. The organ used by Louis and François Couperin still exists today inside the church; it was built by the most famous organ builders of the time, François-Henri Clicquot, Louis-Alexandre Clicquot, and Robert Clicquot.
In the 18th century, the facade of the church was greatly admired, though it was nearly blocked from view by a row of houses. Voltaire wrote, "It is a masterpiece which is lacking nothing except a place from which to see it." The houses blocking the view were finally demolished in 1854, opening up the view of the facade. .[4]
During the French Revolution, the church was emptied of many of its treasures and turned into a Temple of Reason and Youth, before being returned to the Church in 1802.
On 29 March 1918, a German shell, fired by the long-range "Paris Gun", fell on the church, killing 91 people and wounding 68 others; the explosion collapsed the roof when a Good Friday service was in progress. This was the worst single incident involving a loss of civilian lives during the German bombardment of Paris in 1918.[5] Among those killed was Rose-Marie Ormond Andre-Michel, the niece and a favorite model of John Singer Sargent.[6]
In 1975 the church became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem, founded in that same year by Père Pierre-Marie Delfieu with the authorisation of the then Archbishop of Paris, François Marty. The order is devoted to carrying on monastic life in an urban context; most of its members work part-time in civil occupations. The church is known for its distinctive and ecumenical liturgy; for example, adopting Lutheran hymn music and Orthodox troparia. The order has founded several other communities in France, at Mont St. Michel, Vezelay, and Magdala Sologne and elsewhere in Europe, in Florence, Brussels, Cologne, Warsaw, and Montreal.
Five new stained glass windows by Sylvie Gaudin were added to the southwest chevet of the church in 1993–95. Another series of six windows by Claude Courageux was added in the early 2000s in the upper level of the church, in the south nave, the transept and the choir, replacing those destroyed over the centuries.[7]
Facade
The facade of the church was begun in 1616, well after the nave of the church, with the cornerstone laid by Louis XIII. The design was by Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626), whose other major Paris work was the Luxembourg Palace. While the nave of the church was late or flamboyant gothic, the facade introduced an entirely new classical style, which opened the way for the French Baroque. The facade placed the three classical orders of architecture one atop the other. The ground floor featured three bays with pairs of columns with capitals of the simplest Doric order, with a classical pediment. Above this is a level of three bays with columns of the ionic order, and above that is a single bay with paired columns of the Corinthian order, holding up a curved pediment. In order to attach the new facade to the gothic portion of the church, de Brosse designed a traverse and two semicircular chapels on either side of the facade. The facade served as model for other churches in France and Europe, most notably the church of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, the church of the Jesuits, not far away in the Marais, which was the first church in Paris built entirely in the new style. [8]
Since the Middle Ages, an elm tree has been planted in front of the church; it served as a meeting place, and a place where disputes were sometimes settled by judges. The trees were replanted regularly over the centuries. Carvings of the trees from earlier centuries are found on the walls of some of the neighboring buildings.
Nave
The nave of the church (1600–1620) is notable for its dramatic height and the simplicity and purity of its lines. While the lower level of the nave is late gothic, the upper level of the nave shows the influence of the Renaissance, with large semi-circular arches containing a series of large stained glass windows, filling the church with light. The upper windows are 21st-century, by Claude Courageux, illustrating the story of Adam and Eve, Noah's ark, and the patriarchs and their spouses. The ceiling of the nave, where the arches of the walls come together in an elaborate embroidery, symbolizes the vaults of heaven.
Choir stalls
The wooden choir stalls (16th–17th century), from the reigns of François I and Henri II, are richly carved with scenes of daily life, the different professions, and grotesque animals. Out of sight from those attending mass, they were designed as a place where the Canons of the church could relax during the service. Some of the figures were too intimate for more puritanical later centuries, and had to be censored, including a carved image of a man and woman bathing together.[8]
Chapel of the Virgin
The chapel of the Virgin, at the back of the church, has a dramatic late gothic vaulted ceiling, featuring a hanging crown of stone 2.5 meters in diameter, and abstract designs resembling flames. The room is often used for silent meditation by church visitors. The chapel has some of the oldest stained glass windows in the flamboyant gothic style, made by Jean Chastellain in 1517, illustrating the life of the Virgin Mary. [8] Another remarkable window by Chastellain, "The Judgement of Solomon", made in 1533 in the colorful Renaissance style, is found in a side chapel.
Painting and sculpture
The church contains a number of notable works of art.
- A painting by the Venetian artist Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734), Saint Gregory the Great and Saint Vital intercede for the souls in Pugatory, located in the Chapel of Saint Philomene. This was brought from Venice to Paris by Napoleon after his Italian campaign.
- The paintings The Beheading of John the Baptist and The Adoration of the Magi by Claude Vignon (1593–1670), located in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- A statue of Christ carved in oak by Antoine-Augustin Préault (1809-1879) in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- Statues from the funeral monument of Michel Tellier (1603–1685) the Chancellor of Louis XIV, by Pierre Mazeline (1632–1685) and Simon Hurtelle (1648–1724). The figures include the Chancellor, in prayer; a weeping 'genie' praying at his feet; and two draped figures representing Faith and Religion. Two other figures from the group, Justice and Prudence, are found in the Louvre.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St-Gervais-et-St-Protais
---------------------------------------
St Gervais et St Protais has 21 mid 16th century misericords and 21 early 17th century misericords.
More information can be found here:-
www.misericords.co.uk/stgervaisandstprotais.html
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Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church - Paris
A church dedicated to the twin martyrs Gervais and Protais
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church is located on the eastern side of the Hôtel-de-Ville.
It stands on a hillock known as Monceau Saint-Gervais and replaced the Chapelle Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais.
This chapel served the fishing village that developed on the small mound during the 5th century. This community was one of the few on the Rive Droite, which then was a vast marsh today known as Marais.
The chapel was dedicated to the twin Roman officers who were martyred under the reign of Nero (1st century AD).
Place Saint-Gervais, the church square was initially called Carrefour de l'Orme. It was named after the huge elm that marked its centre and was felled at the French Revolution.
It was enlarged and renamed during Haussmann's renovation of Paris of the mid 19th century.
The cemetery was decommissioned in 1765 to give way to Place Baudoyer, the square that serves the town hall of the 4th district.
Sarcophagi and burial artifacts dating back to the 1st century AD were discovered during construction works.
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church ,is a fine illustration of French architecture.
The Hôtel-de-Ville district developed in the 13th century and gave rise to a thriving community. The little Saint Gervais Saint Protais Chapel became obsolete, a larger church was much needed!
However, the construction of the new church dragged on from 1494 to 1660 due to the lack of funds.
Amazingly, this slow progress turned Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church into a perfect illustration of the evolution of French architecture.
Salomon de Brosse designed the French Baroque (Jesuit Style) facade with the three classical orders, the first of its style in Paris.
The 25m high Gothic Flamboyant nave and the 16th and 17th century stained glass windows are equally impressive.
Francois-Henri Clicquot built the organ in 1601. The wind-chests, reeds and two-thirds of its stops are original and turn the instrument into one of the oldest organs in Paris.
The composer François Couperin is among the prestigious organists who played in Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church, which is to this day a major centre of Sacred Music.
The church has two other, but smaller, organs which are located in the side chapels
www.travelfranceonline.com/saint-gervais-saint-protais-ch...
See also:-
www.spottinghistory.com/view/4397/st-gervais-et-st-protai...
PRISONERS OF WAR
CORPORAL H. TAITUHA
A letter has been received from Corporal H. Taituha, of Otewa, and formerly of Te Kuiti, who is in a prison camp at Wilhelmshaven, Germany. He was shot in the mouth and is making good recovery in hospital.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TAWC19420302.2.20
RETURN HOME
MEN FROM GERMANY
BEST CHRISTMAS GIFT
PRISONERS' EXPERIENCES
The best Christmas present they could possibly have was given yesterday to a number of Aucklanders, when a special train arrived with a party of sick, wounded and repatriated soldiers of the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force. For several years many of the soldiers have been writing home and saying, "I will see you next Christmas." Their cherished hopes were ful-filled yesterday, although, as one soldier from a German prison camp said, "Now it has happened I can hardly believe it."
Some of the sick and wounded were men who fought with the Second Division right up to the end of the Tunisian campaign. They included Private Tepene Heka, of Te Kao, who won the Distinguished Conduct Medal at Takrouna, where he made a single-handed attack on an anti-tank post and three machine-gun posts. He killed the commander of the anti-tank gun and others of the crew surrendered. When he put the machine-gun out of action he took a further 14 prisoners. Private Heka has a brother who is a prisoner of war.
First Maori Battle Casualty
Another Maori in yesterday's party was Corporal H. P. Taituha, of Avondale, who was the first casualty of the 28th Maori Battalion to be reported in Greece. For seven months his wife is stated to have received a widow’s pension.
Corporal Taituha, who was formerly employed by the Native Department in Auckland, had been his battalion’s headquarters orderly room sergeant. "But I wanted a fight," he said yesterday, "and asked to be sent to one of the companies."
To do this he volunteered to lose one of his stripes. As a corporal he took part in the fighting at Mount Olympus and was shot in the face by a German sub-machine-gunner. He was taken prisoner while he was wounded and after that went to so many camps and hospitals that he describes himself as being probably New Zealand's most travelled prisoner of war. He went to Bulgaria, Macedonia, Yugoslavia and Germany, and as long as two years ago was one of those chosen for repatriation. However, it was not possible for that group of men to be repatriated, although some of them travelled as far as Rouen before tentative arrangements had to be abandoned.
Captured in Greece or Crete
The repatriated men in yesterday's party were all soldiers who were captured in Greece or Crete. They included some who had volunteered to stay with wounded comrades instead of being evacuated. They came from several camps, although the majority seem to be from Stalag VIII.B, and arrived in Egypt after a journey across Germany, missing Berlin, France and Spain. The two ships chosen as their transports met them at Barcelona.
Experiences in the German camps are still fresh in the men's memories. Chief among them is probably the reduced diet, and it is doubtful if many of them will have much fondness for potatoes for a very long time. For the comforts they received from patriotic funds they have every praise. Some even went so far as to say that the food in the Red Cross parcels kept them alive.
The excitement at the railway station when yesterday's train arrived was intense. It was heightened by the approach of Christmas and by the fact that relatives of the prisoners of war had heard much less about their men than have those whose soldiers are still serving with the division.
Army transport took the men and their relatives to their homes. The Mayor of Auckland, Mr. J A. C. Allum, represented the city at the station. Maori members were later given a traditional welcome by the Auckland Maori Reception Committee
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19431217.2.19
Images of Harry:
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19431217.2.61
GERMAN OUTLOOK
REACTION TO BOMBING
AN UNUSUAL NARRATIVE
MR. TAITUHA’S IMPRESSIONS
The following article, written by Mr. H. Taituha, appeared in a recent issue of the Auckland Weekly News. Mr. Taituha is well-known in Te Kuiti as a native interpreter.
In September, 1940, the Germans began to bomb England. From my post along the Kentish coast I watched the planes roar past loaded with bombs. The skies of England were black with them.
Shells burst everywhere. Tracer bullets marked the path of their flight. Looking inland I saw, silhouetting the elm trees upon the skyline, the conflagration of a city. In that city people were dying, bombed and shot and burned.
The Germans roared on, seeking fresh English cities to destroy. Anti-aircraft guns bellowed after them. But the German planes were too fast and high up. The Germans looked back and laughed.
“Dutch” Courage
England was hopelessly outnumbered. The German planes were running all around her at will. There was no stopping them. But the people of England never lost heart. They took the threshing the German Luftwaffe gave them.
They took it the same as they did the retreat from Dunkirk, the disaster to France, the treachery of Italy—took it full in the face, reeled, and came back for more. The Germans said it was “dutch” courage. For days they had tried to knock it out of the English. They had even dropped time-bombs and mines into back gardens, sent Stukas screaming fear into the populace, machine-gunned the people and left their bodies strewn across the streets. But the “dutch” courage of the English stood and held.
I had left England. The “dutch” courage, was still holding. The Germans were still at them, hammer and tongs. I had come out East, had seen fighting in Greece, was badly wounded, and captured in April, 1941.
Flushed With Victory
Fourteen months after the first bombing of England, November, 1941, I was almost back in England again, only on the opposite side of the North Sea. I was in German hands, a prisoner-of-war.
In a prisoner-of-war camp I saw the other side of Germany. We read the German papers. In case we may have missed the news, loudspeakers were installed. Through them German propaganda was dished out to us.
Changed Outlook
The Russians were a beaten enemy since 1941. Even when the Russians pushed them back in the Kuban, the Germans still called the Russians “beaten”. The Germans had “beaten” on the brain.
Next Rommel threw up the sponge. He turned tail and, at Tunisia, fled. The Germans abused the Italians. They were the lowest people on earth. To hear these scoundrels denouncing their partners-in-crime was extraordinary.
Then the Germans turned and accused the Americans of sacking the art galleries of Italy. They claimed that works of art were taken out of Italy and sent back to America.
Near the historic town of Flatz stood an internment camp. It was full of Germans—military offenders, deserters, conscientious objectors.
It was better to accept the ill-treatment and privation of an internment camp than the sure bullet of the enemy.
Longing for Food
The German press printed screeds and screeds of red-hot propaganda—“ English food line in Atlantic cut off,” “India declares war on Britain,” “Americans chased by the Japs”. The people took them all in and then sighed, “Food.” A German would sell his kingdom for a bar of chocolate. Food was terribly short. Black bread, soup and mint tea without sugar was a good meal.
The Germans often went to the French working parties to try to induce the French to fight for Germany. The French merely laughed and swore at them. Yugoslavia worried the Germans. Food trains passing through were derailed by the Yugoslavs, the food taken, and the train wrecked.
The second front had the Germans puzzled. They tried to buy Britain out. Every commando raid and landing made on Fortress Europe the Germans called a second front. They wanted Britain to affirm or deny. But Britain kept silent. It annoyed the Germans.
Morale Cracks
Since the fall of Tunisia Germany’s star began to decline. The Germans became irritable, unstable. Ministries shuffled and reshuffled, general’s began to die suddenly. The people became apprehensive. The King of Rumania died of a sudden illness. Germany began to lose its bland arrogance. Is needed just a tiny crack to strip away the false confidence.
The crack came when Hamburg and other cities were bombed. The Germans came out in their true colours. They squealed! I could hardly believe my own eyes as I looked at the papers. A mighty nation, before whose fist the whole world stood, a-trembling, reduced to cheap squealing.
In the newspapers the Germans called upon their fellow-men to walk down the ruined streets of Hamburg, and in the early hours of the morning, with the sun shining down upon bodies of their dead kin, to-know that Britain did it.
Breeding Hatred
The Germans called upon their fellow-men to behold the scene of destruction and desolation, to feel the wind howl across the dead city, to see the halls built to the glories of their forefathers smouldering on the ground and among the wrecks of German homes, to see the bodies of German women, and children dead in blood.
“Blood!” screamed one paper. For every German’s blood spilt the cursed “Englander” would pay a thousand times more. What had Germany done to deserve such brutality! Look at the rows upon rows of dead and mutilated humanity — flower of German manhood —victims’ of the most dastardly act committed upon any nation!
A Contrast in Reaction
Britain thought that by wrecking the cities of Germany it would put fear into the people and subjugate them. Let Britain know it had done the opposite. By her dastardly act Britain had welded the German people into one strong and formidable body, with only one purpose in mind—revenge and utter hatred of the British—hate ! hate!
I laid the paper down and sighed. My thoughts went back to England who, in her darkest hours, managed to weather the storm by the help of a courage which they called “dutch.”
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/OPNEWS19440229.2.25
WOUNDED CORPORAL MAKES AMAZING RECOVERY
A STORY worthy of his ancestry— for his family history goes back to the arrival of the canoe Tainui—is told by Corporal Harry P. Taituha, of Auckland.
A member of the Native Department staff, he joined the Maori Battalion and went overseas with the Second Echelon, becoming battalion orderly room sergeant. He wanted to fight, and asked to be sent out to one of the companies, volunteering to revert to the rank of corporal to make this possible.
In the shadow of Mount Olympus Corporal Taituha had his first, and last, taste of battle. He was in charge of a small section of "ordinary Maori pig-hunters" facing men of the crack German Alpine troops, who outnumbered them by forty to one. Hour after hour the fight went on, hour after hour the enemy was repelled, but finally, by sheer weight of weapons, ammunition and numbers, the enemy advanced. They over-ran 'the New Zealanders' trenches. Fire was point-blank.
Corporal Taituha continued to pump lead—even after the wood of his rifle had been shot away. Then he was surrounded. A sub-machine-gun shot hit him and he went down. When he regained consciousness his right jaw hung down his face. For some days he struggled on through the mountains alone before he was taken prisoner and treated by a German first aid post in Larissa. This was in April, 1941, and he was the only prisoner for some weeks, his fellow patients being sick and wounded Germans.
The bullet had gone through his top jaw, knocking out several teeth, grazing his tongue, smashing through the lower jaw and lodging in his neck. In order to stop his lower jaw from dropping and becoming set in a wrong position, wires were attached to his upper and lower teeth and joined, thus preventing any movement. He had to live on liquid diet, feeding himself by spoon through the gap made by his teeth being torn out. The following month, May, 1941, he was removed to a German hospital at Plovdiv, Bulgaria, where an attempt was made to extract the bullet. He was then sent to Jumaya, on the Bulgarian-Serbian border, where further attempts to extract the bullet were made, but without success. In June he was removed to Nish, in Yugoslavia, and here the bullet was finally extracted.
He was impressed as he entered Yugoslavia by the number of Germans to be seen, for they stood guard everywhere, not trusting the defiant Yugoslavs, who had learnt to use that subtle weapon, sabotage. One little Yugoslav boy, whose mother sold foodstuffs, was a favourite of the corporal. The boy would sneak him in cakes while he was lying in hospital, and on one occasion his mother missed him and came inquiring at the hospital. He was found asleep on the Maori's bed. It was in this hospital that a piece of broken bone, about two inches long and half an inch wide at the widest point, became dislodged and extracted from Taituha's mouth.
From here he was sent to Stalag VIII.B, Germany, in February, 1942, the largest prisoner of war camp in Germany. About this time the wires were removed and replaced by special frames "soldered" to the teeth in each jaw and connected with rubber. This connection had to be adjusted continually while he was eating.
Series of Operations
In April he was removed by order of the Repatriation Commission to Breslau for a bone grafting operation to his jaw. Although carried out by one of the best surgeons in the district —for the Germans were anxious to show their skill—this was not successful, and he went back to Stalag VIII.B. Twice after this the operation had to be postponed, first because he contracted malaria, for which he was treated in a specialist sanatorium in Glatz, and again because of a blood disorder. On December 2, 1942, the much delayed operation was performed, a piece of bone from his hip being grafted to his jaw. In April of last year he returned to Stalag VIII.B. and he there was attended by English doctors who had been taken prisoner. The success of the operation could not be fully ascertained, but he was able to remove the wire frame and was fitted for dentures. At the camp he joined a class in journalism conducted by Ian Sabey, a member of the Australian Journalists' Association.
At this time Taituha was in communication with Dr. A. J. Harrop, then agent in London for the University of New Zealand, who considered the soldier stood a good chance of getting a position with the B.B.C. translating Maori mythology, folklore and music for broadcasting. Dr. Harrop offered to help him all he could should the wounded man be repatriated through England.
However, it was not to be. When Corporal Taituha finally left Stalag VIII.B on his way home, he went via France, Spain and the Middle East, finally arriving in New Zealand in December, 1943.
As he recounted his experiences, Corporal Taituha produced some hundreds of sketches he had made. He had thought that a diary would probably be confiscated by the Germans, whereas sketches, which would remind him just as well of his experiences, would be less likely to be seized. The drawings give a graphic impression of all manner of persons and things, from pretty German nurses to ablution benches.
Corporal Taituha's speech, appearance and cheerfulness give little indications of the trying years through which he had passed, but his troubles are, unfortunately, not yet over. In April of this year he was given a thorough specialist examination, as a result of which it was found that the bone graft had not been a complete success, one end having failed to knit, and he awaits a further operation.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19440524.2.44
Plot 260: Harry Putangoroa Taituha – Journalist/Tally Clerk
6134 Sgt.
H. P. TAITUHA
Maori Battn.
Died (fern) Aged
18.3.1977 70 Yrs.
2nd. N.Z.E.F.
View and/or contribute to Harry's profile on the Auckland War Memorial Museum Cenotaph data base:
www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/recor...
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on Place Saint-Gervais in the Marais district, east of City Hall (Hôtel de Ville). The current church was built between 1494 and 1657, on the site of two earlier churches; the facade, completed last, was the first example of the French baroque style in Paris. The organists of the church included Louis Couperin and his nephew François Couperin, two of the most celebrated composers and musicians of the Baroque period; the organ they used can still be seen today. The church contains remarkable examples of medieval carved choir stalls, stained glass from the 16th century, 17th century sculpture, and modern stained glass by Sylvie Gaudin and Claude Courageux. Saint-Gervais was a parish church until 1975, when it became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem.
History
A church dedicated to Saints Gervasius and Protasius, two Christian martyrs from Milan, is recorded as existing on the site in the 7th century, making it one of the first parish churches on the right bank in Paris. It was attended mostly by boatmen and fishermen, because it was close to the river port at the Place de Grève. It was built on a slight hill, the Monceau Saint-Gervais, to be safe from the floods of the Seine. After the completion of the wall of Philippe-Auguste, built between 1190 and 1209, the neighborhood was protected against attack and the population began to grow. The church had come under the sponsorship of several of the important confreries or guilds of Paris, including the wine-merchants. With their financial help, a larger church was built on the site in the early 13th century. .[1]
Construction of the present church began in 1494, but was delayed by the Wars of religion and by a shortage of funds. It was begun in the Gothic style; the chapels of the apse were finished in 1530 and the transept in 1578.[2] While the interior of the church was largely Gothic, the facade was built in an original new style, the French Baroque, on a plan by architect Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626). The first stone of the facade was placed by the young King Louis XIII in 1616. Between 1600 and 1628, a second row of chapels was built on the north side including the golden chapel ornamented with painted woodwork.[3]
During the 17th and 18th century the church was attended by many members of the aristocratic families who lived in the Marais, including Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, and the Chancellor of Louis XIV, Michel Le Tellier, whose funeral monument is found in the church.
Beginning in 1653, the church employed and sheltered the Couperin family, one of the most famous dynasties of French musicians, for more than two centuries. On one side of the church, the home of the celebrated harpsichordists, organists, and composers still stands, with a plaque commemorating the Couperins' tenure. The organ used by Louis and François Couperin still exists today inside the church; it was built by the most famous organ builders of the time, François-Henri Clicquot, Louis-Alexandre Clicquot, and Robert Clicquot.
In the 18th century, the facade of the church was greatly admired, though it was nearly blocked from view by a row of houses. Voltaire wrote, "It is a masterpiece which is lacking nothing except a place from which to see it." The houses blocking the view were finally demolished in 1854, opening up the view of the facade. .[4]
During the French Revolution, the church was emptied of many of its treasures and turned into a Temple of Reason and Youth, before being returned to the Church in 1802.
On 29 March 1918, a German shell, fired by the long-range "Paris Gun", fell on the church, killing 91 people and wounding 68 others; the explosion collapsed the roof when a Good Friday service was in progress. This was the worst single incident involving a loss of civilian lives during the German bombardment of Paris in 1918.[5] Among those killed was Rose-Marie Ormond Andre-Michel, the niece and a favorite model of John Singer Sargent.[6]
In 1975 the church became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem, founded in that same year by Père Pierre-Marie Delfieu with the authorisation of the then Archbishop of Paris, François Marty. The order is devoted to carrying on monastic life in an urban context; most of its members work part-time in civil occupations. The church is known for its distinctive and ecumenical liturgy; for example, adopting Lutheran hymn music and Orthodox troparia. The order has founded several other communities in France, at Mont St. Michel, Vezelay, and Magdala Sologne and elsewhere in Europe, in Florence, Brussels, Cologne, Warsaw, and Montreal.
Five new stained glass windows by Sylvie Gaudin were added to the southwest chevet of the church in 1993–95. Another series of six windows by Claude Courageux was added in the early 2000s in the upper level of the church, in the south nave, the transept and the choir, replacing those destroyed over the centuries.[7]
Facade
The facade of the church was begun in 1616, well after the nave of the church, with the cornerstone laid by Louis XIII. The design was by Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626), whose other major Paris work was the Luxembourg Palace. While the nave of the church was late or flamboyant gothic, the facade introduced an entirely new classical style, which opened the way for the French Baroque. The facade placed the three classical orders of architecture one atop the other. The ground floor featured three bays with pairs of columns with capitals of the simplest Doric order, with a classical pediment. Above this is a level of three bays with columns of the ionic order, and above that is a single bay with paired columns of the Corinthian order, holding up a curved pediment. In order to attach the new facade to the gothic portion of the church, de Brosse designed a traverse and two semicircular chapels on either side of the facade. The facade served as model for other churches in France and Europe, most notably the church of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, the church of the Jesuits, not far away in the Marais, which was the first church in Paris built entirely in the new style. [8]
Since the Middle Ages, an elm tree has been planted in front of the church; it served as a meeting place, and a place where disputes were sometimes settled by judges. The trees were replanted regularly over the centuries. Carvings of the trees from earlier centuries are found on the walls of some of the neighboring buildings.
Nave
The nave of the church (1600–1620) is notable for its dramatic height and the simplicity and purity of its lines. While the lower level of the nave is late gothic, the upper level of the nave shows the influence of the Renaissance, with large semi-circular arches containing a series of large stained glass windows, filling the church with light. The upper windows are 21st-century, by Claude Courageux, illustrating the story of Adam and Eve, Noah's ark, and the patriarchs and their spouses. The ceiling of the nave, where the arches of the walls come together in an elaborate embroidery, symbolizes the vaults of heaven.
Choir stalls
The wooden choir stalls (16th–17th century), from the reigns of François I and Henri II, are richly carved with scenes of daily life, the different professions, and grotesque animals. Out of sight from those attending mass, they were designed as a place where the Canons of the church could relax during the service. Some of the figures were too intimate for more puritanical later centuries, and had to be censored, including a carved image of a man and woman bathing together.[8]
Chapel of the Virgin
The chapel of the Virgin, at the back of the church, has a dramatic late gothic vaulted ceiling, featuring a hanging crown of stone 2.5 meters in diameter, and abstract designs resembling flames. The room is often used for silent meditation by church visitors. The chapel has some of the oldest stained glass windows in the flamboyant gothic style, made by Jean Chastellain in 1517, illustrating the life of the Virgin Mary. [8] Another remarkable window by Chastellain, "The Judgement of Solomon", made in 1533 in the colorful Renaissance style, is found in a side chapel.
Painting and sculpture
The church contains a number of notable works of art.
- A painting by the Venetian artist Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734), Saint Gregory the Great and Saint Vital intercede for the souls in Pugatory, located in the Chapel of Saint Philomene. This was brought from Venice to Paris by Napoleon after his Italian campaign.
- The paintings The Beheading of John the Baptist and The Adoration of the Magi by Claude Vignon (1593–1670), located in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- A statue of Christ carved in oak by Antoine-Augustin Préault (1809-1879) in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- Statues from the funeral monument of Michel Tellier (1603–1685) the Chancellor of Louis XIV, by Pierre Mazeline (1632–1685) and Simon Hurtelle (1648–1724). The figures include the Chancellor, in prayer; a weeping 'genie' praying at his feet; and two draped figures representing Faith and Religion. Two other figures from the group, Justice and Prudence, are found in the Louvre.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St-Gervais-et-St-Protais
---------------------------------------
St Gervais et St Protais has 21 mid 16th century misericords and 21 early 17th century misericords.
More information can be found here:-
www.misericords.co.uk/stgervaisandstprotais.html
————————————
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church - Paris
A church dedicated to the twin martyrs Gervais and Protais
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church is located on the eastern side of the Hôtel-de-Ville.
It stands on a hillock known as Monceau Saint-Gervais and replaced the Chapelle Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais.
This chapel served the fishing village that developed on the small mound during the 5th century. This community was one of the few on the Rive Droite, which then was a vast marsh today known as Marais.
The chapel was dedicated to the twin Roman officers who were martyred under the reign of Nero (1st century AD).
Place Saint-Gervais, the church square was initially called Carrefour de l'Orme. It was named after the huge elm that marked its centre and was felled at the French Revolution.
It was enlarged and renamed during Haussmann's renovation of Paris of the mid 19th century.
The cemetery was decommissioned in 1765 to give way to Place Baudoyer, the square that serves the town hall of the 4th district.
Sarcophagi and burial artifacts dating back to the 1st century AD were discovered during construction works.
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church ,is a fine illustration of French architecture.
The Hôtel-de-Ville district developed in the 13th century and gave rise to a thriving community. The little Saint Gervais Saint Protais Chapel became obsolete, a larger church was much needed!
However, the construction of the new church dragged on from 1494 to 1660 due to the lack of funds.
Amazingly, this slow progress turned Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church into a perfect illustration of the evolution of French architecture.
Salomon de Brosse designed the French Baroque (Jesuit Style) facade with the three classical orders, the first of its style in Paris.
The 25m high Gothic Flamboyant nave and the 16th and 17th century stained glass windows are equally impressive.
Francois-Henri Clicquot built the organ in 1601. The wind-chests, reeds and two-thirds of its stops are original and turn the instrument into one of the oldest organs in Paris.
The composer François Couperin is among the prestigious organists who played in Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church, which is to this day a major centre of Sacred Music.
The church has two other, but smaller, organs which are located in the side chapels
www.travelfranceonline.com/saint-gervais-saint-protais-ch...
See also:-
www.spottinghistory.com/view/4397/st-gervais-et-st-protai...
FIXED UPPER WEST SIDE AND UPPER EAST SIDE.
Determined from geotagged Flickr neighborhood tagged by photo uploaders.
Read more: kelsocartography.com/blog/?p=4184
RED
In wikipedia as a neighborhood
Annadale
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Harding Park
Heartland Village
Hell's Kitchen, Clinton
Highbridge
Highland Park
Hillcrest
Hollis
Holliswood
Homecrest
Howard Beach
Hudson Heights (Part of Washington Heights)
Huguenot
Hunters Point
Inwood
Jackson Heights
Jamaica
Jamaica Estates
Jamaica Hills
Kensington
Kew Gardens
Kew Gardens Hills
Kingsbridge
Kips Bay
Laurelton
Lighthouse Hill
Linden Hill
Little Italy
Little Neck
Little Poland
Livingston
Long Island City
Malba
Manhattan Beach
Manhattanville (West Harlem)
Mapleton, Grays Farm
Marble Hill
Marine Park
Mariners Harbor
Maspeth
Meiers Corners
Melrose
Middle Village
Midland Beach
Midtown
Midtown West
Midwood
Mill Basin
Morris Park
Morrisania
Mott Haven
Mount Eden
Murray Hill
Neponsit
New Brighton
New Dorp
New Lots
New Springville
New Utrecht
NoHo
Nolita (NoLIta)
Norwood (formerly Bainbridge)
Oakland Gardens
Oakwood
Ocean Breeze
Ocean Hill
Ocean Parkway
Old Place
Old Town
Ozone Park
Park Slope
Parkchester
Pelham Bay
Pelham Gardens
Pelham Parkway
Pleasant Plains
Plum Beach
Pomonok
Port Richmond
Prince's Bay
Prospect Heights
Prospect Park South
Prospect Lefferts Gardens
Queens Village
Randall Manor
Red Hook
Rego Park
Richmond Hill
Richmondtown
Ridgewood
Rikers Island
Riverdale
Rockaway Beach
Rockaway Park
Roosevelt Island
Rosebank
Rosedale
Rossville
Roxbury
Sea Gate
Seaside
Sheepshead Bay
Shore Acres
Silver Lake
SoHo
Soundview
South Jamaica
South Ozone Park
Springfield Gardens
St. George
Stapleton
Stapleton Heights
Starrett City
Stuyvesant Heights
Stuyvesant Town (former Gas House district)
Sunnyside
Sunset Park
Sutton Place
Theater District
Throggs Neck
Todt Hill
Tompkinsville
Tottenville
Tottenville Beach
Travis
Tremont / East Tremont
TriBeCa
Tudor City
Turtle Bay
Two Bridges
Union Square
University Heights
Upper East Side, Lenox Hill, Silk Stocking District
Utopia
Van Nest
Vinegar Hill
Wakefield
Ward Hill
Weeksville
West Farms
West New Brighton
Upper West Side
West Village
Westchester Heights (Westchester Square)
Westerleigh
Whitestone
Willets Point
Williamsbridge
Williamsburg
Willowbrook
Windsor Terrace
Wingate
Woodhaven
Woodlawn (Woodlawn Heights)
Woodrow
Woodside
YELLOW
In wikipedia as sub-portion of a neighborhood
Allerton
Astoria Heights
Belmont (Arthur Avenue)
Blissville
Bronx River
Bronxdale
Clason Point
Concourse Village
Co-op City
Country Club
Crotona Park East
Dutch Kills
East Morrisania
Edgewater Park
Fieldston
Forest Hills Gardens
Howard Park
Kingsbridge Heights
LeFrak City
Lindenwood
Locust Point Beach
Longwood
Mount Hope
Murray Hill
North Corona
North Riverdale
Old Howard Beach
Olinville
Port Morris
Queensboro Hill
Queensbridge
Ramblersville
Ravenswood
Rockwood Park
Schuylerville
Silver Beach
Spuyten Duyvil / South Riverdale
Tudor Village
Van Cortlandt Village
PURPLE
Not in wikipedia
Adelphi
Arlington
Arverne-Edgemere
Aspen Knolls
Astoria South
Bathgate
Bay Terrace (Queens)
Bay Terrace
Bellevue
Boardwalk
BoCoCa
Broadway Junction
Bronx Park
Bronx Park South
Bronxwood
Brooklyn Manor
Brookville
Browne Park
Bull's Head
Bushwick Junction
Butler Manor
Castel Hill
Castleton Corner
Cedar Manor
Central Slope
Charlotte Gardens
Claremont
Clarmont Village
Clearview
Crest Kills Park
Crown Heights South
Ditmas Park West
Down Town Flushing
East Concourse
East Flushing
East Side
East Tremont
Eastchester Bay
Eastern Parkway
Fairmont - Claremont Village
Fildston
Fishbay
Floyd Bennett
Flushing Meadows
Forest Park
Fort Jay
Fort Tilden
Fort Totten
Fort Worth
Fox Hills
Foxhurst
Fresh Kills
Fresh Pond Junction
Gerritsen
Grand City
Gulfport
Haberman
Hillside
Hillside
Historic Village
Holland
Howland Hook
Hunts Point
Jerome Park
John Adams Houses
Kew Gardens Hill
La Tourette Park
Laconia
Lewis S Davidson Senior Houses
Lidenwood
Linden-Park
Little Odessa
Locust Manor
LoDel
Manhattan Terrace
Mariners Park
Melrose Houses
Midwood Park
Mill Brook Houses
Mill Island
Miller Field
Morgan Avenue
Morris Heights
Morris Park
Murry Hill
Navy Yard
Neponsit & Belle
New Dorp Beach
New Gardens Hills
North Baychester
North Bayside
North Beach
North Side
North Slope
North Williamsburg - North Side
Oakwood Beach
Oakwood Heights Station
Old Town Station
Paedergat Basin
Paerdegat
Park Hill
Park of Edgewater
Park Stratton
Park Versailles
Parkside
Parkville
Parsons Beach
Patterson Houses
Pelham Bay Park
Plaza Borinquen
Plaza de Los Angeles
Port Ivory
Prospect Park
Queens College
Queensboro Hills
Remsen Village
Rochdale Village
Rockaway Point
Rugby
Schuvilerville
Seaport
Somerville
Soundview Bruckner
Soundview Park
South Bronx
South Brooklyn
South Corona
South Midwood
South Richmond Hill
South Riverdale
South Side
South Slope
South Williamsburg
Southern Tip
Spring Creek
Springfield Grdn
Saint Albans
St. Mary's Park Houses
St. Nicholas Terrace
Steinway
Sunnyside
Sunnyside Gardens
Terrace Heights
Unionport
Wave Crest
West Brighton
West Brighton
West Concourse
West Ford Park
Westchester
Williams Bridge
Woodstock
GREEN
Parks, airports, golf courses, cemeteries, etc. A few more places could be added to this (like the Navy Yard).
MISSING
Names from wikipedia that aren't on the map at all, some are POI not neighborhoods so buyer beware.
Belden PointBronx
Downtown BronxBronx
Marble HillBronx
The HubBronx
Beverly Square EastBrooklyn
Boerum HillBrooklyn
Brooklyn Navy YardBrooklyn
Carroll GardensBrooklyn
ChinatownBrooklyn
Cobble HillBrooklyn
MadisonBrooklyn
PigtownBrooklyn
RAMBOBrooklyn
South Park SlopeBrooklyn
White SandsBrooklyn
Alphabet City, LoisaidaManhattan
Astor Row (Central Harlem)Manhattan
Battery Park CityManhattan
BoweryManhattan
BrookdaleManhattan
Carnegie HillManhattan
Central HarlemManhattan
Columbus CircleManhattan
Cooperative VillageManhattan
Diamond DistrictManhattan
(Spanish Harlem)Manhattan
Five Points (historic)Manhattan
Flatiron District, Toy District, Photo DistrictManhattan
Flower DistrictManhattan
Fort GeorgeManhattan
Greenwich Village, the VillageManhattan
HarlemManhattan
Herald SquareManhattan
Hudson YardsManhattan
KoreatownManhattan
Le Petit Senegal (Little Senegal)Manhattan
Lincoln Square (San Juan Hill)Manhattan
Little BrazilManhattan
Little Germany (historic)Manhattan
Lower East SideManhattan
Lower Manhattan, Financial DistrictManhattan
Madison SquareManhattan
Manhattan Valley, Bloomingdale DistrictManhattan
Marcus Garvey Park, Mount Morris Historical DistrictManhattan
Meatpacking DistrictManhattan
Midtown EastManhattan
Morningside Heights, SoHa (or "South of Harlem")Manhattan
NoMadManhattan
Peter Cooper Village (former Gas House district)Manhattan
Radio Row (historic)Manhattan
Rockefeller Center, Radio CityManhattan
South Street Seaport Historical DistrictManhattan
Strivers' Row (Central Harlem)Manhattan
Stuyvesant SquareManhattan
Sugar Hill (Central Harlem)Manhattan
TenderloinManhattan
Times SquareManhattan
Upper ManhattanManhattan
ViVa, Viaduct ValleyManhattan
Washington HeightsManhattan
Waterside PlazaManhattan
West HarlemManhattan
YorkvilleManhattan
Hollis HillsQueens
MeadowmereQueens
SunnysideQueens
WarnervilleQueens
CastletonStaten Island
Manor HeightsStaten Island
Richmond ValleyStaten Island
Sandy GroundStaten Island
South BeachStaten Island
Morris HeightsBronx
Rose HillManhattan
BrucknerBronx
Central RiverdaleBronx
Ferry Point ParkBronx
Hunter IslandBronx
Indian VillageBronx
Spencer EstatesBronx
Twin IslandBronx
ZeregaBronx
DitmarsQueens
ElectchesterQueens
North Shore TowersQueens
QueensviewQueens
Queensview WestQueens
Sunnyside GardensQueens
Pelham IslandsBronx
Ellis IslandManhattan
Governors IslandManhattan
Liberty IslandManhattan
Randall's IslandManhattan
Wards IslandManhattan
Photo two.
Name: BAILEY, SIDNEY GEORGE
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Gunner
Regiment/Service: Royal Field Artillery
Unit Text: 'D' Bty. 96th Bde.
Age: 31
Date of Death: 06/10/1916
Service No: 141554
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: II. C. 1
Cemetery: BULLS ROAD CEMETERY, FLERS
Additional information: Son of Charles and Louisa Bailey, of Hartley Wintney; husband of Gertrude Bailey, of The Cricket Green, Hartley Wintney.
Name: BAILEY, WILLIAM GEORGE
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 19
Date of Death: 03/04/1918
Service No: 356994
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: V. D. 30
Cemetery: OXFORD ROAD CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. Bailey, of James Cottages, Hartley Wintney.
Name: BENNETT, WILLIAM HENRY
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Leading Seaman
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy
Unit Text: H.M.S. Hampshire
Date of Death: 05/06/1916
Service No: 220975
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: 12
Memorial: PORTSMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL
Name: BURNINGHAM, WILLIAM FRANK
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Stoker 1st Class
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy
Unit Text: H.M.S. Invincible
Age: 39
Date of Death: 31/05/1916
Service No: 289772
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: 17
Memorial: PORTSMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of George and Mary Ann Burningham, of West Green, Winchfield, Hants.
Name: BROWN, H
Several possible entries at CWGC.
Name: BROWNING, PERCY J
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: East Yorkshire Regiment
Unit Text: 1st Bn.
Date of Death: 23/08/1918
Service No: 223020
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 4
Memorial: VIS-EN-ARTOIS MEMORIAL
Name: BUTLER, FRANK
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 34
Date of Death: 29/06/1915
Service No: 15259
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 125-134 or 223-226 228-229 & 328
Memorial: HELLES MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of Mrs. S. Butler, of The Bury, Odiham, Hants; husband of Kate Annie Goodall (formerly Butler), of 5, Mildmay Terrace, Hartley Wintney.
Name: BEAGLEY, WALTER
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Lance Corporal
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 1st Bn.
Date of Death: 01/07/1916
Service No: 7112
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Pier and Face 7 C and 7 B
Memorial: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL
Name: CHANDLER, EDWIN SPENCER
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Second Lieutenant
Regiment/Service: Sherwood Foresters (Notts and Derby Regiment)
Unit Text: 10th Bn.
Age: 20
Date of Death: 14/02/1916
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 39 and 41
Memorial: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of Maria Corderoy Chandler, of 7, Albany Rd., St. Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, and the late George Chandler.
Name: CHAPMAN, WILLIAM HENRY
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Sergeant
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 'C' Coy. 1st/4th Bn.
Age: 22
Date of Death: 21/01/1916
Service No: 200847
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 21 and 63
Memorial: BASRA MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of John and Florence Annie Chapman, of 'Woodlands', West Green, Hants.
Name: CHARTER, E
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Nottinghamshire Yeomanry (Sherwood Rangers)
Date of Death: 10/09/1915
Service No: 1809
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: I. E. 22
Cemetery: GREEN HILL CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Mrs Ann Bennett, of Dipley Common, Winchfield, Hants.
Name: CHARTER, H
No record at CWGC.
Name: CHILD, ALFRED, J
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Date of Death: 08/08/1915
Service No: 14905
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 125-134 or 223-226 228-229 & 328
Memorial: HELLES MEMORIAL
Name: COOK, S J
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Rifleman
Regiment/Service: London Regiment (London Rifle Brigade)
Unit Text: 1st/5th Bn.
Age: 24
Date of Death: 16/06/1918
Service No: 372323
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: I. D. 4
Cemetery: LIGNY-ST. FLOCHEL BRITISH CEMETERY, AVERDOINGT
Additional information: Son of Walter and Alice Cook, of Rusper, Sussex; husband of Clara E. Cook, of 33, North Side, Clapham Common, London.
Name: COOK, W A
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Royal Warwickshire Regiment
Unit Text: 1st Bn.
Date of Death: 15/04/1918
Service No: 34828
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: III. F. 4
Cemetery: ST. VENANT-ROBECQ ROAD BRITISH CEMETERY, ROBECQ
Name: COOK, WILLIAM FRANK
Initials: W E (memorial), W F (CWGC)
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Service No: 201270
Date of Death: 24/02/1917
Age: 29
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment, (3499). 'B' Coy. 1st/4th Bn.
Panel Reference: Panel 21 and 63
Memorial: BASRA MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Husband of Annie Elizabeth Cook, of 9, Gas House Cottages, Hartley Wintney.
Name: COOPER, GEORGE THOMAS
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 15th Bn.
Date of Death: 07/06/1917
Service No: 14895
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 35
Memorial: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL
Name: COX, WILLIAM
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 31
Date of Death: 29/06/1915
Service No: 14825
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 125-134 or 223-226 228-229 & 328
Memorial: HELLES MEMORIAL
Additional information: Husband of Mrs. M. S. Sackley (formerly Cox), of 1, The Cricket Green, Hartley Wintney.
Name: CRUMPLIN, WILLIAM
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 1st Bn.
Age: 27
Date of Death: 02/11/1914
Service No: 7619
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 6
Memorial: PLOEGSTEERT MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of William G and Ellen Crumplin, of Cricket Green, Hartley Wintney.
Name: CORDERY, CHARLES
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment)
Unit Text: 7th Bn.
Date of Death: 23/03/1918
Service No: G/23651
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 14 and 15
Memorial: POZIERES MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of Mr. S. and Mrs. J. Cordery, of 9, Albion Place, Hartley Wintney.
Name: CUBIT, W
No record at CWGC.
Name: DAVIS, F
No record at CWGC.
Name: DUNNETT, LAWRENCE EDWIN
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Second Lieutenant
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force
Unit Text: 27th Sqdn.
Age: 19
Date of Death: 10/05/1918
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: I. F. 14
Cemetery: CAIX BRITISH CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Frederick C. and Agnes Dunnett, of the Bank House, Hartley Wintney.
Name: DUNNETT, RAYMOND FREDERICK
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Lieutenant
Regiment/Service: Royal Flying Corps
Unit Text: 5th Bn. Central Flying School (Upavon)
Date of Death: 17/11/1917
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: South-east of Church
Cemetery: HARTLEY WINTNEY (ST. MARY) OLD CHURCHYARD
Additional information: Son of Mr. F. C. Dunnett, of Bank House, Hartley Wintney.
Name: EADES, HERBERT
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment)
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 22
Date of Death: 07/11/1914
Service No: L/10242
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 11 - 13 and 14
Memorial: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of Mrs. Fanny Eades, of Hartford Bridge, Hartley Witney.
Name: ELLIS, HENRY JOHN
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 3rd Bn.
Secondary Regiment: Labour Corps
Secondary Unit Text: transf. to (340417) 441st Agricultural Coy.
Age: 31
Date of Death: 08/02/1918
Service No: 34400
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: North-east of church
Cemetery: HARTLEY WINTNEY (ST. MARY) OLD CHURCHYARD
Additional information: Son of James and Jane Ellis.
Name: ELLIS, W J
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 31
Date of Death: 20/01/1918
Service No: 7536
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: V. K. 20
Cemetery: OXFORD ROAD CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Mrs. C. Ellis, of Cricket Green, Hartley Wintney, and the late Mr. T. Ellis.
Name: FORD, LINDEN
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Company Sergeant Major
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 1st/4th Bn.
Date of Death: 04/02/1917
Service No: 200759
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 21 and 63
Memorial: BASRA MEMORIAL
Name: FITCH, JOHN WALTER NEWLAND
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Ordinary Telegraphist
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy
Date of Death: 05/06/1916
Service No: J/30922(PO)
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: F. 106
Cemetery: LYNESS ROYAL NAVAL CEMETERY
Name: FULBROOK, FREDERICK WILLIAM GEORGE
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 'Y' Coy. 2nd Bn.
Age: 20
Date of Death: 04/06/1915
Service No: 14626
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: M. 60
Cemetery: ALEXANDRIA (CHATBY) MILITARY AND WAR MEMORIAL CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Elizabeth Ann Plumbley (formerly Fulbrook), of Winchester, and the late William George Fulbrook.
Name: GALE, A J
No record at CWGC.
Name: GARDNER, B G C
No record at CWGC.
Name: GARMEY, FREDERICK JAMES
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Sapper
Regiment/Service: Royal Engineers
Unit Text: 3rd/3rd Wessex Field Coy.
Age: 27
Date of Death: 30/05/1916
Service No: 5048
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: South-east of church
Cemetery: HARTLEY WINTNEY (ST. MARY) OLD CHURCHYARD
Additional information: Son of Harriet Garmey, of Cricket Green, Hartley Wintney, and the late James Garmey.
Name: GRAVES, F
Two possible entries at CWGC.
Name: GREGORY, F
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Service No: 355911
Date of Death: 02/11/1918
Age: 30
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment, 'C' Coy., 1st/9th Bn.
Grave Reference: 9. A. 9
Cemetery: DELHI WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of the late James and Elizabeth Gregory, of West Meon, Hants.
Name: GREGORY, S
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 25
Date of Death: 28/08/1916
Service No: 22550
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: IX. D. 4A
Cemetery: LIJSSENTHOEK MILITARY CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. Gregory, of 1, Dipley Common, Winchfield, Hants.
Name: HALL, FREDERICK
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Corporal
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd/4th Bn.
Age: 23
Date of Death: 10/04/1918
Service No: 200573
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: U. 2
Cemetery: RAMLEH WAR CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Samuel Charles and Harriett Hall, of 15, Mildmay Terrace, Hartley Witney.
Name: HANCOCK, FRANCIS EDWIN
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Corporal
Regiment/Service: Royal Dublin Fusiliers
Unit Text: 9th Bn.
Age: 23
Date of Death: 23/10/1916
Service No: 20181
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 44 and 46
Memorial: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of Harry and Caroline Hancock, of 'Mercote', Jordans Village, Beaconsfield, Bucks.
Name: HANSFORD, CHARLES ERNEST
Initials: E (memorial), C E (CWGC)
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Service No: 25974
Date of Death: 31/07/1917
Age: 19
Regiment/Service: Grenadier Guards, 1st Bn.
Grave Reference: XXX. H. 10.
Cemetery: NEW IRISH FARM CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Henry J. Hansford, of Ivy Cottage, Elms Rd., Hook, Hants.
Name: HAZELL, ALBERT EDWARD
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 30
Date of Death: 06/08/1915
Service No: 14892
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 125-134 or 223-226 228-229 & 328
Memorial: HELLES MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of Mr. and Mrs. David Hazell, of Hartley Wintney; husband of Ada Hazell, of 2, Albion Cottages, Hartley Wintney.
Name: HOARE, W
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment)
Unit Text: 1st Bn.
Age: 39
Date of Death: 27/07/1915
Service No: 3855
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: I. C. 5
Cemetery: WOBURN ABBEY CEMETERY, CUINCHY
Additional information: Son of Alfred Hoare, of Cove, Farnborough; husband of Alice Chittenden (formerly Hoare), of 15, Mildmay Terrace, Hartley Wintney.
Name: HOWARD, STEPHEN
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 24
Date of Death: 02/12/1917
Service No: 200434
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 7
Memorial: CAMBRAI MEMORIAL, LOUVERVAL
Additional information: Son of Mary Howard, of Cricket Green, Hartley Wintney, and the late Charles Thomas Howard.
Name: ALDWORTH, JOHN RICHARD ST LEGER
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Major
Regiment/Service: Royal Ulster Rifles
Unit Text: 2nd Bn.
Age: 29
Date of Death: 10/06/1944
Service No: 117163
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: IX. D. 2
Cemetery: LA DELIVRANDE WAR CEMETERY, DOUVRES
Additional information: Son of Maj. J. C. O. Aldworth and Mrs. L. S. C. Aldworth; husband of Margaret Jean Aldworth.
Name: ARNOLD, JAMES PETER
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Sergeant (Flt. Engr.)
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve
Unit Text: 76 Sqdn.
Date of Death: 07/09/1943
Service No: 909128
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Coll. grave 9. D. 25-28
Cemetery: DURNBACH WAR CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of James and Alice Arnold.
Name: ARNOLD, ROBERT CYRIL
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
Unit Text: 1/5th Bn.
Age: 24
Date of Death: 08/09/1941
Service No: 6087504
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Plot G. Row T. Grave 8
Cemetery: HARTLEY WINTNEY (ST. MARY) OLD CHURCHYARD
Additional information: Son of James and Maria Arnold, of Hartley Wintney.
Name: BALLANCE, IVOR HAMILTON
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Electrical Lieutenant
Regiment/Service: Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve
Unit Text: H.M.S. Trinidad.
Age: 30
Date of Death: 29/03/1942
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 77, Column 1
Memorial: PLYMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL
Additional information: Son of Sir Hamilton Ashley Ballance, K.B.E., C.B., M.S., F.R.C.S., and of Lady Ballance, of Hartley Wintney. 2nd Class Hon. Tripos, Mechanical Science (Cantab.).
Name: BALLANCE, TRISTAN GEORGE LANCE
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Major
Regiment/Service: Durham Light Infantry
Unit Text: 16th Bn.
Age: 27
Date of Death: 04/12/1943
Service No: 73434
Awards: M C
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: II, E, 21
Cemetery: MINTURNO WAR CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Sir Hamilton Ashley Ballance, K.B.E., C.B., M.S., F.R.C.S., and of Lady Ballance, of Redgrave, Suffolk. B.A. (Oxon.); Cricket Blue.
Name: BROWN, IAN ANDREW MONCRIEFF
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Captain
Regiment/Service: Grenadier Guards
Unit Text: 6th Bn.
Age: 26
Date of Death: 10/09/1943
Service No: 130875
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: III. D. 11
Cemetery: SALERNO WAR CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Andrew Moncrieff Brown and Gwendoline Mary Brown, of Hartley Wintney.
Name: BUCKLAND, HENRY THOMAS LESLIE
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment
Unit Text: 2/4th Bn.
Age: 23
Date of Death: 08/04/1943
Service No: 5500926
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: VIII. E. 5
Cemetery: ENFIDAVILLE WAR CEMETERY
Additional information: Son of Thomas and Ethel Buckland, of Hartley Wintney.
Name: BURROW, ARCHIBALD RAYMOND
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Sergeant (U/T),)
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve
Age: 24
Date of Death: 26/02/1941
Service No: 759248
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Plot G. Row T. Grave 17
Cemetery: HARTLEY WINTNEY (ST. MARY) OLD CHURCHYARD
Additional information: Son of Archibald and Dorothy G. Burrow, of Lower Feltham, Middlesex.
Name: COOPER, SIDNEY GEORGE THOMAS
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Cook (S)
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy
Unit Text: H.M.S. Courageous.
Date of Death: 17/09/1939
Service No: P/MX 54570
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 35, Column 3
Memorial: PORTSMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL
Name: DEAR, EDWARD DUDLEY
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Pilot Officer
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve
Unit Text: 502 Sqdn.
Date of Death: 12/03/1941
Service No: 82695
Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 32
Memorial: RUNNYMEDE MEMORIAL
All information is provided in good faith but, on occasions errors may occur. Should this be the case, if new information can be verified please supply it to the author and corrections will then be made.
This memorial has been compiled with additional information by kind permission of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, and from Ancestry.co.uk
Broadway Village War Memorial, Worcestershire.
Main Street, Broadway,
In memory of the men of Broadway who died in the war of MCMXIV - XIX and in honour of their comrades.
1914 - 1919
BARNETT George. Private 9562, 1st Royal Warwickshire Regiment died 9th July 1915 aged 28. Son of William and Mary Ann Barnett, of 29, Council Cottages, Leamington Road, Broadway, Worcs. Commemorated the Menin Gate Memorial, Ypres, Belgium.
BAYLISS James Josiah. Private 278004 Labour Corps, formerly Private 25249, Worcestershire Regiment died 2nd March 1919 at Military Hospital, Fovant, Wiltshire. He was the husband of Minnie Elizabeth A nee Mustoe who at the time of his death was living care of Mrs Miles, of the Brighton Arms, Bath Road, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. ( His widow was granted a war gratuity on the 11th September 1919. At rest in St. Eadburgh Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire. (CWGC have J.T.)
BILLEY William Robert. Private 34604, 2nd Worcestershire Regiment died 21st May 1917 aged 19. Son of Albert William and Lilian Billey, of Tower View, Broadway, Worcs. At rest in Croisilles British Cemetery, France.
BISHOP William. Private 203259, 10th Worcestershire Regiment died 22nd March 1918. Husband of Fanny Bishop, (nee Malin) of 48 New Cottages, Broadway, Worcestershire. His widow, Fanny, was granted a war gratuity on the 9th January 1920, revised on the 4th February 1920. At rest in Beaumetz Cross Roads Cemetery, Beaumetz-Les-Cambrai, France.
CLARKE Albert Henry. Private 15372, 11th Worcestershire Regiment died 25th April 1917 aged 24. Son of Albert and Emma Mary Clarke, of Springfield Road, Broadway, Worcs. Commemorated on the Doiran Memorial, Greece.
CLARKE Bertram. Private 30483, 2nd Worcestershire Regiment died 16th April 1918 aged 22. Son of Mrs. Caroline Clarke, of Hill Side Cottage, Broadway, Worcs. Commemorated on the Ploegsteert Memorial, Belgium.
COLLINS Archibald, (Archie) William. Private 16263, 10th Gloucestershire Regiment died 26th September 1915 aged 19. Son of Charles William and Mary Jane Collins, of 11, New Cottages, Broadway, Worcs. At rest in Noeux-Les-Mines Communal Cemetery, France.
CRUMP William George. Yeoman of Signals 220097, H.M.S. Revenge, Royal Navy died 16th March 1919 aged 32. Husband of Mary E. Crump, of Elm Tree House, High Street, Campden, Glos. Native of Broadway, Worcs. At rest in Ford Park Cemetery, Plymouth, Devon.
CULL John (Jack) Sydney. Private 47558, 15th Squadron,Machine Gun Corps, (Cavalry) formerly Worcestershire Hussars (Worcester Yeomanry) died 25th October 1918 aged 27. Son of John Ernest and Ruth Sylvester Cull, of The Sumacs, Badsey, husband of Maude Marion Cull, of 4, White City Estate, Broadway, Hereford and Worcester. Commemorated on the Tehran Memorial, Iran.
DAFFURN Thomas. Driver 17522, B Battery, 98th Brigade, (XVI Corps, Headquarters) Royal Field Artillery. Son of Charles and Eliza Daffurn, of High St., Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in Addolorata Cemetery, Malta.
EARP John William. (Memorial has J E) Sergeant 88389, Royal Artillery killed in action 17th November 1917. Born in Broadway, Worcestershire, enlisted at Colchester, Essex. (Wills and Admin, Ancestry) He lived at Broadway, Worcestershire, Sergeant, Royal Field Artillery died in France 17th November 1917. His effects went to his wife,Mary Elizabeth Earp
EDWARDS Harry. Pioneer 37053, 3rd Division, Signals Coy, Royal Engineers died 25th March 1917 aged 30. Son of Thomas Edwards, of 7, Jerusalem Walk, Kidderminster, Worcs, husband of Caroline Edwards, of 48, Council Cottages, Broadway, Worcs. Commemorated on the Basra Memorial, Iraq.
EMMS Ebenezer Eveling. Private 146497, 424th Agricultural Coy, Labour Corps, formery, Private 32962, Royal Berkshire Regiment died 6th November 1918 aged 34. Son of George William Emms, husband of Marion Jane Emms, of Church Cottages, Broadway. Born at Broadway. St rest in St Eadburgh Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire.
FIGGETT Wilfred (also known as Wilford) Charles. Private 10503, 2nd Warwickshire Regiment killed in action 25th September 1915 aged 23. Born at lived at Broadway, Worcestershire, enlisted at Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire. He was the son of Wilford John and Anna nee Lambley. She died in 1900 aged 29. In 1911 he was living with his father, siblings and stepmother, Annie Maria nee Kyte, at Chapel Row, Broadway, occupation market gardener. At the tim of his death his father was living at Church Street, Broadway. He was the husband of Tryphena Jane Hill (formerly Figgitt, nee Cooke), of 55, Council Cottages, Broadway, Worcestershire. He was married as Wilford Charles FIGGITT at Cardiff, South Wales in 1912. His birth was registered at Evesham, Worcestershire as Wilfrid Charles Figgitt. His wife was granted a war gratuity on the 20th December 1915, revised on the 6th August 1919. He is commemorated on the Loos Memorial, France
FLOWER Oswald Swift. Lieutenant Colonel, 13th Royal Welsh Fusiliers died 12th July 1916 aged 45. Son of Edgar and Isabella Flower, of Middlehill Park, Broadway, Worcs. At rest in Morlancourt British Cemetery, No1, Somme, France.
BOX William Arthur. Private M/340163, Mechanical Transport Spare Parts Depot, Army Service Corps died in Africa on the 14th January 1918. Born in 1880 at Broadway Worcestershire to Joseph and Fanny, nee Kempson. In 1881 he was living with his parents at Main Street, Broadway. In 1911 he is parents were living at High Street, Broadway. He was living with his wife, Susan Alice, nee Stokes and their children at Laverton, near Broadway, He is at rest in Dar Es Salaam War Cemetery, Tanzania.
FOLKES Alfred . Private 23203, King's Company, 1st Grenadier Guards died 29th September 1918 aged 31 after he was discharged from the army. Husband of Millicent Annie Sysum (formerly Folkes), of 37, Spring Meadow, Lydney, Glos. Born at Broadway. Served in France. At rest in St Eadburgh Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire.
FOLKES Francis, (Frank) Alfred. Private2414, 1/1st Worcester Yeomanry killed in action 23rd April 1916 in Egypt. Son of James William and Alice of Church Street, Broadway, Worcestershire. His father, James William was granted a war gratuity on the 21st April 1917, revised on the 18th September 1919. Commemorated on the Jerusalem Memorial, Israel and Palestine (including Gaza)
GAME Hubert John. Lieutenant Royal Field Artillery, attached to Royal Flying Corps as Captain, killed 8th June 1917 aged 26. (Wills and Admin, Ancestry) He lived at Barn House, Broadway, Worcestershire, Lieutenant, Royal Artillery attached to the Royal Flying Corps, died 8th June 1917 at Narborough, Norfolk. His effects went to Squire, George Beale Game, his father, his mother was called Clara, nee Vincent. He was serving with the 53rd Training Squadron when he was killed when he was looping, when the plane he was flying, B.E.2, broke up At rest in All Saints Churchyard, Narborough, Norfolk
www.rafmuseumstoryvault.org.uk/pages/raf_vault.php?
www.rafmuseumstoryvault.org.uk/archive/game-h.j.-hubert-john
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_B.E.2
GARDENER W Unable to find the correct record for this person held by the CWGC (Gardiner and Gardner also checked)
GODDARD Arthur Harold. Private 37889, 1/5th Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, formerly Private 20382, 7th Training Reserve Battalion killed in action 14th April 1918. Born in 1900 at Cow, Honeybourne, Gloucestershire to George and Ruth Elizabeth. In 1911 he was living with his parents and siblings at Murcott, Childs Wickham, near Broadway, Worcestershire. He is commemorated on the Ploegsteert Memorial, Belgium.
GREEN Leonard Frank. Corporal 240841, 1/8th Worcestershire Regiment died 27th August 1917 aged 20. Son of Harold Joseph and Mary Ann Green, of High Street, Broadway, Worcestershire. Commemorated on the Tyne Cot Memorial, Belgium.
HAINES Cecil Frank. Private 4623, 12th City of London Battalion. The Rangers, killed in action 9th September 1916. He was born in 1889 at Broadway, Worcestershire. In 1901 he was living with his parents Hubert John and Annie Sophia at Buckland, Gloucestershire. 1911 he was a footman to Viscount Acheson at 15 Chesham Street, Belgravia Square, London. (Wills and Admin, Ancestry) He lived at 4 Whinfield Road, Claines, Worcestershire . Private with the 12th London Regiment died 9th September 1916 on active service in France. His effects went to his sister, Adelina Maud Haines. He is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France.
HENSLEY George. Private M2/148096, 284th Company, Army Service Corps, died 14th May 1918 at Endell Street Hospital, Holborn, London. He was born in 1891 to John and Elizabeth of High Street, Broadway, Worcestershire, occupation, gardener. His effects went to his widow, Elsie May Hensley, nee Morris, of Broadway. He was married in 1917 Broadway, Worcestershire. St rest in St Saviour Roman Catholic Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire.
HILL Reginald Bertram. Private 8574, 1st Warwickshire Regiment killed in action 4th July 1915. He was born at Broadway in 1894 to Richard William and Harriet , of Bury End, Broadway, Worcs. In 1911 he was with his father, now a widower and his brother, Alfred Charles, still at Bury End. He was now employed as a bakers assistant aged 17 His brother Alfred served as Private 240658, 1/8th Worcestershire Regiment, he survived the war. At rest in Bard Cottage Cemetery, Belgium. (church has Herbert)
HILLSON Joseph. Private 12240, 1st Gloucestershire Regiment killed in action 17th April 1916. Born at Stepney, London, Enlisted at Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. In 1911 aged 17 he was an apprentice ironmonger to Ernest Warren of North Street, Broadway His parents were Joseph and Lucy nee Bridget. Lucy died in 1899 aged 33 at Whitechapel, London. He is at Maroc British Cemetery, Grenay, France.
INGLES Francis Henry. Private 241275, C Company, 7th Royal West Kent Regiment, formerly 22018, Somerset Light Infantry killed in action 28th March 1918. Born at Broadway, lived and enlisted at Evesham, near, Broadway, Worcestershire, son of Mrs Emily Ingles.
In 1901 he was living with his aunt and uncle, Charles and Eliza Ann Daffurn, nee Ingles at High Street, Broadway. In 1911 he was 2nd Kennel man (Whipper in) for the Hunt at Broadway, aged 19. His aunt, Mrs Eliza Ann Daffurn (nee Ingles) was granted a war gratuity on the 30th October 1919. She had two brothers, Walter Henry and and William, neither married an Emily. Emily could be the wrong name. Not sure who his parents were. No marriage could be found for an Ingles marrying an Emily. There is a marriage of Walter Henry Ingles to Amelia Smith in 1891 at Evesham. Francis has an uncle called Walter Henry, he may have married Amelia. Amelia could be shortened to Emily. He is commemorated on the Pozieres Memorial, Somme, France.
JACKSON Charles. Private 241170, 9th Worcestershire Regiment died in India on the 8th October 1918. He was born at Broadway in 1888 to John and Eliza Jackson who in 1891 were living at China Square, Broadway. In 1911 he, his parents and siblings were still living in Chine Square, he was working as a farm labourer. His widow Agnes Maria (nee Taylor) was granted a war gratuity on the 22nd September 1919. She remarried to a Thomas Bowles in 1920 and they were living at Sedgeberrow, Worcestershire. At rest in Belgaum Government Cemetery, India
JORDAN Walter. Private 202406, 1/5th Worcestershire Regiment killed in action 31st July 1917. Born in 1898 at Bewas Hill, Badsey, near Broadway to Charles and Bertha. In 1911 he was living with his parents and siblings at Colletts Field, Broadway. He was employed aged 13 as a grocers errand boy. Commemorated on the Menin Gate Memorial, Ypres, Belgium.
KEYTE Charles Hubert. Private 27819, 3rd Worcestershire Regiment died 22nd August 1916 aged 25. Son of Joseph and Emma Keyte, of Broadway, husband of Lilian Annie Keyte, of The Busy Bee, Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in Authuile Military Cemetery, Somme, France
LAYTON Alfred. Private 22994, 9th Worcestershire Regiment died 27th June 1916 aged 26. Son of Henry Layton, husband of Nora Cook (formerly Layton), of High Street, Broadway, Worcs. At rest in Amara War Cemetery, Iraq.
HAINES Gerald. Private 14024, 2nd Worcestershire Regiment killed in action 15th May 1915 aged 20. Born in Broadway, enlisted at Evesham both in Worcestershire. Son of Hubert John and Annie Sophia, nee Crisp of Buckland, Gloucestershire. In 1911 he is living with his parents and siblings at Aston Somerville Rectory, Broadway, Worcestershire. Commemorated on the Le Touret Memorial, France.
PAINTER Sidney John. Private M2/033139, 5th Division, Supply Column, Army Service Corps died 9th May 1915 aged 23.Born on the 13th November 1897 at Fairford, Gloucestershire, lived at Broadway Worcestershire, son of George Isaac and Sarah Irene Painter, of "Fairfield," Station Road, Broadway, Worcestershire. In 1911 he was a motor engineer apprentice. At rest in Les Gonards Cemetery, Versailles, France.
PARKER Ernest Harold. Poss Private 17070, 14th Royal Warwickshire Regiment died 7th May 1917 aged 26. Born at Stourbridge, Worcestershire in 1886 to Herbert Henry and Amelia. In 1901 he was living with his parents and siblings at Lower Hill Street, Stourbridge. At the time of his death his parents were living at 30, Council Houses, Broadway, Worcestershire. He is commemorated on the Arras Memorial, France.
PARKER William (Willie )John. Private 2444, Warwickshire Yeomanry died 17th April 1915 aged 20 at Ham Green Isolation Hospital (Tuberculosis) , Bristol. Son of Arthur and Alice of Leamington Road, Broadway, Worcestershire. In 1911 he was an assistant butcher. His father, Arthur was granted a war gratuity on the 24th August 1915, revised on the 30th August 1919. He is commemorated on a Screen Wall at Arnos Vale Cemetery, Bristol, Gloucestershire
PERRY John. (Mentioned in Despatches) Sergeant SE/17110, Royal Army Veterinary Corps, attached to the Guards Brigade, died 15th February 1919 aged 35. Son of Thomas and Angelina Perry, of Broadway, Worcs, husband of Annie Perry, of The Bow, Carlisle. Enlisted voluntarily. He is at rest in Cologne Southern Cemetery, Germany. (He may have been a P.O.W. being buried so far away from the front)
RASTALL Frank. (memorial has E) Private 241819, 1/8th Worcestershire Regiment died of wounds 19th October 1918 aged 28.Son of Elisha and Harriet Rastall, of Broadway, Worcs. In 1911 he was still living with his parents and siblings at High Street, Broadway, occupation, groom. At rest in Serain Communal Cemetery Extension, France.
RUSSELL Joe Edgar. Private 9570, 9th Royal Warwickshire Regiment killed in action19th April 1916 at Mesopotamia. Born in 1886 at Broadway, Worcestershire to Joseph and Frances. In 1901 he was living with his parents and siblings at Forley, Kintbury, Berkshire. 1911 now with his parents and siblings at Leamington Road, Broadway, occupation, footman. Commemorated on the Basra Memorial, Iraq. Birth registered as Joe Edgar, 1886 at Evesham.
C. Sandals . Not been able to find the correct record held by the CWGC
Not recorded with the link below
www.everymanremembered.org/search/
It may be the following.
SANDELL George. Lance Corporal 3674, 1st Super Company, 8th Worcestershire Regiment. Enlisted on the 26th October 1914, discharged on the 19th October 1915. Died in December 1917
His army records show he first joined up at the age of 18 and 4 months, occupation, labourer, into the Worcestershire Regiment as private 7206. His parents were James and Annie of Bury End, Broadway. He had previously served 5 years in the Boys Regiment. He was posted to South Africa with the 2nd Worcestershire Regiment from the 7th February 1903and was invalided back to England on S.S. Dunera. He was dis charged from the army on the 8th March 1904 suffering from rheumatic fever.
He re-joined the Worcestershire Regiment on the 26th October 1914, aged 31 as Lance Corporal 3674 , occupation market gardener. His next of kin was his wife Mabel Lilian, nee Luker (who he married on the 5th December 1910 at Stow on the Wold parish church, Gloucestershire. He was aged 25, living at Broadway, occupation, labourer. She was aged 21, spinster of Stow on the Wold, daughter of William). of 35 New Cottages, Broadway. He was discharged medically unfit for further service under Para 399 XVI King's Regulations at Halton Park Camp, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire suffering from Phthisis Pulmonalis, formerly known as Tunerculosis (TB)
Not in his records.
In 1911 he was living with his wife at Leamington Road, Broadway, occupation, army pensioner, market gardener. He died of tuberculosis on 8th December 1917 and is at rest in St Eadburgha Churchyard, Snowshill Road, Broadway,
SCRIVENS George . Private 21387, 4th Worcestershire Regiment died 6th August 1915 aged 27. Son of Thomas and Harriet Scrivens, of Broadway, Worcs. Commemorated on the Helles Memorial, Turkey (including Gallipoli)
STANLEY Alec Silvester. Private 42530, 2nd Worcestershire Regiment died 17th April 1918 aged 22. Only son of William and Alice Adela Stanley, of 27, New Cottages, Broadway, Worcester. Commemorated on the Ploegsteert Memorial, Belgium.
STANLEY Charles Robert. Gunner 59030, B Battery, 86th Brigade, Royal Artillery died 14th September 1916 aged 30. Son of Thomas Stanley, of High Street, Broadway, Worcs. At rest in Berks Cemetery Extension, Belgium.
TALBOT Stanley Alfred. 2nd Lieutenant, North Staffordshire Regiment attached 9th Battalion The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment. Died 19th October 1916 aged 32. Son of Walter Charles and Alice Maria Talbot, of Sunshine Cottage, Hinwick, Wellingborough. (Wills and Admin, Ancestry) He lived at Smallbrook, Broadway, Worcestershire, second lieutenant 9th (Service) Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment died 19th October 1916 on active service in France. His effects went to Walter Charles Talbot, Congregational minister. At rest in Tincourt New British Cemetery, France.
TANDY Wilfred. Private 10754, 9th Royal Warwickshire Regiment died 7th August 1915 aged 30. Son of Emma Jane Tandy, of Pinhorne Cottages, High Street, Broadway, Worcs. Commemorated on the Helles Memorial, Turkey (including Gallipoli)
TEBBY Walter John. Private 29004, 14th Welsh Regiment died of wounds 23rd July 1916. Born at Syresham, Northamptonshire, lived at Chobham, Surrey and enlisted at Swansea, South Wales.
In 1911 he was living with his parents Thomas and Lydia Rosa at Broadway Wood, Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in St Eadburgh Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire.
TUSTIN Jack. Private 36116, 14th Royal Warwickshire Regiment died of wounds 39th September 1918 aged 19. Son of Algernon Ernest and Emma Tustin, of North Place, Broadway, Worcs. In 1911 he was living with his parents at High Street, Broadway. At rest in Grevillers British Cemetery, France.
VINCENT Ernest Edward. Private 27767, 1st Grenadier Guards died 27th September 1918 aged 37. Son of William and Mary Vincent, of Broadway, Worcs, husband of Ethel Kate Vincent, of 13, Woodborough St., Stapleton Road, Bristol. At rest in Sanders Keep Military Cemetery, Graincourt-Les-Havincourt, France.
WALE Edmund Joseph. Lance Corporal 30871, 8th Royal Berkshire Regiment died of wounds on the 4th April 1918. Born at Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland, lived in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire and enlisted at Evesham, Worcestershire. In 1901 he was living with his parents Joseph Samuel and Mary Ann and his brother, Frederick, at Mariner Warden, Dunwich, Kent His father was ex Royal Navy 59452, first ship he served on was HMS Bellerophon 1st January 1873, last ship was Hotspur, 31st December 1892. Now serving with the Coast Guard.
In 1911 he was married and living with his wife, Millicent Mary, (nee Smedley) at Russell House Cottage, Broadway, Worcestershire, occupation, gardener. His widow was granted a war gratuity on the 3rd July 1919, revised on the 6th August 1919. He is commemorated on the Pozieres Memorial, Somme, France.
1939 - 1945
CLARKE Robert Warner. Able Seaman P/JX321879, H.M.Submarine P.311, Royal Navy died 8th January 1943 aged 19. Son of Frank Thomas Clarke and May Clarke, of Broadway, Worcestershire.. Commemorated on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial, Hampshire.
CROSS Brian. (There is only two Brian Cross's listed with the CWGC for WW2 one died aged 4 months in London). It may the following person. Leading Aircraftman 1440292, Royal Air Force (VR) died 21st August 1942 aged 21 in Gloucestershire. Son of James and Kate (Possible nee Thompson) of Leek, Staffordshire. He was cremated at Cheltenham Crematorium, Gloucestershire. There is a memorial in the crematorium to those who were cremated in crematorium for World War Two. This is the only place he is commemorated by the CWGC.
COTTERELL Peter Samuel . Sergeant, Air Gunner 1815603, 158 Squadron, Royal Air Force (VR) died 6th January 1945 aged 21. Son of A. Cotterell and Mildred Agnes Cotterell, of Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in Durnbach War Cemetery, Bayern, Germany
INGLES Horace George. Private 5253093, 1st Worcestershire Regiment died 9th August 1944 aged 30. Son of Dennis George and Mabel Christina Ingles, of Evesham, Worcestershire. His brother Thomas Raymond also fell. At rest in St. Manvieu War Cemetery, Cheux, France
JAMES Sidney Joseph. Flight Sergeant, Wireless Operator, Air Gunner 1583124, 61 Squadron, Royal Air Force (VR) died 15th January 1945 aged 20. Son of Joseph Charles and Annie Elizabeth James, of Broadway. At rest in St Eadburgh Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire.
OWEN Edward Millman. Ordinary Seaman P/JX 226068, H.M.S. Kashnir Royal Navy died 23rd May 1941 aged 20. Son of Edmund Beauchamp Owen and Marcelle Marie Louise Gabrielle Owen, of Okehampton, Devon. The ship was attacked by German aircraft which was hit and sank with in two minutes. Commemorated on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial, Hampshire.
PROCTOR Edgar William. Flight Sergeant, Air Gunner 1313237, 44 squadron, Royal Air Force (VR) died 22nd January 1944 aged 22. Son of Thomas and Emily Proctor, husband of Kathleen Elsie Proctor, of Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in Berlin 1939-1945 War Cemetery, (South Berlin, not to far from Spandau) Germany
CLARKE Sidney Richard. Lance Corporal 11416496, 7th York and Lancaster Regiment died 1st April 1946 aged 24. Son of F. T. Clarke and May Clarke, of Broadway. At rest in St Eadburgh Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire.
CROSS Frederick. Private 5249458, 1st Worcestershire Regiment died 16th August 1944 aged 33. Son of Thomas and Ellen Cross, husband of Alice Mary Cross, (nee Green) of Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in Bannevile-La-Campagne War Cemetery, France
HANDY Frederick Yates . Driver T/70973 Royal Army Service Corps died between the 27th May 1940 and the 2nd June 1940 aged 26. Son of Clarence Thomas Handy and Annie Maria Handy, of Broadway, Worcestershire, husband of J. Handy, of Regents Park, London. Commemorated on the Dunkirk Memorial, France
INGLES Thomas Raymond. Able Seaman D/KX368713, H.M.S. Kite, (U87), Royal Navy died 21st August 1944 aged 22. ((Extract from Wikipedia) At 06:30 on 21 August, Kite slowed to 6 knots (11 km/h) to untangle her "foxers" (anti acoustic torpedo noise makers, towed astern). The decision to do so, rather than severing the foxers' cables and abandoning them, was made by her temporary commander, Lt Cdr Campbell, a submariner. At that speed Kite was a sitting duck, and she was hit by two torpedoes from U-344 (commanded by Oberleutnant Ulrich Pietsch) and sank) . Son of Dennis and Christina Ingles, husband of Marjorie May Ingles, of West Bollington, Cheshire. His brother of Horace George who also fell. Commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial, Devon.
uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship3327.html
JESSUP (memorial has JESSOP) Alexander Anthony. Sergeant Observer 911895, 51 Squadron, Royal Air Force VR died 8th September 1941 aged 20. The plane he and four other crew were returning from a bombing raid over Berlin. As the pilot attempted to land at RAF Station, Dishford for the second time. The aircraft stalled and then crashed at o5.50 hours. Thee were killed at the scene, two died later that day at the station sick quarters. Son of Alexander Marion Jessup and Carmen De Minondo Jessup, of Paris, France; nephew of Mr. A. C. Jessup, of Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in Dishforth Cemetery, Yorkshire
www.yorkshire-aircraft.co.uk/aircraft/yorkshire/york41/z6...
PEMBERTON David Alwyne. Distinguished Flying Cross, Squadron Leader, Pilot 33036, 1 Squadron, Royal Air Force, died 3rd November 1940 aged 28. Son of Guy Pemberton, F.R.I.B.A. and Emily Muriel Pemberton, of Broadway, Worcestershire. (Wills and Admin, Ancestry) He lived at 42 Leicester Lane, Leamington Spa died 3rd November 1940 at Wittering, Northamptonshire. His effects went to Emily Muriel Pemberton, single woman. At rest in St Eadburgh Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire.
London Gazette dated 1st October 1940. DFC
Squadron Leader David Alwyne PEMBERTON (33036).
This officer has displayed outstanding leadership since the return of his squadron from France. .He has led the squadron on
almost every operation during which time it has destroyed or. damaged fifty one enemy aircraft. His qualities of leadership and personal example have' contributed largely to these successes.
Extract from the book Men of the Battle of Britain.
He was born in Stratford -on-Avon in 1912, educated at Stowe School. Entered the RAF College Cranwell January 1931 as a Flight Cadet. Graduated on 16th December 1932 with a permanent commission. He was killed at dawn on the 3rd November 1940 he was flying back from Collyweston to Wittering. He did a slow roll and flew into the grounds.
www.bbm.org.uk/airmen/Pemberton.htm
TARRANT Frederick George. Private 14773225, 1st East Lancashire Regiment died 30th July 1945 aged 20. Son of George and Fanny Tarrant, of Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in Reichswald Forest War Cemetery, Germany.
COOK Robert Leonard. Lance Corporal 2618869, 5th Grenadier Guards died 23rd April 1943 aged 23. Son of Robert and Nora Cook, of Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in Medjez-El-Bab War Cemetery, Tunisia.
COTTERELL Maurice Charles Cotterell. Sergeant, Pilot 562657, 90 Squadron, Royal Air Force died 23rd March 1940 aged 27. Son of Charles and Dorothy Cotterell, of Broadway, Worcestershire. At rest in St Mary the Virgin Churchyard, Shawbury, Shropshire.
HARRISON Kenneth John. Ordinary Seaman C/JX319054, H.M.S. Arethusa, Royal Navy died from the attack of an enemy aircraft torpedo at sea 18th November 1942 while on Operation Stoneage near Malta, aged 19. Son of John R. and May E. Harrison, of Broadway, Worcestershire. Commemorated on the Chatham Naval Memorial, Kent
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Arethusa_(26)
INVINE Cyril John. Aircraftman 1st Class 1206953, Royal Air Force, (VR), died 4th May 1943 aged 33. He was born on the 16th October 1909, at Bourton on the Hill, Gloucestershire to William John and Agnes Annie Invine, nee Turner of Laverton, Gloucestershire. He was baptised on the 12th December 1909 at St Lawrence Church, Bourton on the Hill. In 1911 he was living with his parents at Sezincote, Moreton In Marsh, His father served in the great war. He joined up on the 2nd June 1916 aged 34 and 1 month. The same day he was posted into the army reserve. Mobilized on the 13th July 1916 and posted to the Royal Engineers as private 174112
On the 19th July 1916 he was transferred to the 4/2nd Lowland Dive Field Company, Royal Engineers. He was appointed corporal on the 31st January 1919 He was demobilized to Class Z at Chatham on the 1st August 1919 to his home at Broadway. At rest in St Eadburgh New Churchyard, Broadway, Worcestershire.
NEWBURY James Victor. Ordinary Seaman D/JX392157, H.M.S. Escapade, Royal Navy died as the result of a premature explosion of a mortar bomb during attacks in defence of merged convoy, on the 20th September 1943 aged 20, 16 died. Son of Victor Frank and Lucy Gertrude Newbury, of Broadway, Worcestershire. Commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial, Devon.
www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205151992
POOLE James Henry. Leading Aircraftman 610660, Royal Air Force died 8th December 1940 aged 22. Son of Edgar Moss and Amy Louise Poole, of Broadway, Worcestershire, England. At rest in Stellawood Cemetery, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa.
WOODGER Clifford John. Sergeant 421411, 2nd Royal Gloucestershire Hussars, Royal Armoured Corps died 19th November 1941 aged 25. Son of Thomas and Millicent Woodger; husband of Joan Mary Woodger, of Broadway, Worcestershire. Commemorated on the Alamein Memorial, Egypt.
MALAYA 1955
Kenneth Andrew HENSLEY. 2nd Lieutenant 434002, royal Warwickshire Regiment. Born 6th March 1933, killed in action 12th May 1955. Son of Leonard Joseph and Gladys of 12 High Street, Broadway, Worcestershire. (Wills and Admin, Ancestry) He lived at 29, St. Agathas Road, Ward End, Birmingham. Died 12th May 1955 at Kuala Krau Pahang, Malaya. His effects went to Christina Mary Hensley, (nee Barfoot)widow. He was married in 1954. He is at rest in Cheras Road Christian Cemetery, Kula Lumpur, Malaysia
Adelaide’s West Terrace Cemetery
The present location of the cemetery appeared in Colonel William Light’s map of Adelaide.
Curator’s residence and office erected 1907 is the third building on the site. The office door faces the roadway inside the entrance.
Inside the entrance gateway is a tile-roofed shelter, with seats, for visitors.
Following renovations the Authority’s goal [is] to establish the Curator’s Cottage at West Terrace Cemetery as a venue for small to medium public functions. The building will also be available for post-funeral service gatherings for families and loved ones.
*West Terrace Cemetery Extension
The Town Clerk of Adelaide (Mr T G Ellery) reported to the last meeting of the finance committee that a Bill had been prepared to ratify the grant of land by the government to the City Council at West terrace.
The original cemetery site consisted of 61acres, but only 43 has been utilized. The remaining area of 18 acres for over 40 years has been devoted by the municipal authorities to depasturing. It was this portion that the Government sought to secure for burying purposes.
Although the corporation protested against this course, it was ascertained that length of possession did not secure to them the title or to prevent resumption for the objects for which the land had been reserved.
The difficulty has now been overcome by an exchange. The council has decided to give a strip of the park lands west of the cemetery and between the old boundary and the railway line in return for that section facing West terrace.
The value of the transfer from the point of view of the citizens is that the extension of the burial ground will now be confined to a locality at a greater distance from private residences. The Government, however, gets the better of the bargain by approximately two acres. [Ref: Register (Adelaide) 2 August 1904]
*Extending the West Terrace Cemetery
In the course of a few weeks a block of land embracing seven acres will be added to the burial ground available in the West Terrace Cemetery. The new area will be an extension of the cemetery in a south westerly direction, and a staff of men have been employed for some time making roads and pathways and planting trees and shrubs.
A quantity of stone taken from the Jubilee Exhibition Grounds west of the pavilions has been utilised for road construction, and three tracks have been formed, one of which encircles an oval of considerable dimensions, which will be subdivided by pathways. A large number of cedar, plane, and elm trees and shrubs have been put in, and in a few weeks the block will be ready for use, if necessary. This addition to the city burial ground will meet all requirements for many years, and there is no likelihood now of a new necropolis being established for several decades.
The new residence which has been provided for the curator is a decided improvement on the old structure, and quite an ornament to the approach to the cemetery. [Ref: The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide) 16-9-1907]
*A Glimpse of History by Special Reporter
The new fence and officer’s quarters and the beautiful garden at the entrance to the West Terrace Cemetery have improved beyond measure the approach to the graveyard.
Since the present curator (Mr H G Mildred) took charge the remedy has occurred.
The new curator's cottage and offices have also given more accommodation and have generally afforded a cheerier aspect than was formerly presented. [Inside the entrance are] two main drives, neatly rounded and tarred for a considerable distance.
I asked the curator how many were buried in the cemetery. "Nearly 60,000, he replied. If you scan the notices in The Register you will see that there are several funerals every day: and as the population grows so of course must the burials here increase in frequency: so that the thousands soon mount up."
We stepped inside the office, and Mr Mildred produced an old book. The first page was inscribed, "John Monck, first sexton, March 17, 1838." In the cemetery’s first period the books were destroyed by fire. So the first known recorded funeral in the earliest existing book was on July 2, 1840, when James Laffan, aged 30, residence, parklands, was interred.
The first lease of ground in the cemetery was applied for in September 1839, in the name of the Hon Robert Gouger (first Colonial Secretary): and in so leisurely a manner did matters move in those days that it was not granted until December 2.
Other lessees, who closely followed are Messrs Edward Frome, Giles Abbott. G Strickland Kingston, Joseph Fisher, and James Chittleborough.
The latest considerable addition to the cemetery has been the crematorium—a concession to modern notions of sanitary reform in connection with the disposal of the dead.
It was founded by a few enthusiastic citizens, and at the beginning was little used. In the past year or two however, cremations have been fairly frequent; and a row of half a dozen or so of small square marble tombs indicates where the urns containing the ashes of a number of clients of the institution have been deposited in cases where the friends preferred such interment within the grounds rather than to carry the remains of their friends away in private urns. [Ref: Journal (Adelaide) Thursday 15 January 1914]
William Beavis Randell.
David McLaren took out three Special Surveys of the Torrens Valley area for the SA Company in 1839/40. One centred on the River Torrens which flows through what became Gumeracha. The SA Company had a manager’s residence built at Gumeracha named Ludlow House for the sheep and cattle herd manager of their lands there. William Beavis Randell, arrived in South Australia in October 1837 as a SA Company manager and he was sent to work at Ludlow House. William Beavis Randell was born in Devon in England in 1799 and married Mary Ann Bear in 1823 in the village of Kenton near Exeter Devon. He came from a family of flour millers and that was his father’s occupation in Devon. William Beavis Randell’s first born child William Richard Randell arrived in 1824. At the age of 38 William Beavis Randell brought his wife and family of seven children to South Australia including William Richard Randell who was then 13 years old. When William Beavis’ contract with the SA Company expired in 1845 he bought land for himself in Kenton Valley adjacent to Gumeracha. Here he built a grand house, which he called Kenton Park and a flour mill which opened for business in 1847.
Flour milling was such an important industry in early South Australia and William Beavis Randell Senior built his first flour mill at Gumeracha in 1847 which he called Kenton Mills. He had leased and run a flour mill in Kenton Devon before he moved to South Australia. On his land he first built a two storey stone barn in 1841 followed by Kenton Park House in 1844. When he built his first flourmill in 1847 he also built a row of workers cottages for his employees. These 1847 cottages are locally heritage listed and they received an Adelaide Hills Council grant of $20,000 in 2023 for their restoration. Like Kenton Park house they back onto the River Torrens. Directly opposite the flour mill he built Mill Cottage as a residence for his son William Richard Randell and another son John Beavis Randell. Today Mill cottage is a well maintained private stone residence.
The Randall family with seven children moved into the Gothic style Kenton Park house in 1844. Randall had 966 acres of prime land along the River Torrens with some bought from the SA Company Special Survey and some from the government. From 1848 he bought wheat from the early settlers at Blumberg (Birdwood) for processing in his flourmill. One of his sons, Samuel Randell managed a flour mill at Blumberg. William Beavis Randell and the Randell family also bought the flour mill at Mt Pleasant built in 1863 and another at Eden Valley which was managed by William Richard Randell another son of William Randell senior. Then William Beavis Randell also acquired the land for a flour mill in Blumberg from George Fife Angas. He built the Blumberg (Birdwood) mill in 1854 and in 1857 it was destroyed by a fire. It was rebuilt and partially fire damaged again in 1867 when it was rebuilt again. It was owned by William Beavis Randell until his death in late December 1876. Thereafter it was sold to the Pflaum brothers in 1877. They built a grand three storey structure in 1888 and that building is now the National Motor Museum in Birdwood. Much of the flour produced in the Gumeracha flour mill from 1853 onwards was carted by bullock teams to Mannum to be loaded onto a Randell ship for transport up the Murray and Darling rivers and to the gold mining centre of Bendigo and the Murray-Darling River sheep stations! The Randell flour mill was converted to a butter factory in 1883 by William Richard Randell and later it became a butcher’s shop, and an AMSCOL milk depot. More recently a bed and breakfast establishment operated in it before it reverted to a private residence.
William Beavis Randell was a good Baptist and friend of David McLaren the former SA Company manager who was also a Baptist. McLaren had lived in Ludlow House himself for some time. Early Baptist services for the Gumeracha area were held in William Beavis Randell’s barn (built 1841) until the Salem Baptist Church, the oldest Baptist congregation in SA, was built. This congregation was keen to build a church and one opened in 1846 with the first service taken by Reverend Thomas Playford of Mitcham. Randell donated some of his land for this Baptist church which he attended. William Beavis Randell and his wife and numerous family members are buried in the attached cemetery. Until 1899 baptisms were conducted in a spring in the circle of oaks opposite the church but an earthquake at the time dried up the permanent spring which was located there and used for the baptisms.
Randell died at Kenton Park in 1876 and the milling business was then taken over by his son William Richard Randell. William Beavis Randell was an interesting character. But there is a surprise in William Beavis Randell’s story because in the last year of his 77 years of life on 17th August 1876 he married his housekeeper who was only 38 years old. He died on 28th December 1876. His first wife Mary Ann had died in December 1874 and was buried in the Salem cemetery with a simple marble headstone. After William Beavis Randell died a grand marble memorial was built for his grave with Mary Ann Elliot Randell’s name also listed on that headstone although she was buried nearby. His second wife was Phoebe Robbins and by the time Randell died, just four months after the marriage, Phoebe was pregnant with a child who was named John Beavis Randell. William Beavis Randell was buried in the Salem Baptist cemetery in January 1877. After his death Phoebe inherited 100 acres of land but she did not inherit Kenton Park. Phoebe Randell died in 1922. Her son John Beavis Randell bought Kenton Park in 1928 and moved back into the house and he represented Gumeracha in state parliament in the 1920s. He died in 1953. William Beavis Randell had nine children with Mary Ann and John Randell with Phoebe. Kenton Park remained in the Randell family until the year 2000 when it was sold to others.
Few families had such an important impact on the history of the South Australian colony as did the Randell family. The father was a successful flour miller and his son William Richard Randell was the paddle steamer builder, river boat captain and river trader. The father settled in Gumeracha and became its leading citizen and the son established his career in Mannum but then retired back to the family estate of Kenton Park in Gumeracha just before his father’s death. They contributed to the Baptist Church in SA and the state parliament apart from their business interests. The Randell family developed a family logo which encapsulates the varied interests of the family. It has English Oaks which were planted at Kenton Park and in Gumeracha, a paddle wheel representing the river navigation company (and the river race of 1853), and a stone flour mill and chimney which represented the family milling businesses. Their heritage lives on in both Gumeracha and Mannum 186 years after William Beavis Randell arrived in Gumeracha. Below as a small family history chart as their names become confusing
William Beavis Randell 1799-1876. Married Mary Ann Elliott ( Bear) 1823. 10 children.
Married Phoebe Robbins 1876. 1 child.
Established Gumeracha, Kenton Park, flour mill. Buried Salem cemetery.
Their eldest son William Richard Randell. 1823 – 1911.
Married Elizabeth Nichols 1853. 15 children.
Established Mannum, Mary Jane paddle steamer, flour miller. Buried Salem.
Their eldest living son William Beavis Randell 1856 – 1917.
Married Hannah Finlayson 1880. 12 children.
Established dairy factory in mill, potato farmer, at Kenton Park. Buried Salem.
Their eldest living son William Beavis Randell 1886 – 1946.
Married Mary Lander 1916. 3 children.
Peculiarities of American Cities by Captain Willard Glazier
PHILADELPHIA: HUBBARD BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, No. 723 Chestnut Street. 1886
CHAPTER II.
BOSTON.
Geographical Location of Boston.—Ancient Names.—Etymology of the Word Massachusetts.—Changes in the Peninsula.—Noted Points of Interest.—Boston Common.—Old Elm.—Duel Under its Branches.—Soldiers' Monument.—Fragmentary History.—Courtship on the Common.—Faneuil Hall and Market.—Old State House.—King's Chapel.—Brattle Square Church.—New State House.—New Post Office.—Old South Church.—Birthplace of Franklin.—"News Letter."—City Hall.—Custom House.—Providence Railroad Station.—Places of General Interest.
Boston sits like a queen at the head of her harbor on the Massachusetts coast, and wears her crown of past and present glory with an easy and self-satisfied grace. Her commercial importance is large; her ships float on many seas; and she rejoices now in the same uncompromising spirit of independence which controlled the actions of the celebrated "Tea Party" in the pioneer days of '76. Her safe harbor is one of the best on the Atlantic seaboard, and is dotted with over a hundred islands. On some of these, garrisoned forts look grimly seaward.
Boston is built on a peninsula about four miles in circumference, and to this fact may be attributed the origin of her first name, Shawmutt, that word signifying in the Indian vocabulary a peninsula. Its second name, Tremount, took its rise from the three peaks of Beacon Hill, prominently seen from Charlestown by the first settlers there. Many of the colonists were from old Boston, in Lincolnshire, England, and on the seventh of September, 1630, this name supplanted the first two.
BOSTON, AS VIEWED FROM THE BAY.
[Pg 39]
In this connection may be given the etymology of the word Massachusetts, which is somewhat curious. It is said that the red Sachem who governed in this part of the country had his seat on a hill about two leagues south of Boston. It lay in the shape of an Indian arrow's head, which in their language was called Mos. Wetuset, pronounced Wechuset, was also their name for a hill, and the Sachem's seat was therefore named Mosentuset, which a slight variation changed into the name afterwards received by the colony. Boston, as the centre of this colony, began from the first to assume the importance of the first city of New England. Its history belongs not only to itself, but to the country at large, as the pioneer city in the grand struggle for constitutional and political liberty. A large majority of the old landmarks which connected it with the stormy days of the past, and stood as monuments of its primeval history, are now obliterated by time and the steady march of improvements. The face of the country is changed. The three peaks of Beacon Hill, which once lifted themselves to the height of a hundred and thirty feet above the sea, are now cut down into insignificant knolls. The waters of the "black bay" which swelled around its base have receded to give place to the encroachments of the city. Made lands, laid out in streets and set thick with dwellings, supplant the mud flats formerly covered by the tide. Thousands of acres which were once the bed of the harbor are now densely populated.
The house on Harrison avenue where the writer is at present domiciled is located on the spot which once was occupied by one of the best wharves in the city. The largest ocean craft moored to this wharf, on account of the great depth of water flowing around it.[Pg 40] The land has steadily encroached on the water, until the peninsula that was is a peninsula no longer, and its former geographical outlines have dropped out of sight in the whirl and rush of the populous and growing city. A few old landmarks of the past, however, still remain, linking the now and thethen, and among the most prominent of these are Faneuil Hall, the Old South Church, which was founded in 1660, King's Chapel, the Old Granary Burying-ground, Brattle Square Church, quite recently demolished, the old State House, and Boston Common. The Common antedates nearly all other special features of the city, and is the pride of Bostonians. Here juvenile Boston comes in winter to enjoy the exciting exercise of "coasting," and woe to the unwary foot passenger who may chance to collide with the long sleds full of noisy boys which shoot like black streaks from the head of Beacon street Mall, down the diagonal length of the Common, to the junction of Boylston and Tremont streets. This winter (1874-5), owing to several unfortunate accidents to passers-by across the snowy roads of the coasters, elevated bridges have been erected, to meet the wants of the people without interfering with the rights of the boys. The Common was originally a fifty-acre lot belonging to a Mr. Blackstone. This was in 1633. It was designed as a cow pasture and training ground, and was sold to the people of Boston the next year, 1634, for thirty pounds. The city was taxed for this purpose to the amount of not less than five shillings for each inhabitant. Mr. Blackstone afterwards removed to Cumberland, Rhode Island, where he died, in the spring of 1675. It is said that John Hancock's cows were pastured on the Common in the days of the Revolution. On the tenth of May,[Pg 41] 1830, the city authorities forbade the use of the Common for cows, at which time it was inclosed by a two-rail fence. The handsome iron paling which now surrounds the historic area has long since taken the place of the ancient fence.
Perhaps the most noticeable, certainly the most famous object on Boston Common, is the Great Tree, or Old Elm, which stands in a hollow of rich soil near a permanent pond of water, not far from the centre of the enclosure. It is of unknown age. It was probably over a hundred years old in 1722. Governor Winthrop came to Boston in 1630, but before that period the tree probably had its existence. It antedates the arrival of the first settlers, and it seems not unlikely that the Indian Shawmutt smoked the pipe of peace under its pendent branches. In 1844 its height was given at seventy-two and a half feet—girth, one foot above the ground, twenty-two and a half feet. The storms of over two centuries have vented their fury upon it and destroyed its graceful outlines. But in its age and decrepitude it has been tenderly nursed and partially rejuvenated. Broken limbs, torn off by violent gales, have been replaced by means of iron clamps, and such skill as tree doctors may use. In the last century a hollow orifice in its trunk was covered with canvas and its edges protected by a mixture of clay and other substances. Later, in 1854, Mr. J. V. C. Smith, Mayor of the city, placed around it an iron fence bearing the following inscription:—
"The Old Elm."
"This tree has been standing here for an unknown period. It is believed to have existed before the settlement of Boston, being full-grown in 1722. Exhibited[Pg 42] marks of old age in 1792, and was nearly destroyed by a storm in 1832. Protected by an iron inclosure in 1854."
What a long array of exciting events has this tree witnessed! In the stirring days of the Revolution the British army was encamped around it. In 1812 the patriot army occupied the same place, in protecting the town against the invasion of a foreign foe. Tumultuous crowds have here assembled on election and Independence days, and its sturdy branches have faced alike the anger of the elements and the wrath of man. Public executions have taken place under its shadow, and witches have dangled from its branches in death's last agonies. Here, in 1740, Rev. George Whitfield preached his farewell sermon to an audience of thirty thousand people; and here, also, at an earlier date, old Matoonas, of the Nipmuck tribe, was shot to death by the dusky warriors of Sagamore John, on a charge of committing the first murder in Massachusetts Colony. An incident of still more romantic interest belongs to the history of the Old Elm. On July third, 1728, this spot was the scene of a mortal combat between two young men belonging to the upper circle of Boston society. The cause of dispute was the possession of an unknown fair one. The names of the young men were Benjamin Woodbridge and Henry Phillips, both about twenty years old. The time was evening, the weapons rapiers, and Woodbridge was fatally dispatched by a thrust from the rapier of his antagonist. Phillips fled to a British ship of war lying in the harbor, and was borne by fair breezes to English shores. He did not long survive his opponent, however, dying, it is said, of despair, shortly after his arrival in England.[Pg 43]
Frog Pond, or Fountain Pond, near the Old Elm, has been transformed from a low, marshy spot of stagnant water, to the clear sheet which is now the delight of the boys. October twenty-fifth, 1848, the water from Cochituate Lake was introduced through this pond, and in honor of the occasion a large procession marched through the principal streets of the city to the Common. Addresses, hymns, prayers, and songs, were the order of the day, and when the pure water of the lake leaped through the fountain gate, the ringing of bells and boom of cannon attested the joy of the people.
Near the Old Elm and the Frog Pond, on Flagstaff Hill, the corner-stone of a Soldiers' Monument was laid, September eighteenth, 1871. Some idea of the style of the monument may be gathered from the following description:—"Upon a granite platform will rest the plinth, in the form of a Greek cross, with four panels, in which will be inserted bas-reliefs representing the Sanitary Commission, the Navy, the Departure for the War and the Return. At each of the four corners will be a statue, of heroic size, representing Peace, History, the Army, and the Navy. The die upon the plinth will also be richly sculptured, and upon it, surrounding the shaft in alto-relievo, will be four allegorical figures representing the North, South, East and West. The shaft is to be an elegant Doric column, the whole to be surmounted by a colossal statue of America resting on a hemisphere, guarded by four figures of the American eagle, with outspread wings. 'America' will hold in her left hand the national standard, and in her right she will support a sheathed sword, and wreaths for the victors. The extreme height of the monument will be ninety feet. The artist is Martin Millmore, of Boston."[Pg 44]
In the year 1668, a certain Mr. Dunton visited Boston, and wrote the following letter to his friends in England. It will serve to show the custom of Bostonians on training day, and recall some of the scenes which transpired over two hundred years ago on the historic Common. "It is a custom here," he says, "for all that can bear arms to go out on a training day. I thought a pike was best for a young soldier, so I carried a pike; 'twas the first time I ever was in arms. Having come into the field, the Captain called us into line to go to prayer, and then prayed himself, and when the exercise was done the Captain likewise concluded with a prayer. Solemn prayer upon a field, on training day, I never knew but in New England, where it seems it is a common custom. About three o'clock, our exercises and prayers being over, we had a very noble dinner, to which all the clergymen were invited."
In 1640, Arthur Perry was Town Drummer for all public purposes. There being no meeting-house bell in town, he called the congregation together with his drum. "He joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in that capacity, for which yearly service he received five pounds. The second additional musical instrument was a clarionet, performed on by a tall, strapping fellow with but one eye, who headed the Ancient and Honorable a few strides." The first band of music used in Boston was in 1790, at the funeral of Colonel Joseph Jackson. Yearly, for a period of between two and three hundred years, this military company has appeared on the Common, to be received by the Governor of the State, with his aides, who appointed the new commissions for the year to come and received those for the year just past. Their anniversary occurs on the first Monday in June.[Pg 45]
The Brewer Fountain, the Deer Park and the Tremont and Beacon Street Malls complete the list of conspicuous attractions on the Common. The Beacon Street Mall is perhaps the finest, being heavily shaded by thickly-set rows of American elms. A particular portion of this mall is described as the scene of at least one courtship, and how many more may have transpired in the neighborhood history or tradition tells us not!
The "Autocrat of the Breakfast-table" loved the schoolmistress who partook of her daily food at the same board with himself and listened quietly to his wise morning talks, with only an occasional sensible reply. The schoolmistress returned his passion, but the young Autocrat, uncertain of his fate, rashly determined that if she said him "nay" to this most important question of his life, he would take passage in the next steamer bound for Liverpool, and never look upon her face again. The fateful hour which was to decide his fate approached, and the Autocrat proposed a walk. They took the direction of the Beacon Street Mall, and what happened next his own charming pen-picture best describes:
"It was on the Common that we were walking. The mall or boulevard of our Common, you know, has various branches leading from it in different directions. One of these runs down from opposite Joy street, southward, across the length of the whole Common, to Boylston street. We called it the long path, and were fond of it.
"I felt very weak indeed (though of a tolerably robust habit) as we came opposite the head of this path on that morning. I think I tried to speak twice without making myself distinctly audible. At last I got out the question:—'Will you take the long path with me?'[Pg 46]
"'Certainly,' said the schoolmistress, 'with much pleasure.'
"'Think,' I said, 'before you answer; if you take the long path with me now, I shall interpret it that we are to part no more!' The schoolmistress stepped back with a sudden movement, as if an arrow had struck her.
"One of the long, granite blocks used as seats was hard by, the one you may still see close by the Ginko tree. 'Pray, sit down,' I said.
"'No, no,' she answered softly, 'I will walk the long path with you.'"
Propositions to convert the Common into public thoroughfares have ever met with stout resistance from "we the people"—the Commoners of Boston—and only this winter a meeting was held in Faneuil Hall for the purpose of protesting against this causeless desecration. The occasion of the meeting was a clique movement to have a street-car track run through the sacred ground. One of the speakers—a workingman—waxed eloquent on the theme of the "poor man's park, where in summer a soiled son of labor might buy a cent apple and lounge at his ease under the shady trees."
In 1734, by vote of the town, a South End and North End Market were established. Before this the people were supplied with meats and vegetables at their own doors. In 1740, Peter Faneuil offered to build a market-house at his own expense, and present it to the town. His proposition was carried by seven majority. Faneuil Hall, the "Cradle of Liberty," was first built two stories high, forty feet wide, and one hundred feet in length. It was nearly destroyed by fire in 1761, and in 1805 it was enlarged to eighty feet in width and twenty feet greater elevation. "The Hall is never let for[Pg 47] money," but is at the disposal of the people whenever a sufficient number of persons, complying with certain regulations, ask to have it opened. The city charter of Boston contains a provision forbidding the sale or lease of this Hall. For a period of over eighty years—from the time of its erection until 1822—all town meetings were held within its walls. It is "peculiarly fitted for popular assemblies, possessing admirable acoustic properties."
The capacity of the Hall is increased by the absence of all seats on the floor—the gallery only being provided with these conveniences. Portraits cover the walls. Healy's picture of Webster replying to Hayne hangs in heavy gilt, back of the rostrum. Paintings of the two Adamses, of General Warren and Commodore Preble, of Edward Everett and Governor Andrew, adorn other portions of the Hall. Nor are Washington and Lincoln forgotten. The pictured faces of these noble patriots of the past seem to shed a mysterious influence around, and silently plead the cause of right and of justice. The words which echoed from this rostrum in the days before the Revolution still ring down from the past, touching the present with a living power whenever liberty needs a champion or the people an advocate.
Faneuil Hall Market, or Quincy Market, as it is popularly called, grew out of a recommendation by Mayor Quincy, in 1823. Two years later the corner-stone was laid, and in 1827 the building was completed. It is five hundred and thirty-five feet long, fifty feet wide, and two stories high. Its site was reclaimed from the tide waters, and one hundred and fifty thousand dollars were expended in its erection.[Pg 48]
The capital for its construction was managed in such a judicious way that not only the market was built, but six new streets were opened and a seventh enlarged, without a cent of city tax or a dollar's increase of the city's debt.
The Old State House was located on the site of the first public market, at the head or western end of State street. It was commenced with a bequest of five hundred pounds from Robert Keayne, the first commander of the "Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company." It was known as the Town House, and was erected about the year 1670. The present Old State House was built in 1748, on the same site. Its vicinity is historic. The square in State street below the Old State House, was the scene of the Boston massacre, March fifth, 1770. "The funeral of the victims of the massacre was attended by an immense concourse of people from all parts of New England." About the same year also, in front of this Town House, occurred the famous battle of the broom, between a fencing master just arrived from England and Goff, the regicide. This English fencer erected an elevated platform in front of the Town House and paraded, sword in hand, for three days, challenging all America for a trial of his skill. At this time three of the judges who signed the death warrant for beheading Charles the First, of England, had escaped to Boston, and were concealed by the people of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Their names were Goff, Whalley and Dixwell, for whom, dead or alive, Parliament offered one hundred pounds each. The fencing master made such a stir about his skill that Goff, hearing of it at his place of concealment in the woods of Hadley, came to Boston and confronted the wordy hero.[Pg 49] His sword was a birch broom, his shield a white oak cheese slung from his arm in a napkin. After he had soaked his broom in a mud-puddle he mounted the platform for battle. The fencing master ordered him off, but Goff stood his ground and neatly parried the first thrust of the braggart. The battle then commenced in earnest, and the cheese three times received the sword of the fencing master. Before it could be withdrawn, Goff each time daubed the face of his antagonist with the muddy broom, amid the huzzas of the crowd which had gathered from all quarters to witness the contest. At the third lunge into the huge cheese the swordsman threw aside his small blade, and, unsheathing a broadsword, rushed furiously upon Goff.
"Stop, sir!" exclaimed Goff; "hitherto, you see, I have only played with you, and have not attempted to hurt you, but if you come at me with the broadsword, know that I will certainly take your life!"
"Who can you be?" replied the other; "you are either Goff, Whalley or the devil, for there was no other man in England could beat me!"
Goff immediately retired, amid the plaudits of the crowd, and the subdued fencing master slunk away with chagrin.
The interior arrangement of the Old State House has been entirely remodeled, and is now used exclusively for business.
King's Chapel, at the corner of Tremont and School streets, is another noteworthy point of interest. The corner-stone was laid in 1750, and four years were occupied in its construction, the stone for the building material being imported. Its church-yard was Boston's first burial-ground, and some of the tombstones date[Pg 50] back as far as 1658. Mr. Isaac Johnson, one of the founders of Boston, is said to have here found his last resting place. John Winthrop, his son and grandson—all governors of Connecticut, lay in the same family tomb in this yard. Four pastors of the "First Church of Christ in Boston" are also buried here. The body of General Joseph Warren was placed in King's Chapel before it was re-interred at Cambridge, and "dust to dust" has been pronounced over many other distinguished men at this stone church. The edifice is constructed in a peculiar way, with Doric columns of gray stone, and is sure to attract the attention of the stranger. It was the first Episcopal, as well as the first Unitarian church in Boston, and its pulpit is now the exponent of Unitarian doctrine, added to the Church of England service.
Going down Washington street towards Charlestown, we come to the famous Brattle Square, and its church, which once consecrated the spot. Here Edward Everett preached to his listening flock, and here, on July thirtieth, 1871, Dr. S. K. Lothrop pronounced the last sermon within its walls. Its ancient bell has ceased to ring, and the old-fashioned pulpit echoes no more to the tread of distinguished men.
The first Brattle Square Church was built in 1699. It was torn down in 1772, and the next year rebuilt on the same site, the dedication taking place July twenty-fifth.
On the night of March sixteenth, 1776, the British under Lord Howe were encamped in this neighborhood, some of the regiments using Brattle Square Church as a barrack. A cannon ball, fired from Cambridge, where the American army was then stationed, struck the church, and was afterwards built into the wall of the historic edifice, above the porch. On the next night[Pg 51] ten thousand of Lord Howe's troops embarked from Boston. In 1871 the building was sold by the society, and a handsome granite block now takes its place.
The new State House on Beacon street is one of the most prominent geographical points in all Boston, and the view from its cupola is second only to that obtained from the glorious height of Bunker Hill monument. Its gilded dome is a conspicuous object far and near, and glitters in the sunlight like veritable gold. The land on which the State House stands was bought by the town from Governor Hancock's heirs, and given to the State. The corner-stone was laid July fourth, 1793, the ceremony being conducted by the Freemasons, Paul Revere, as Grand Master, at their head. The massive stone was drawn to its place by fifteen white horses, that being the number then of the States in the Union. Ex-Governor Samuel Adams delivered the address. The Legislature first convened in the new State House in January, 1798. In 1852 it was greatly enlarged, and in 1867 the interior was entirely remodeled. Chantry's statue of Washington, the statues of Webster and Mann, busts of Adams, Lincoln and Sumner, and that beautiful piece of art in marble, the full-length statue of Governor Andrew, in the Doric Hall—all attract the attention of the visitor. In this rotunda there are also copies of the tombstones of the Washington family of Brington Parish, England, presented by Charles Sumner, and the torn and soiled battle-flags of Massachusetts regiments, hanging in glass cases. In the Hall of Representatives and the Senate Chamber, relics of the past are scattered about, and the walls are adorned with portraits of distinguished men. The eastern wing of the State House is occupied with the State Library[Pg 52] Large numbers of visitors yearly throng the building and climb the circular stairways for the fine view of Boston to be obtained from the cupola.
The new Post Office is accounted one of the finest public buildings in New England. It has a frontage on Devonshire street, of over two hundred feet and occupies the entire square between Milk and Water streets. It was several years in building, being occupied this winter for the first time since the great fire. Its cost was something like three millions of dollars. Its style of architecture is grand in the extreme. Groups of statuary ornament the central projections of the building, and orders of pilasters, columns, entablatures and balustrades add to it their elegant finish. Its roof is an elaboration of the Louvre and Mansard styles, and the interior arrangement cannot be surpassed for beauty or convenience. It has three street façades, from one of which a broad staircase leads to the four upper stories. On these floors are located important public offices. The Post Office corridor is twelve feet in height and extends across two sides of the immense building. At the time of the great fire of 1872 this structure was receiving its roof, and became a barrier against the onward sweep of the flames. The massive granite walls were cracked and split, but they effectually stopped the work of the fire fiend.
In the heart of the city, at the corner of Milk and Washington streets, stands one of the most famous buildings in Boston, and perhaps the most celebrated house of religious worship in the United States. It was founded in 1669, and received the name of the Old South Church. The first building was made of cedar, and stood for sixty years. In 1729 it was taken down, and the present building erected on the same spot. The[Pg 53] interior arrangement is described as having been exceedingly quaint, with its pulpit sounding board, its high, square pews, and double tier of galleries. During the Revolution it was frequently used for public meetings, and Faneuil Hall assemblies adjourned to the Old South whenever the size of the crowd demanded it. Here the celebrated "Tea Party" held their meetings, and discussed the measures which resulted in consigning the British tea, together with the hated tax, to the bottom of Boston Harbor. Here Joseph Warren delivered his famous oration on the Boston Massacre, drawing tears from the eyes of even the British soldiery, sent there to intimidate him. In 1775 the edifice was occupied by the British as a place for cavalry drill, and a grog-shop was established in one of the galleries. In 1782 the building was put in repair, and has stood without further change until the present time, nearly a hundred years. In 1872 it was occupied as a Post Office, and has only been vacated this winter. Its day of religious service is doubtless over. It will probably be used for business purposes, but never again as a society sanctuary.
Opposite the south front of the Old South Church, on Milk street, stood the house in which Benjamin Franklin was born. Here, on the seventeenth of January, 1706, the great philosopher was ushered into existence, and on the same day was christened at the Old South. When he was ten years old, he worked with his father in a candle manufactory, on the corner of Union and Hanover streets, at the sign of the Blue Bell. He was afterwards printer's devil for his brother James, and at eighteen established the fourth newspaper printed in this country. It was entitled "The New England Courant."
The first newspaper of Boston was also the first in the[Pg 54] colonies, and was printed on a half sheet of Pot paper, in small pica. It was entitled "The Boston News Letter. Published, by authority, from Monday, April seventeenth, to Monday, April twenty-fourth, 1704." John Campbell, a Scotchman and bookseller, was proprietor.
Now the Boston press stands in the front rank of the world's journalism, and is commodiously accommodated; as the elegant buildings of the Transcript, Globe, Journal, Herald and other papers, testify. The Advertiser is the oldest daily paper in the city.
It is impossible to properly describe Boston within the limits of so short a chapter, and only a glance at a few other points of interest will therefore be given.
The City Hall, on School street, is on the site of the house of Isaac Johnson, who lived here in 1630, and who has been styled the founder of Boston. The corner-stone of the new building was laid December twenty-second, 1672. It is of Concord granite, and is in the finest style of modern architecture. Here, under the arching roof of the French dome, the fire-alarm telegraph centres, and the sentinel who stands guard at this important point never leaves his post, night or day. The mysterious signal, though touched in the city's remotest rim, is instantly obeyed, and in less time than it takes to tell it the brave firemen are rushing to the rescue. A fine bronze statue of Benjamin Franklin stands in the inclosure in front of the building.
The Custom House, on State street, is built of granite, even to the roof. It is constructed in the form of a Greek cross, and is surrounded by thirty-two granite columns, a little over five feet in diameter. The site was reclaimed from the tide waters, and the massive building[Pg 55] rests upon about three thousand piles. Over a million dollars were expended in its erection.
The Old Granary Burying-ground, once a part of the Common, received its name from a public granary which formerly stood within its limits. Some of the most distinguished dust in history is consigned to its keeping. Paul Revere, Peter Faneuil, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, the victims of the Boston Massacre, the parents of Franklin, the first Mayor of Boston, and a long list of other names famed in their day and ours, lie buried within this ancient ground. Near by, between the Common and the Granary Cemetery, stands the celebrated Park Street Church, of which W. H. H. Murray, the brilliant writer and preacher, was, until lately, the pastor. It used to be known as "brimstone corner." This winter we attended Park Street Church on the same day with the brunette monarch, Kalakaua and suite.
One of the most commodious and elegant stations in New England, or this country, is that of the Boston and Providence Railroad. It is about eight hundred feet in length, and is built of brick, with two shades of sandstone. The track house is seven hundred feet long, covering five tracks, and has a span of one hundred and twenty-five feet. Its cost is somewhere in the neighborhood of six hundred thousand dollars. The interior arrangement is quite novel in style. The waiting-rooms open out of an immense central apartment with a balcony reaching around the entire inner circumference. Theatre tickets, flower and cigar stands, a billiard room and a barber shop, are some of the special features of the station. Refreshment rooms and dressing rooms, in oak and crimson, are also an integral part of the building.[Pg 56]
Hundreds of interesting places in this singular and devious city of Boston must go unnoticed in these pages. The beautiful Tremont Temple and its Sunday temperance lectures; Music Hall, with its big organ of six thousand pipes, through one of which Henry Ward Beecher is said to have crawled, before its erection; the Parker House, one of the crack hotels of the city; the Revere House, where all the distinguished people stop, with its special suite of rooms upholstered in blue satin, where King Kalakaua smoked his cigars in peace; the beneficent Public Library; the Boston Athenæum, home of art; the Boston Theatre, the new and elegant Globe Theatre, and the suburban limits, including Charlestown and famous Bunker Hill, Cambridge and Harvard University, Mt. Auburn, Dorchester Heights, Roxbury and East Boston, which was formerly known as Noddle's Island, and where now the Cunard line of steamers arrive and depart—all these tempt my pen to linger within their charmed localities. But it is a temptation to be resisted. When, after many weeks' sojourn in the intellectual "Hub," I was at last seated in the outward bound train, ticketed for the west, a regret, born of pleasant associations and a taste of Boston atmosphere, took possession of me. The farewells I uttered held an undertone of pain. But the train sped onward, unheeding, and the city of the harbor seemed to dissolve and disappear in the smoke of her thousand chimneys, like a dream of the night.
________________________________________
[Pg 57]
First World War
Transcription of names (faces numbered clockwise from the front panel)
Face 1:
TO THE GLORY OF GOD
AND IN MEMORY OF THE BRAVE MEN
WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES
FOR KING AND COUNTRY
IN THE GREAT WAR 1914 – 1918
Face 2:
Pte. Sydney Allingham -- Private S. Allingham (Service No: 290744), 2nd Bn., Devonshire Regiment; died 27 September 1918; buried in Bois-Carre British Cemetery, Thélus, Pas-de-Calais, France (III. F. 13.); [Private Allingham’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born at Bindon, Dorset and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/618006/ALLINGHAM,%20S
P.O. William E. Batty -- Petty Officer Stoker William Edward Batty (Service No: K/1408), Royal Navy (H.M.S. "Black Prince."); died 31 May 1916, aged 29; name recorded on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial, Hampshire (Panel 16); son of Francis Batty, of Sheffield; husband of Ethel Batty, of 63, North St., Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2875624/BATTY,%20WILL...
Pte. Arthur F. Best -- Not possible to identify unambiguously. The 1911 Census includes Arthur Frederick Best, a 16-year old “horseman on farm” living at Bushey, Corfe Castle with his parents, Frank and Louisa Mary Best, and seven siblings. He was born at Steeple. There was someone with the same name in the Royal Field Artillery, but Cpl. Best’s Forces War Records entry describes this person as ex London County Council (Tramways Department).
Cpl. Leonard C. Best -- Corporal Leonard Best (Service No: 3/7472), 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 27 March 1915, aged 44; name recorded on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen (Panel 37.); son of the late Edward Charles Best, of The Sawpits, Wareham; husband of Maud Mary Delacourt Best (née Smith), of 17, New St., Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/927644/BEST,%20LEONARD
Pte. Frederick Bridle -- Private Frederick Bridle (Service No: 5857), "B" Coy., 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 14 September 1914, aged 35; name recorded on the La Ferté-sous-Jouarre Memorial, Seine-et-Marne, France; son of Mr. and Mrs. F. Bridle, of Mill Lane, Wareham, Dorset; husband of Mrs. E. Bridle, of 24, Cow Lane, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/877856/BRIDLE,%20FRED...
Pte. Frederick Burgess -- Private Frederick Burgess (Service No: 10285), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 18 August 1915, aged 22; buried in Alexandria (Chatby) Military and War Memorial Cemetery, Egypt (J. 55.); son of Thomas and Maria Burgess, of Wyatts Lane, Wareham: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/108371/BURGESS,%20FRE...
A.B. Ian H. P. Burgess -- Ordinary Seaman Ian Hector Percy Burgess (Service No: London Z/7965), Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (H.M.S. "Erin."); died 3 September 1918, aged 18; buried in Wareham Cemetery, Dorset (B. E. 7.); son of John Henry and Susan Burgess, of Stoborough, Wareham: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2749387/BURGESS,%20IA...
Pte. Reginald Chilcott -- Private Reginald Chilcott (Service No: 13604), 1st Regt., South African Infantry; died 17 October 1918, aged 28; buried in Ors British Cemetery, Nord, France (A. 6.); son of George and Margaretta Chilcott, of Wareham, Dorset, England: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/582130/CHILCOTT,%20RE...
Pte. Frank W. Coakes -- Private Frank Wesley Coakes (Service No: 15739), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 1 May 1917, aged 21; buried in Grevillers British Cemetery, Pas-de-Calais, France (II. B. 12.); son of Mrs. Edith Mary Coakes: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/289814/COAKES,%20FRAN...
Pte. George Collins -- Not possible to identify unambiguously
Gnr. Joseph Cottrell -- Possibly: Gunner J. Cottrell (Service No: 162962), 12th Mountain Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery; died 26 March 1918; buried in Jerusalem War Cemetery (O. 64.); [Gunner Cottrell’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born at Corfe Castle and resident at Poole; in the 1901 Census, a Joseph Cottrell, aged 10, was living at Norden Common, the son of Hannah Marshallsay (previously Cottrell) and stepson of Charles Marshallsay; name also appears on the Corfe Castle war memorial]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/646583/COTTRELL,%20J
Lt. Kilcoursie S. Courtenay -- Lieutenant Kilcoursie Sigismund Courtenay, 3rd Bn., attd. 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 11 August 1918, aged 25; buried in Bouchoir New British Cemetery, Somme, France (IV. E. 109.); son of Kilcoursie Jocelyn Courtenay and Maude Courtenay, of Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/308398/COURTENAY,%20K...
Face 8:
Gnr. Harry Cox -- Gunner H. Cox (Service No: 170963), 9th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery; died 15 November 1918, aged 33; buried in St. Sever Cemetery Extension, Seine-Maritime, France (S. III. EE. 7.); son of Elizabeth Cox, of Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/516810/COX,%20H
Pte. Albert Davidge -- Private A. Davidge (Service No: 10694), "C" Coy., 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 31 August 1915, aged 17; buried in Gibraltar (North Front) Cemetery (C. 3069.); son of Mr. Frederick Thomas Davidge, and Minnie Davidge, of Carey Farm, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/473078/DAVIDGE,%20A
Pte. James R. Elmes -- Private James Richard Elmes (Service No: PO/1560(S)), 2nd R.M. Bn., R.N. Div., Royal Marine Light Infantry; died 28 April 1917, aged 25; name recorded on the Arras Memorial, Pas-de-Calais, France (Bay 1.); son of Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Elmes, of 11, Roper's Lane, Wareham, Dorset, and the late George Elmes: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1541421/ELMES,%20JAME...
Pte. Henry T. Fooks -- Private Henry Thomas Fooks (Service No: 10348), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 21 August 1915, aged 20; name recorded on the Helles Memorial, Turkey (Panel 136 to 139.); son of Henry and Ellen Fooks, of 5, Mount Pleasant, Wareham: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/696162/FOOKS,%20HENRY...
Pte. Lionel A. Fowler -- Private Lionel Arthur Fowler (Service No: 12613), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 26 September 1916, aged 20; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 7 B.); son of Frederick James and Adelaide Fowler, of Worgret Farm, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/749809/FOWLER,%20LION...
Pte. Leonard H. Fry -- Private Leonard Harry Fry (Service No: 75314), 17th Bn., Royal Fusiliers; died 24 March 1918, aged 19; name recorded on the Arras Memorial, Pas-de-Calais, France (Bay 3.); son of Alfred J. and Lucy Fry, of Hill View, Furzebrook, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1557810/FRY,%20LEONAR...
Sergt. William T. Gill -- Serjeant William Thomas Gill (Service No: 10029), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 21 August 1915, aged 28; name recorded on the Helles Memorial, Turkey (Panel 136 to 139.); son of Samuel Gill, of 40, East St., Wareham: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/693508/GILL,%20WILLIA...
Pte. Charles Gould -- Private Charles Gould (Service No: 4639), 2nd/1st Bucks Bn., Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry; died 29 November 1916, aged 23; buried in Pozières British Cemetery, Ovillers-La-Boisselle, Somme, France (II. G. 5.); son of Mr. and Mrs. G. Gould, of Arne Wareham; husband of Fanny Cook (formerly Gould), of Yew Cottage, Lytchett Matravers, Poole, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/588919/GOULD,%20CHARLES
Pte. Jesse C. Gover -- Private Jesse Charles Gover (Service No: 12932), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 26 September 1916, aged 38; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 7 B.); son of Lewis Moses and Thurza Gover, of Ridge, Wareham, Dorset; husband of Emily Jane Gover, of I, Free St., Ilchester, Yeovil, Somerset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/786670/GOVER,%20JESSE...
L/Cpl. William C. Grant -- Probably: Lance Corporal C. Grant (Service No: 27388), 6th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 27 August 1918, aged 25; buried in Étaples Military Cemetery, Pas-de-Calais, France (LXVII. G. 31.); son of William and Minnie Grant, of Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/501554/GRANT,%20C
Pte. Ambrose H. Green -- Private A. H. Green (Service No: 20341), 6th Bn., Royal Munster Fusiliers; died 28 December 1917, aged 31; buried in Jerusalem War Cemetery (F. 36.); son of Joseph and Caroline Green, of Stoborough, Wareham, Dorset; husband of Elsie Jane Green, of Brindley, Library Rd., Upper Parkstone, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/647003/GREEN,%20A%20H
Sergt. Richard G. Heath -- Serjeant Richard George Heath (Service No: 1040), "C" Coy., 6th Bn., Leinster Regiment; died 10 August 1915, aged 28; name recorded on the Helles Memorial, Turkey (Panel 184 and 185.); son of James and Sarah Heath, of 37, Church St., Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/694588/HEATH,%20RICHA...
Face 3:
Pte. John Henstridge -- Private John Henstridge (Service No: 18989), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 4 October 1917, aged 19; name recorded on the Tyne Cot Memorial, West-Vlaanderen (Panel 92.); son of William Charles and Charlotte Annie Henstridge, of Northport, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/836264/HENSTRIDGE,%20...
Pte. William Hill -- Private H. W. Hill (Service No: 37193), 13th Bn., Devonshire Regiment; died 5 January 1917, aged 37; buried in Plymouth (Efford) Cemetery, Devon (Church C. 4944.); son of the late William and L. Hill, of Arne, Wareham, Dorset; husband of the late Edith Hill (nee Roberts): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2852517/HILL,%20H%20W
Sergt. Reginald F. B. Hodge -- Serjeant Major Reginald Frank Hodge (Service No: 202425), "B" Coy., 2nd/4th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 10 November 1917; buried in Kantara War Memorial Cemetery, Egypt (C. 97.); husband of Alice Fanny Hodge, of 30, Cow Lane, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/474812/HODGE,%20REGIN...
Pte. Percy W. Joyce, M.M. -- Private Percy William Joyce (Service No: G/6267), 1st Bn., The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment); awards: MM; died 13 April 1918; name recorded on the Ploegsteert Memorial, Hainaut (Panel 1 and 2.); [Private Joyce’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born at Wareham and resident at Guildford]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/872025/JOYCE,%20PERCY...
Pte. Jack Kenway -- Private J. Kenway (Service No: 25760), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 5 October 1917, aged 20; buried in Mendinghem Military Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen (VII. B. 27.); son of Lucy Kenway, of West Walls, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/437952/KENWAY,%20J
Pte. Herbert W. Kenway -- Private Herbert William Kenway (Service No: 10795), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 9 September 1915, aged 20; name recorded on the Helles Memorial, Turkey (Panel 136 to 139.); son of Mr. and Mrs. W. Kenway, of West Walls, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/681440/KENWAY,%20HERB...
2nd Lt. Edred S. Lacey -- Second Lieutenant Edward Severs Lacey, 17th Bn., attd. 11th Bn., Cheshire Regiment; died 21 October 1916, aged 29; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 3 C and 4 A.); son of Charles James and Amy Lacey, of North Bestwall, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/798935/LACEY,%20EDWAR...
Pte. Harry T. S. Legg -- Private H. Legg (Service No: 22771), 7th Bn., King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment); died 21 September 1917; buried in Spoilbank Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen (I. O. 10.); [Private Harry Legg’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born at East Stoke and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/487999/LEGG,%20H
Lt. John A. Lennon -- Lieutenant John Lennon, 22nd Bn., Australian Infantry, A.I.F.; died 9 June 1918, aged 28; buried in Ribemont Communal Cemetery Extension, Somme, France (III. D. 1.); son of Patrick and Mary Lennon; husband of Violet Lennon, of "Wayside," Wareham, England; native of Landsborough, Victoria, Australia: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/43548/LENNON,%20JOHN
L/Cpl. Ernest C. Lillington -- Lance Corporal Ernest Charles Lillington (Service No: 12883), 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 2 July 1916, aged 27; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 7 B.); son of George John and Henrietta Matilda Lillington, of Cruch Bottom, Wareham, Dorset; husband of Agnes Lillington: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/800654/LILLINGTON,%20...
L/Cpl. Frederick Lock -- Private Frederick John Lock (Service No: 200032), 2nd/4th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 7 July 1918; name recorded on the Jerusalem Memorial (Panel 30); [Private Lock’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1646045/LOCK,%20FREDE...
Pte. Sidney C. Marshallsay -- Private Sidney Charles Marshallsay (Service No: 11024), 6th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 2 July 1916; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 7 B.); [name also appears on the Corfe Castle war memorial]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/804909/MARSHALLSAY,%2...
Face 7:
Stoker Frederick Masters -- Stoker 2nd Class F. W. Masters (Service No: K/36772), Royal Navy (H.M.S. Victory); died 15 January 1917; buried in Wareham Cemetery, Dorset (B 3. 2.): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2749410/MASTERS,%20F%20W
Pte. Thomas Meade -- Rifleman Thomas Meade (Service No: 7592), 1st/12th Bn., London Regiment (The Rangers); died 7 October 1916; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 9 C.); [Rifleman Meade’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born at Arne and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/805706/MEADE,%20THOMAS
A.B. William R. Merchant -- Possibly: Able Seaman William Merchant (Service No: 207436), Royal Navy (RFR/CH/B/2559) (H.M.S. "Aboukir."); died 22 September 1914; name recorded on the Chatham Naval Memorial, Kent (Panel 2): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/3049622/MERCHANT,%20W...
L/Cpl. Frank Miller -- Lance Corporal Frank Miller (Service No: 17766), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 18 August 1917; name recorded on the Tyne Cot Memorial, West-Vlaanderen (Panel 92.); [Lance Corporal Miller’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born at Bere Regis and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1635273/MILLER,%20FRANK
2nd Lt. James Miller, D.C.M. -- Possibly: Second Lieutenant James Miller, 2nd Bn., South Staffordshire Regiment; awards: DCM; died 25 March 1918; name recorded on the Arras Memorial, Pas-de-Calais, France (Bay 6): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/781222/MILLER,%20JAMES
Pte. William Miller -- Private W. Miller (Service No: 8261), 2nd Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 17 November 1914, aged 25; buried in Basra War Cemetery, Iraq (III. D. 3.); son of Julia Miller, of Stoborough, Wareham, Dorset, and the late Joseph Miller: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/631109/MILLER,%20W
Pte. Arthur Northover -- Private Arthur Northover (Service No: 18676), 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 4 December 1917, aged 23; buried in Duhallow A.D.S. Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen (II. D. 20.); son of Richard and Matilda Northover, of Wareham, Dorset; husband of E. M. Bagg (formerly Northover), of 40, School Lane, Winfrith, Dorchester: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2936503/NORTHOVER,%20...
Sergt. William Orchard -- Not possible to identify unambiguously
Pte. Caleb J. Orchard -- Private C. Orchard (Service No: 3/7601), 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 5 July 1915; buried in Larch Wood (Railway Cutting) Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen (II. J. 15.); [Private Caleb Orchard’s Forces War Records record states that he was born and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/488561/ORCHARD,%20C
Pte. Edward S. Paul -- Private Edward Samuel Paul (Service No: 13127), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 26 September 1916; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 7 B.): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/808702/PAUL,%20EDWARD...
A.B. Harry Piper -- Able Seaman Harry Piper (Service No: 226762), Royal Navy (H.M.S. "Vanguard."); died 9 July 1917, aged 29; name recorded on the Chatham Naval Memorial, Kent (Panel 22.); son of Harry and Annie Piper, of "Braemar," West Port, Wareham, Dorset; native of Tunbridge Wells, Kent: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/3053437/PIPER,%20HARRY
Pte. Albert R. Richards -- Private Albert Reginald Richards (Service No: 10284), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 21 August 1915, aged 19; name recorded on the Helles Memorial, Turkey (Panel 136 to 139.); son of Eliza Ann Richards, of Furzebrook, Wareham: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/687571/RICHARDS,%20AL...
Face 4:
Pte. John H. Riggs -- Private Henry John Riggs (Service No: 50470), 4th Bn., Worcestershire Regiment; died 15 June 1918, aged 19; name recorded on the Ploegsteert Memorial, Hainaut (Panel 5.); son of William George and Sarah Ann Riggs, of 19, New St., Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1644107/RIGGS,%20HENR...
Pte. William H. L. Rogers -- Private William Hugh Llewellyn Rogers (Service No: 57537), 58th Coy., Machine Gun Corps (Infantry); died 3 August 1917, aged 20; buried in Outtersteene Communal Cemetery Extension, Baileul, Nord, France (I. A. 1.); son of Kate Marion and the late James Henry Rogers, of 7, West Walls, Wareham, Dorset. Born at Blandford, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/42555/ROGERS,%20WILLI...
Stoker Albert H. Samways -- Stoker 1st Class Albert Henry Samways (Service No: K/15010), Royal Navy (H.M.S. "Invincible."); died 31 May 1916, aged 26; name recorded on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial, Hampshire (Panel 19.); son of Mr. and Mrs. Samways, of Wareham, Dorset; husband of Alice Stockney (formerly Samways), of 67, Bulwark St., Dover: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/3038333/SAMWAYS,%20AL...
Pte. Wilfred G. Selby -- Private Wilfred George Selby (Service No: 17139), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 3 January 1917; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 7 B.); [Private Selby’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/811971/SELBY,%20WILFR...
Cpl. William H. Selby -- Corporal W. H. Selby (Service No: 8116), 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 2 April 1917; buried in Chapelle British Cemetery, Holnon, Aisne, France (III. B. 10.); husband of Annie Louisa White (formerly Selby), of 5, Davis Row, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2911934/SELBY,%20W%20H
Pte. Horace P. Slade -- Private Horace Percy Slade (Service No: 3/7675), "B" Coy., 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 11 August 1918, aged 33; buried in Bouchoir New British Cemetery, Somme, France (VI. E. 26.); son of Richard and Emily Slade, of Furzebrook, Wareham; husband of Mrs. M. E. Slade, of Frome Hollow, Westport, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/308734/SLADE,%20HORAC...
P.O. William J. Stewart - Possibly: Petty Officer William James Stewart (Service No: 211651), Royal Navy (H.M.S. "Bulwark."); died 26 November 1914; name recorded on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial (Panel 1): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2872137/STEWART,%20WI...
Stoker P.O. Frederick J. Stockley -- Petty Officer Stoker Frederick James Stockley (Service No: K/6636), Royal Navy (H.M.S. "Invincible."); died 31 May 1916, aged 32; name recorded on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial, Hampshire (Panel 16); son of Charles and Elizabeth Stockley, of Wareham; husband of Annie Caroline Stockley, of 31, West St., Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/3038651/STOCKLEY,%20F...
Driver Harry Stockley -- Possibly: Private Harry Stockley (Service No: 65880), 13th Bn., Royal Fusiliers; died 4 October 1917; name recorded on the Tyne Cot Memorial, West-Vlaanderen (Panel 28 to 30 and 162 to 162A and 163A.); [Private Stockley’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born at Wareham and resident at Wimborne]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/826433/STOCKLEY,%20HARRY
Pte. Wilfred J. Stockley -- Private W. J. Stockley (Service No: 9892), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 2 January 1917; buried in Puchevillers British Cemetery, Somme, France (VI. F. 45.); [Private Wilfred James Stockey’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born at Stoborough and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/512214/STOCKLEY,%20W%20J
Sapper George Stout -- Possibly: Sapper G. R. Stout (Service No: 1123), 2nd/3rd London Field Coy., Royal Engineers; died 3 May 1916; buried in Cabaret-Rouge British Cemetery, Souchez, Pas-de-Calais, France (III. E. 22.); [Sapper Stout’s Forces War Records entry states that he was resident at Leith, so there is no clear link to Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/584129/STOUT,%20G%20R
Face 6:
Stoker Richard J. Thomas -- Stoker 1st Class Richard John Thomas (Service No: K/30921), Royal Navy (H.M.S. "Ariel."); died 2 August 1918, aged 38; name recorded on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial, Hampshire (Panel 30.); son of Eliza Thomas, of 12, Ropers Lane, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/3040379/THOMAS,%20RIC...
Pte. Archibald E. Thompson -- Private Archibald Edward Thompson (Service No: 202813), 2nd Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 21 February 1918, aged 23; buried in Calcutta (Bhowanipore) Cemetery, Kolkata, India (H. 311.); son of Charles Edward and Emma Jane Thompson, of 49, West St., Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/909373/THOMPSON,%20AR...
Cpl. William G. Toms -- Possibly: Corporal William George Toms (Service No: 7777), 2nd Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 28 September 1915; name recorded on the Basra Memorial, Iraq (Panel 22 and 63.): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/863581/TOMS,%20WILLIA...
L/Cpl. Alfred Trimarco -- Lance Corporal A. Trimarco (Service No: T/33837), 3rd Coy., 8th Div. Train, Army Service Corps; died 12 November 1918, aged 21; buried in Étaples Military Cemetery, Pas-de-Calais, France (L. B. 2.); son of Carmino and Elizabeth Trimarco, of 3, Mount Pleasant, Wareham, Dorset; native of Wareham: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/506576/TRIMARCO,%20A
Pte. Dan Wellstead -- Private Daniel Wellstead (Service No: 17135), 6th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 3 September 1916; name recorded on the Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France (Pier and Face 7 B.): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/820380/WELLSTEAD,%20D...
Lt. Albert N. Westlake -- Lieutenant Albert Neave Westlake, Royal Flying Corps (27th Sqdn.) and 4th Bn., North Staffordshire Regiment; awards: MC; died 4 January 1918, aged 24; buried in Niergnies Communal Cemetery, Nord, France (near east corner); son of Albert and Agnes Mary Westlake, of Wayside, Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/587055/WESTLAKE,%20AL...
Trooper William P. White -- Not possible to identify unambiguously
Sergt. Edwin Whittle -- Sergeant Edwin Whittle (Service No: 117624), 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles Battalion; died 2 October 1916, aged 27; name recorded on the Vimy Memorial, Pas-de-Calais, France; son of Frank Indoe Whittle and Eleanora Whittle, of II, East St., Wareham, Dorset, England: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1577293/WHITTLE,%20EDWIN
Sergt. Joseph A. Whittle -- Sergeant Joseph Allan Whittle (Service No: 3520), 50th Bn., Australian Infantry, A.I.F.; died 24 October 1917; buried in Lijssenhoek Military Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen (XXII. A. 13.); [Sergeant Whittle’s service records (digitised by the National Archives of Australia) confirm that he was born at Wareham; he joined the AIF at Keswick, South Australia on 26 July 1915, and died of disease (diarrhoea) at 10th Casualty Clearing Station, Belgium]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/431891/WHITTLE,%20JOS...
Pte. Stephen Whittle -- Private Stephen Whittle (Service No: G/47394), 2nd Bn., Royal Fusiliers; died 29 September 1918; name recorded on the Tyne Cot Memorial, West-Vlaanderen (Panel 28 to 30 and 162 to 162A and 163A.); [Private Whittle’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born and resident in Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/876974/WHITTLE,%20STE...
Cpl. Sydney Whittle -- Corporal Sydney James Whittle (Service No: 244176), 10th Bn., Royal Warwickshire Regiment; died 26 April 1918, aged 27; buried in Grootebeek British Cemetery, West Vlaanderen (A. 2.); son of Frank Indoe and Elenere Whiffle [sic], of Chichester House, Warlham [sic], Dorset; [Corporal Whittle’s Forces War Records entry states that he was born and resident at Wareham]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2938585/WHITTLE,%20SY...
Gnr. Bertie E. Trent -- Gunner B. E. Trent (Service No: 159055), 139th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery; died 10 November 1918, aged 27; buried in St. Sever Cemetery Extension, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France (S. III. DD. 19.); son of Mrs. Tamsey Cobb, of 86, Churchill Rd., Upper Parkstone, Dorset; born at Wareham, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/521499/TRENT,%20B%20E
Face 5:
GREATER LOVE
HATH NO MAN
THAN THIS
Second World War:
Three new panels inserted below Faces 1, 3 and 7 of the original memorial:
Additional panel 1:
AND
1939 - 1945
Additional panel 3:
L.A.C. Edmund Horace Arnold
Signaller Morris Arnold
Flt. Sgt. Edward Bartlett
Gunner William Henry Biles
L/Bdr. George Brown
Pte. Wilfred George Burden
Pilot Officer Alan Russel Carrick
Ldg/Stoker Stephen Charles Comben
Signalman Leon Day
Seaman Ronald Diment
Pte. James Donaghue
Seaman Frank Herd
Pte. Alfred Joseph Howarth
Additional panel 7:
Seaman Lawton Lawrence
Pte. Sidney Marshallsay
Stoker Harold Leslie Morgan
Sgt. Pilot George Nichol
Seaman Albert F. Orchard
Pte. Charles Samways
A/B Wilfred Selby
Pte. Raymond Singer
Sgt/Ob/Nav. Dennis Slade
L/Cpl. Horace Richard Slade
Lieut. Duncan Snell
Sapper Leonard John Spreadbury
Sub/Lieut. William Thomas
Pte. Alfred William George Velvick
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR - springthorpe
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial within the Boroondara Cemetery (VHR0049)commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected in 1897 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures. It contains twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland supporting a Harcourt granite superstructure, and a glass dome roof of lead lighting.
How is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is historically important in demonstrating nineteenth century social and cultural attitudes to death, and for reflecting the ideals of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement which aimed at providing comfort for mourners. The memorial is important in demonstrating uniqueness, no other example being known of such aesthetic composition, architectural design and execution, or scale. It is important in exhibiting good design and aesthetic characteristics and for the richness and unusual integration of features. The Springthorpe Memorial is also important in illustrating the principal characteristics of the work of a number of artists including Desbrowe Annear, Mackennal, the glass manufacturers Auguste Fischer and the bronze work of Marriots.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Determined from geotagged Flickr neighborhood tagged by photo uploaders.
Read more: kelsocartography.com/blog/?p=4184
RED
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Lidenwood
Linden-Park
Little Odessa
Locust Manor
LoDel
Manhattan Terrace
Mariners Park
Melrose Houses
Midwood Park
Mill Brook Houses
Mill Island
Miller Field
Morgan Avenue
Morris Heights
Morris Park
Murry Hill
Navy Yard
Neponsit & Belle
New Dorp Beach
New Gardens Hills
North Baychester
North Bayside
North Beach
North Side
North Slope
North Williamsburg - North Side
Oakwood Beach
Oakwood Heights Station
Old Town Station
Paedergat Basin
Paerdegat
Park Hill
Park of Edgewater
Park Stratton
Park Versailles
Parkside
Parkville
Parsons Beach
Patterson Houses
Pelham Bay Park
Plaza Borinquen
Plaza de Los Angeles
Port Ivory
Prospect Park
Queens College
Queensboro Hills
Remsen Village
Rochdale Village
Rockaway Point
Rugby
Schuvilerville
Seaport
Somerville
Soundview Bruckner
Soundview Park
South Bronx
South Brooklyn
South Corona
South Midwood
South Richmond Hill
South Riverdale
South Side
South Slope
South Williamsburg
Southern Tip
Spring Creek
Springfield Grdn
Saint Albans
St. Mary's Park Houses
St. Nicholas Terrace
Steinway
Sunnyside
Sunnyside Gardens
Terrace Heights
Unionport
Wave Crest
West Brighton
West Brighton
West Concourse
West Ford Park
Westchester
Williams Bridge
Woodstock
GREEN
Parks, airports, golf courses, cemeteries, etc. A few more places could be added to this (like the Navy Yard).
MISSING
Names from wikipedia that aren't on the map at all, some are POI not neighborhoods so buyer beware.
Belden PointBronx
Downtown BronxBronx
Marble HillBronx
The HubBronx
Beverly Square EastBrooklyn
Boerum HillBrooklyn
Brooklyn Navy YardBrooklyn
Carroll GardensBrooklyn
ChinatownBrooklyn
Cobble HillBrooklyn
MadisonBrooklyn
PigtownBrooklyn
RAMBOBrooklyn
South Park SlopeBrooklyn
White SandsBrooklyn
Alphabet City, LoisaidaManhattan
Astor Row (Central Harlem)Manhattan
Battery Park CityManhattan
BoweryManhattan
BrookdaleManhattan
Carnegie HillManhattan
Central HarlemManhattan
Columbus CircleManhattan
Cooperative VillageManhattan
Diamond DistrictManhattan
(Spanish Harlem)Manhattan
Five Points (historic)Manhattan
Flatiron District, Toy District, Photo DistrictManhattan
Flower DistrictManhattan
Fort GeorgeManhattan
Greenwich Village, the VillageManhattan
HarlemManhattan
Herald SquareManhattan
Hudson YardsManhattan
KoreatownManhattan
Le Petit Senegal (Little Senegal)Manhattan
Lincoln Square (San Juan Hill)Manhattan
Little BrazilManhattan
Little Germany (historic)Manhattan
Lower East SideManhattan
Lower Manhattan, Financial DistrictManhattan
Madison SquareManhattan
Manhattan Valley, Bloomingdale DistrictManhattan
Marcus Garvey Park, Mount Morris Historical DistrictManhattan
Meatpacking DistrictManhattan
Midtown EastManhattan
Morningside Heights, SoHa (or "South of Harlem")Manhattan
NoMadManhattan
Peter Cooper Village (former Gas House district)Manhattan
Radio Row (historic)Manhattan
Rockefeller Center, Radio CityManhattan
South Street Seaport Historical DistrictManhattan
Strivers' Row (Central Harlem)Manhattan
Stuyvesant SquareManhattan
Sugar Hill (Central Harlem)Manhattan
TenderloinManhattan
Times SquareManhattan
Upper ManhattanManhattan
ViVa, Viaduct ValleyManhattan
Washington HeightsManhattan
Waterside PlazaManhattan
West HarlemManhattan
YorkvilleManhattan
Hollis HillsQueens
MeadowmereQueens
SunnysideQueens
WarnervilleQueens
CastletonStaten Island
Manor HeightsStaten Island
Richmond ValleyStaten Island
Sandy GroundStaten Island
South BeachStaten Island
Morris HeightsBronx
Rose HillManhattan
BrucknerBronx
Central RiverdaleBronx
Ferry Point ParkBronx
Hunter IslandBronx
Indian VillageBronx
Spencer EstatesBronx
Twin IslandBronx
ZeregaBronx
DitmarsQueens
ElectchesterQueens
North Shore TowersQueens
QueensviewQueens
Queensview WestQueens
Sunnyside GardensQueens
Pelham IslandsBronx
Ellis IslandManhattan
Governors IslandManhattan
Liberty IslandManhattan
Randall's IslandManhattan
Wards IslandManhattan
A Very Different
KOM Flash Report
For the week of
August 16-- 22, 2015
Notes from readers:
I guess you must have thought we had gotten lost but no we are both fine my e-mails have been out of order for 2 1/2 months so I just got it straightened out and we are back in business I had 3600 in my box so I got them checked over and hope all is well again. Don’t know if we missed any deaths or illness . Molly and Dick McCoy Omaha, NE
•
It is a shame they tore down the grandstand (at Independence) as I remember dressing in it many times for football games on Friday night. What a shame and I wanted a piece of that for memories but my wife would have given me the look if I would have brought some of it home. She at times just doesn't understand the emotions that go with some of those things. As a lady from Wisconsin the Packers and Badgers are in her heart. -- Thomas Drake Ottawa, KS
•
Thanks for the great photograph of those young ballplayers. –Gale McCray--another Kansan
Well, as you can see, last week’s Flash Report drew very little attention and provoked few comments either positive or negative. In the words of the famous, Martha Stewart, “That is a good thing.” In the words of the not so famous John Hall “That’s tough.” The photo attached to that report was a casual pose of the 1949 Chanute Athletics on a road trip to Pittsburg, Kansas, which I speculated was in late June. After a week of extensive research, on what I had on file about that team photo, it would have to have been taken some time during the first two weeks of July.
This past week was spent waiting for some comments to arrive regarding the most recent report and when none did I spent considerable time documenting a few of the highlights of all the fellows on that roster. The “Classic Photo” of that team appears on Flickr at: www.flickr.com/photos/60428361@N07/20383148828/
Maybe having a picture to go with a narrative description will help you get to know these guys a little better. It was my privilege to get to know seven of these fellows pretty well.
In an unbelievable story that you wouldn’t believe, unless I told, you under oath, involved a person who was dead without my knowledge of it. I called his last known
number and got a lady of a different name. I told her I was sorry for the inconvenience of the call. She asked what it was about and I remarked that it wouldn’t be of any interest to
her. She reprimanded me and told me she’d be the judge of that.
So, for the next few minutes I went through my spiel about how I was looking for former KOM leaguers. She listened, said it was fascinating and the conversation ended. A few
weeks later the lady called and asked what I planned to do with the information I was gathering from the former players. I told her that I had wanted to write a book but wasn’t
sure that there was a market or any interest in such a project. And that was the conversation.
A few weeks later the lady called again and wanted to know if she could pay my wife and I a visit. Of course, I said yes but couldn’t understand why she’d want to drive from
Uniontown, Kans. to Columbia, Missouri. We sat down at the kitchen table to visit and the lady asked for a glass of water. While getting the water I heard a thump on the table. When I looked at the table I saw a white envelope. My mother had taught me well not to grab things that belong to others. The lady looked at me and remarked “Aren’t you going to open it?” So, what I saw, upon opening it, was the most cash I had ever seen at one time in my life.
Without any further words, on my part, the lady told me that the money wasn’t for me but in memory of all the old guys who had played in the KOM league. She insisted that if
she had anything to say about it those memories would never die. Maxine is now gone but thanks to her and a belated telephone call to Dave Dennis’s old telephone number,
the book “Majoring in The Minors” was published without my having to go into bankruptcy to do it. I guess I was influenced by more ex- Chanute ballplayers, than any other group, in the initial stages of writing about the KOM league. The early KOM
newsletters bear out that statement.
1949 Chanute Athletics
Back Row L-R: Charlie Bates, Ed Morgenthaler, Jim Hansen, Al Stewart, Larry Jaros, Jake Thies, Dave Dennis, and Dave Newkirk.
Middle Row: Pete New, Jim Marks, Ray Mazzucco, Tom Imfeld and Al Fadell.
Front Row: Kent Pflasterer, Tom Tarascio, Tom Norbut, John Fehr-Batboy, Jim Imbeau and Jack Butler. By virtue of the composition of this roster this particular photo would have been taken at the start of the 1949 season. Also, the spanking white uniforms indicate they had very little use.
In the photo shared last week these guys were included: Jim Marks, Al Fadell, Ed Morgenthaler, Charles Jones, Jim Hansen, Al Stewart, Bernie Tye, Larry Jaros, Jack Butler, Kent Pflasterer, Tom Tarascio, Tom Norbut, Charles LaGrace, Al Ketchum and Vernon "Jake" Thies. Between the two photos you have 22 different guys depicted. There were 37 players on that roster at one time or another. One was the batboy and the other was the non-playing manager. Four of the fellows in the two photos all managed Chanute at one time or another. They were; Charlie Bates, Dave Dennis, Jim Hansen and Tom Imfeld.
Bates Charles William
D. 1/29/1980 Topeka, KS Stormont Vail Hosp. (Living at Alma, KS)
B. 9/17/1907 Philadelphia, PA
Citations: www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&am...
8#safe=active&q=Charles+William+Bates+baseball
He was another of the former KOM leaguers who had a stint in the big leagues but had a longer stint in the minor leagues as a player and manager as the foregoing URL group of
citations indicate. There isn’t much I could add to that other than some anecdotal items shared with me by members of that team which I will refrain from doing. As with all
managers some players approved of the way they did their job and others didn’t.
Beck Daniel Eldon
D. 7/4/2012 Dubuque, IA
B. 9/22/1925 Dubuque, IA
www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=93091090
www.thonline.com/obituaries/article_43906941-6fb8-571f-ae...
He played in the KOM league regardless of the obituary statement.
Boston Elmer A.
Lives in St. Louis, MO -
B: 5/22/1928 St. Louis, MO
June 9, 1949 sports column proves this player was on the roster. " Elmer Boston is listed as the probable Chanute pitcher first game. He has a 1-0 record. Chanute has been hampered by injuries for some time. Charlie LaGrace, infielder, has a hand injury, Tom Tarascio recently had nine stitches taken in a lip that was injured by a bad hopping ball, and Jim Marks has been out with an injured foot. "
www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=boston001elm
Butler Richard Neil
D. 2/20/2011 Murphy's, CA
B. 5/16/1924 Ringsted, IA
iagenweb.org/boards/jasper/obituaries/index.cgi?read=336559 The obituary shows he played at Miami, OK. He left Miami and joined Chanute on his way back to Iowa. The Find-A-Grave site mirrors the obituary. www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=685643...
Butler Jackie Dean
Lives in Waynesville, MO
B. 12/9/1929 Bachelor, KS
He was another pitcher who made a career out of playing KOM ball with Miami, OK and Chanute, KS. He was first signed by Miami in 1948 and he lasted a month when they decided the 19-year lefty needed further seasoning and he was sent to Macksville, KS to play Ban Johnson league ball. He was back with Miami in 1949 but didn’t stay long and he went to Chanute and signed on with that independent club. His best year was 1949 when he won five of the eight contests in which he was involved. During the off-season he attended Emporia State Teachers College in Emporia, KS. In 1950 he returned to Chanute for his final season of professional baseball which coincided with that town’s last year hosting a professional team. Here is what Baseball Reference has regarding his career. www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=butler003joh
Callahan George Robert
D. 4/19/2008 Cedar, MI
B. 2/10/1931 Perry, IA
In my research there wasn’t much I could find on the short term hurler for the Chanute A’s. One of his few decisions occurred the evening of June 20, 1949 when he lost 10-0 to the Miami Owls. The Miami News-Record referred to him as Don Callahan. Before leaving the game, in the 4th inning, he had walked four and thrown a wild pitch, given up home run, had one base runner steal on him and his catcher had a passed ball. Overall it wasn’t the best night an 18-year old could experience.
www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=685643...
Coulter Bernard Leroy
D. 12/15/1988 Kansas City, MO
B. 2/17/1931 Eldon, KS
www.baseball-reference.com:8080/minors/player.cgi?id=coul... That citation didn’t know if Coulter threw right or left. One of the great photos I own is that of Coulter in a jumping pose, at shortstop,, throwing a ball to first base with his right hand. That photo is shown on page 86 of The KOM League Remembered published by Arcadia in 2004 and is available wherever good books are sold. For those who are cheap or broke the photo could always be placed on the Flickr site. Coulter and my first cousin, Ernest Hall, both worked for the Federal Narcotics Bureau after Coulter's baseball career concluded. My cousin was his boss.
Dennis David C.
D. 10/1/1990 VA Hosp. Columbia, MO
B. 5/19/1922 Mapleton, KS
In 1946 this article appeared while Dennis was still with Miami. “The KOM baseball race grows hotter, and fire breaks out in catcher Dave Dennis's chest protector during a torrid argument at home plate in Riverside park.” The story was carried in the Street and Smith Baseball magazine in 1947 as one of the funnier incidents of 1946. Dennis played with and or managed Miami, Pittsburg and Chanute teams in 1946, 47 and 49. He was the uncle of the late Don Dennis who pitched for the St. Louis Cardinals. www.baseball-reference.com/players/d/dennido01.shtml David’s brother, Laverne, also played in the KOM league in 1946.
Dercole Anthony Paul
D. 5/16/2004 Aliquippa, PA
B. 6/9/1928 Aliquippa, PA
Tony had shots with three KOM league teams. The other two were Iola and Bartlesville in 1948. He was originally signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates but while a good fielder he didn’t hit for power or average. Here is his citation on Baseball Reference: www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=dercol001ant This is shared for that site didn’t state if he was right or left handed. The KOM league never had a left handed shortstop or second baseman. I’m sticking with my notes that he hit and threw from the right side.
Fadell Albert Raymond
D. 10/20/2011 Huntington Beach, CA
B. 7/1/1927 Los Angeles, CA
The following citation is a PDF file on Fadell when he passed away. It is a great citation along with a photo. We kept in touch over the years and he truly enjoyed talking about the 1949 Chanute A’s. file:///C:/Users/KC/Downloads/Albert-Fadell-wall.pdf There is a great story in the aforementioned URL about a clipping he saved from the newspaper that year pertaining to something that involved him and Mickey Mantle. For those of you who can’t access URL’s here is the obituary:
Albert Raymond Fadell, born on July 1, 1927 in Los Angeles, California, second youngest of seven children; spent his childhood along the side of his siblings working hard in the family market. Albert was brought into this world being blessed with the ability to be successful in everything he applied himself to. At the age of 18, Albert was drafted into the Army which was devastating to him as he was working hard chasing his dreams of playing professional baseball. Upon his return from the Army, Albert’s dreams were becoming reality and landed a position in the Kansas-Oklahoma-Missouri League (or KOM League) an American minor baseball league which was established in 1946. His athletic expertise allowed him to play any position but settled in as a pitcher for the A’s in Chanute Kansas. One of his proudest moments in his baseball career was striking out one of the most famous baseball historians “Mickey Mantle” with evidence of a detailed article in the local newspaper, thin, discolored, and torn in several places, remains with the family. Albert’s enormous love for baseball was greatly deviated by the love of his life; his “Honey” Patti, and married in Los Angeles on March 10, 1951, where they started their family, two daughters Tori and Tami. In 1954, Albert and Patti decided to move to the Orange fields of Huntington Beach, California where they raised their family and maintained a beautiful home. As always, the home was immaculate down to the front yard. The planters dirt overturned, shrubs manicured and the lawn being mowed in two directions creating a checkerboard appearance. Only one sprinkler placed, directly in the center of the lawn, set deep down creating enough room for a “golf ball” to be sunk. No one dared to step on Albert’s lawn, the lustrous appearance mimic the nicest putting green on any golf course. We laugh on how he was with his lawn, but this is where he practiced his putting continuously; making him known for one of the best putters in the game of golf. Being athletically gifted, Albert was the best of any sport he played, baseball, golf (accompanied by nine “Hole-in-Ones”), bowling (maintaining an average over 200 at all times down to throwing horse shoes. His love of sports was solidified by the enormous amount of hours he would spend watching his college football team USC, favorite baseball team The Angels, and golf. Albert could be heard throughout the house, if not through the neighborhood, if a call was made he did not agree with, the family would laugh and say, “gee the neighbors are going to think dad is yelling at mom”. Albert loved music and was an impeccable dancer. When entering a dance floor with Patti, people would stop and watch creating Albert to really perform. He loved to Karaoke, acting shy (if you can imagine) when ask to get up and sing, but once the microphone in hand, he turned into Tony Bennett or Frank Sinatra singing his favorites “Mack the Knife” or “I left my heart in San Francisco” but a loving memory will be him singing to Patti the famous Beatle song “Something in the way she moves” The “Harbor”, not enough time in the day to express his love Albert had for the Harbor. He loved the job, the people, the reputation he had, the hard work he was known for, being a proud union member, and the relationships he built. Known as “Big Al”; he spent 60 years on the water front always dedicated to his partners, the company, and the job while creating a lifetime of stories and friendships that he held close to his heart. A book could be written of all that Albert accomplished and succeeded at but if ask words to describe him, Generosity (always giving), Religious, Loyal, Strong, Mentor, Protector, Athletic, Hard Working and Caring are just a few but most of all, he was “Proud” of the family he had. He held many titles, Husband, Father, Grandfather, Great Grandfather, Brother, Uncle, Godfather and Friend but he was most Proud of having the title of Papa, he loved his grandchildren and great grandchildren as much as one could love and was a major influence in their life. Albert demonstrated his strength throughout his battle of cancer for seven years. However, on October 29th 2011 he lost the battle and passed away at his home in Huntington Beach, California, with the most important thing in his life, his family by his side. He will be forever missed and loved for eternity. He is survived by his “Honey” Patti, Daughters and Sons-in-laws: Tori & Paul Daw, Tami & Don Carnes Grandchildren and spouses: Jason & Cheri Thomas, Josh & Nicole Carnes, Chad Carnes, and Danielle Carnes. Great Grandchildren: Chase Thomas, Jake Thomas, Riley Carnes, and Merric Carnes. Cemetery Good Shepherd Catholic Cemetery 8301 Talbert Ave Huntington Beach, CA, 92646 Events NOV 11 Memorial Service 10:00AM
Fehr (Batboy) John Joseph
D. 11/10/1981 Iola, KS
B. 2/11/1936 Chanute, KS
The batboy died far too young: www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=28031191
Hansen James E.
D. 4/30/2003 Omaha, NE
B. 7/24/1925 Omaha, NE
If I had to name five people, located in the past 20 years, who enjoyed getting back together with his KOM teammates and foes, Hansen would have been right at or near the top. We spent countless hours conversing on the telephone before cheap cell phone rates came on the scene. Hansen was probably one of the two top defensive catchers in league history and tough as nails. During WW II he played college football at both Nebraska and Iowa and led Iowa over Nebraska with the game’s only touchdown, circa 1944. His fellow Omaha friends never forgave him. Here is his career cited on Baseball Reference: www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=hansen003jam
Hosaflook Jerry Glenn
D. 2/2/2003 South Bend, IN.
B. 9/8/1927 Alton, WVA
He didn’t get much of a chance to play for Chanute. The few games he played were at third base and then he was gone. I did speak with him shortly before his death. He didn’t think he deserved much mention in any book but I told him he made it into my first one, Majoring in The Minors. komleaguebaseball.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html He played for Galaxy-Radford, VA in the Blue Ridge league in 1950
Imbeau James Ray
Lives in Kansas City
B. 10/23/1927 Ola, AR
By the time he got to Chanute his professional baseball days were over. He had started in the Ohio State league when he was 16. Baseball Reference shows his career as: www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=imbeau001jam He was in military service in 1946 and 1947 and then tried to make it with Scranton, PA of the Eastern league in 1949. That didn’t work and he showed up in Chanute and in a May 15th game he was one of the Chanute pitchers routed 13-2 by Bartlesville. He took the loss, giving up seven runs in five innings and was released. Then, on August 10, this report appeared in the Iola Register. “The Chanute A's have signed two new players, Dave Novak 19 a catcher from Pueblo, and Jim Imbeau, 21, pitcher from Kansas City. Imbeau was tried at Chanute earlier and the A's decided to look him over again after hearing he pitched two semi-pro no-hitters.” In 1950 he pitched semi-pro baseball with the Warner Drug team in Kansas City where he had tossed the two no-hitter’s in 1949.
Imfeld Thomas Joseph
D. 11/06/2012 Morristown, TN
B. 6/12/1923 Covington, KY
He started his study for the priesthood in St. Paul, MN in 1954 and he carried on as a priest until his retirement. During the 1950’s he was one of the top slow-pitch softball pitchers in that nation, playing for teams in his native Covington, KY. He had parts of three seasons in the KOM league starting with Independence in 1947 and then with Chanute in 1949 and 1950. I’ve shared many stories about Father Tom, over the years, and to my knowledge they were all true. When attending KOM league reunions he was the designated “Official Pray-er.” Here is his obituary: www.vankirkgrisellfuneralhome.com/tribute/details/2447/Fa...
Jaros Lawrence Thomas
Lives in Granite City, IL
B. 8/7/1928 Glen Carbon, IL
This fellow was a good pitcher when he had some semblance of a team around him. In 1949 he had the Chanute A’s as teammates. In 1950 he started out with Chanute and was getting no support and he was sent to Iola. The 1950 Iola and Chanute ball clubs were two of the worst teams in KOM history. They struggled mightily to win 30 games. They both won 35 but Iola wound up ahead of Chanute for Chanute played five more games than Iola and lost every one of them.. So to see how Jaros went from very good in 1949 to the “pits” in 1950, check this out: www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=jaros-001law
Jones Charles E.
Lives in Iowa, I think
B. 4/8/1933 Webb City, MO
He was signed June 22, 1949.
There isn’t much for me to share regarding this gentleman. I found a member of his family a number of years ago and was told he was residing in Iowa but the person was vague on details and I didn’t push it.
Ketchum Alfred Fred
D. 6/9/1994 Kenner, LA
B. 12/30/1929 New Orleans, LA
On the Internet baseball sites and in the Baseball Guide he isn’t credited with playing for Chanute. The only mention of him is with Hopkinsville, KY in the Kitty league in 1948.
To verify he played in the KOM league here is a blurb from the lola Register. “Al Ketchum started for Chanute last night (July 15), against Ponca City but left in the third after receiving a spike wound.” Here is proof Ketchum won a KOM league game. This account was carried in the July 10 edition of the Miami, Okla. News Record. “Although righthander Larry Jaros started on the mound for the Athletics, Al Ketchum came in with the bases loaded in the third and pitched the rest of the way without allowing a run to gain credit for the win. Although Ketchum gave up only one hit in his five inning pitching stint, the young righthander was exceptionally wild. He walked eight Miami batters.” Ketchum served in the U. S. Army from 4/26/51 to 4/11/53. The rest of his life is sketchy but after his return from Korea he worked as a party chef in New Orleans.
LaGrace Jr. Charles Joseph
D. 9/29/1990 San Diego, CA
B. 2/21/1930 Richmond, NY
He played second base and the outfield in his time at Chanute which was about a third of the season. He graduated from Freemont High School in Los Angeles, CA. in 1948 and his graduation photo mirrors what he looked like in the 1949 Chanute team picture. If you have access to Ancestry.com you can pull up this site and see him in his cap and gown. Click anywhere on this jumble of stuff and it will appear before your very eyes.
interactive.ancestry.com/1265/43134_b191311-00019?pid=349...
The foregoing is all that I could piece together on the life of LaGrace.
Marcil Jr. Leo Eugene
D. 10/1/1999 Simsbury, CT
B. 1/26/1929 Simsbury, CT
During his stint with Chanute he was a pitcher. When he reported to Chanute he was said to have come from Hartford, CT. He had tried his hand at pitching in 1948 in the Provincial and Florida State leagues. In the spring of 1949 he was one of the players who “answered the ad” in the Sporting News for baseball players in Chanute. In an April 27 column it listed he was one of about a dozen pitchers vying for a spot on that team and he was by inference a right hander. This statement in all the KOM newspapers at the time read “Pitchers working out are; Leo Marcil, Don Reed, Frankie Urban, Elmer Boston, Jim Imbeau, Pete New, Paul Rothermel, Leslie Lamb, Wayne Brickell and Larry Jaros. New and Brickell are southpaws.“ Marcil made the cut and pitched sparingly for Chanute until at least June 9 when he went in to relieve Pete New. He served his country during the Korean War as a member of the United States Air Force. For many years he was a supervisor for Western Union.
For Flickr readers the report is continued at this site:
Photo six.
For D. G. Kingsford to A. Gilbert see photo seven.
Name: BAIGENT, GEORGE HENRY
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Ordinary Seaman
Service No: P/SSX 26100
Date of Death: 14/10/1939
Age: 21
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy, H.M.S. Royal Oak
Panel Reference: Panel 33, Column 3
Memorial: PORTSMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. Baigent; husband of Evelyn Joyce Baigent.
Name: BEALE, JOHN ALBERT
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Private
Service No: 5346977
Date of Death: 25/06/1944
Age: 30
Regiment/Service: Northamptonshire Regiment, 5th Bn.
Grave Reference: I, F, 11
Cemetery: ORVIETO WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Walter and Lilian Mengam Beale; husband of Lilian Margaret Beale, of Cove, Farnborough, Hampshire.
Name: BERRY, CHARLES BERTRAM
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Driver
Service No: 1878958
Date of Death: Between 12/04/1945 and 13/04/1945
Age: 30
Regiment/Service: Royal Engineers, 100 Army Field Coy.
Panel Reference: Column 28
Memorial: DUNKIRK MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Charles and Amelia Berry; husband of Susan Elizabeth Berry, of Crookham, Hampshire.
Name: BODGER, COLIN BASIL LYNCH
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Flying Officer
Service No: 130573
Date of Death: 07/08/1943
Age: 21
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, 150 Sqdn.
Panel Reference: Panel 6, Column 1
Memorial: MALTA MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Edward and Clara Bodger, of Fleet.
Name: BONE, DENNIS JESSE
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Gunner
Service No: 5500277
Date of Death: 19/09/1943
Age: 21
Regiment/Service: Royal Artillery, 6 Maritime Regt.
Panel Reference: Panel 85, Column 1
Memorial: PLYMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Jesse and Sybil Bone; husband of Audrey Kathleen Bone, of Fleet.
Name: BRADFORD, REGINALD ALFRED J
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Sergeant
Service No: 3030348
Date of Death: 29/11/1945
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve
Grave Reference: Sec. A. Grave 816
Cemetery: FLEET CEMETERY
Name: BROWN, WILLIAM FREDERICK JAMES
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Lieutenant
Service No: 325423
Date of Death: 25/06/1944
Age: 24
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment, 2/4th Bn.
Awards: D C M, M M
Grave Reference: III, H, 3
Cemetery: ASSISI WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Frederick and Hilda Sarah Brown; husband of Evelyn Brown, of Fleet.
Name: CARBONELL, JOHN ARTHUR CAPEL
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Captain
Service No: 115012
Date of Death: 08/05/1944
Age: 23
Regiment/Service: Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, attd. Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
Grave Reference: 5. K. 19
Cemetery: KOHIMA WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Lestock Sydney and Judith Carbonell, of Fleet.
Name: CHALMERS, GERALD ALEXANDER REX GEORGE
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Captain
Service No: 34601
Date of Death: 04/12/1942
Age: 36
Regiment/Service: Royal Scots
Grave Reference: 3. E. 5
Cemetery: NAIROBI WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Alexander and Maude Chalmers; husband of Ann Chalmers, of Nairobi.
Name: CLARK, CHARLES
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Lance Sergeant
Service No: 5503273
Date of Death: 01/03/1943
Age: 25
Regiment/Service: Hampshire Regiment, 2/4th Bn.
Grave Reference: 1. A. 5.
Cemetery: BEJA WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of John Edward and Frances Sarah Clark, of Fleet.
Name: COBBE, CHARLES HUGH
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Lieut-Commander
Date of Death: 10/12/1941
Age: 34
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy, H.M.S. Repulse
Panel Reference: Panel 44. Column 2.
Memorial: PLYMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Captain Mervyn Cobbe, R.N., and of Maude Cobbe (nee Arbuthnot); husband of Enid Margaret Cobbe (nee Wilson), of Bolsterstone, Yorkshire.
Name: COLLINS, NEVILLE MURRAY
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Second Lieutenant
Service No: 86392
Date of Death: Between 31/05/1940 and 01/06/1940
Age: 21
Regiment/Service: Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), 2nd Bn.
Grave Reference: Plot 3. Row A. Grave 20
Cemetery: DE PANNE COMMUNAL CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Lt.-Col. Neville Collins, The Loyal Regt. (North Lancashire), and Margaret Edith Murray Collins, of Crookham, Hampshire. B.A., Hons. (Oxon.): Balliol College. Scholar of Radley College.
Name: COLTHURST, JOHN BULLER
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Flying Officer
Service No: 143762
Date of Death: 24/02/1944
Age: 33
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, 115 Sqdn.
Panel Reference: Panel 205
Memorial: RUNNYMEDE MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Arthur Beadon Colthurst, and of Mary Teresa Colthurst (nee Paul).
Name: COLTHURST, ANTHONY PAUL
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Commander
Date of Death: 15/11/1942
Age: 41
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy, H.M.S. Avenger
Panel Reference: Bay 2, Panel 7
Memorial: LEE-ON-SOLENT MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Arthur Beadon Colthurst and Mary Teresa Colthurst; husband of Daphne Barbara Colthurst.
Name: CROSLEGH, DEREK CHARLES
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Major
Service No: 100990
Date of Death: 25/11/1940
Regiment/Service: Royal Artillery, 87 Bty., 24 Lt. A.A. Regt.
Grave Reference: Sec. C. Grave 560
Cemetery: FLEET CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Croslegh, of Fleet.
Name: DAVIES, IVOR JOHN
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Leading Aircraftman
Service No: 908308
Date of Death: 22/10/1944
Age: 28
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve
Grave Reference: II. C. 10
Cemetery: HOTTON WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Husband of Rose Davies, of Fleet.
Name: DAWES, ALAN BETHEL
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Major
Service No: 40710
Date of Death: 02/11/1942
Age: 34
Regiment/Service: Royal Armoured Corps, 3rd King's Own Hussars
Panel Reference: Column 15
Memorial: ALAMEIN MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Maj. Bethel M. Dawes and Jean Dawes; husband of Helena Vera Dawes, of Fleet.
Name: DAWSON, PHILIP
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Pilot Officer
Service No: 110825
Date of Death: 12/08/1942
Age: 20
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, 57 Sqdn.
Panel Reference: Panel 69
Memorial: RUNNYMEDE MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of the Revd. John W. Dawson, and of Mary Dawson, of Anthiyur, S. India.
Name: DREW, JOHN CAMERON
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Lieutenant
Service No: 194112
Date of Death: 05/11/1942
Age: 21
Regiment/Service: Royal Armoured Corps, 23rd Hussars attd. 10th Royal Hussars Royal Armoured Corps
Grave Reference: XXXI. E. 7
Cemetery: EL ALAMEIN WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Colonel Charles Milligan Drew, D.S O., MB., formerly of the R.A.M.C., and Jean Drew, of Westminster, London.
Name: ELGER, ANTHONY CHARLES
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Pilot Officer
Service No: 136941
Date of Death: 20/12/1942
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, 44 Sqdn.
Grave Reference: 22. B. 2
Cemetery: BROOKWOOD MILITARY CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Elger, of Alton, Hampshire.
Name: ELMES, EDWARD CHARLES (CWGC), E G (memorial)
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Able Seaman
Service No: P/J 80686
Date of Death: 30/12/1943
Age: 43
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy, H.M.S. Manchester City
Grave Reference: Sec. A. Grave 887
Cemetery: FLEET CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of George and Dorcas Elmes, of Fleet; husband of Lena Josephine Elmes, of Fleet.
Name: ELY, THOMAS HENRY
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Lieutenant Colonel
Service No: 17726
Date of Death: 05/05/1943
Age: 41
Regiment/Service: King's Shropshire Light Infantry, attd. H.Q. 36th (London) Div.
Grave Reference: VIII. E. 23
Cemetery: ENFIDAVILLE WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Thomas Robert and Arabella Walpole Ely; husband of Muriel Mary Ely, of Fleet.
Name: FIELD, DENYS BRIAN DOUGLAS
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Squadron Leader
Service No: 26158
Date of Death: 06/06/1940
Age: 29
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force, 83 Sqdn.
Grave Reference: 12. F. 14
Cemetery: BECKLINGEN WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Lt.-Col. Charles Douglas Field, Indian Army, and Ivy May Harcourt Field; husband of Joan Mary Field.
Name: FIELDING, G G P
No record at CWGC.
Name: GARROW, IAN PETER
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Sub-Lieutenant (A)
Date of Death: 15/11/1942
Age: 22
Regiment/Service: Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, H.M.S. Avenger
Awards: D S C
Panel Reference: Bay 4, Panel 1
Memorial: LEE-ON-SOLENT MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Duncan and Rhoeta Margaret Katherine Garrow.
Name: GEARY, PATRICK GRATTAN
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Captain
Service No: 95193
Date of Death: 24/11/1942
Age: 23
Regiment/Service: Royal Engineers, and 1st R.E. Troop, 1st Bde. The Parachute Regiment, A.A.C.
Panel Reference: Face 10
Memorial: MEDJEZ-EL-BAB MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Lt.-Col. Herman Noel Grattan Geary, Royal Engineers, and Renee Joyce Geary; husband of Felicity Geary, of Camberley, Surrey.
Name: GOODENOUGH, PETER
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Leading Seaman
Service No: P/JX 296061
Date of Death: 23/10/1943
Age: 20
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy, H.M.S. Charybdis
Grave Reference: Row E. Grave 3
Cemetery: DINARD ENGLISH CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of Louis and Dorothy Elizabeth Goodenough, of Fleet.
Name: GOTT, WILLIAM HENRY EWART
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Lieutenant General
Service No: 1798
Date of Death: 07/08/1942
Age: 44
Regiment/Service: General Staff, Cdg. XIII Corps and King's Royal Rifle Corps
Awards: C B, C B E, D S O, M C
Grave Reference: XXXIII. D. 21
Cemetery: EL ALAMEIN WAR CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of the late Lt.Col. William Henry and Anne Rosamund Gott; husband of Pamela Mary Gott, of Fleet.
Name: GRINHAM, EDWARD GARRY
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Gunner
Service No: 943152
Date of Death: Between 29/05/1940 and 02/06/1940
Age: 21
Regiment/Service: Royal Artillery, 88 Field Regt.
Panel Reference: Column 12
Memorial: DUNKIRK MEMORIAL
Name: HAY, A S
One uncertain entry at CWGC.
Name: HEWETT, JACK PATRICK MAJENDIE
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Flying Officer
Service No: 39878
Date of Death: 04/04/1940
Age: 30
Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force, 149 Sqdn.
Grave Reference: Row 5. Grave 9
Cemetery: WEST ROW BAPTIST CHAPELYARD
Name: JENKINS, PERCY VAN
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Leading Stoker
Service No: P/K 64063
Date of Death: 11/04/1943
Age: 42
Regiment/Service: Royal Navy, H.M.S. Beverley
Panel Reference: Panel 77, Column 3
Memorial: PORTSMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL
Additional Information: Son of Harry and Annie Jenkins; husband of Elizabeth Blanche Jenkins, of Fleet.
Name: LEIGH, SAMUEL SIDNEY
Nationality: United Kingdom
Rank: Sergeant
Service No: 3514712
Date of Death: 07/07/1947
Age: 45
Regiment/Service: Royal Artillery, 76 Lt. A.A. Regt.
Grave Reference: Sec. A. Grave 365
Cemetery: FLEET CEMETERY
Additional Information: Son of William and Emma Jane Leigh; husband of Alice May Leigh, of Fleet.
Two B-24J Liberators, 44-10513 Old Glory, from the 565th. Bomb Squadron and 42-50452 Earthquake McGoon, from the 566th. Bomb Squadron, both of the 389th. Bomb Group based at USAAF Station 114 Hethel were involved in a mid-air collision during formation assembly near Carleton Rode, Norfolk on Tuesday 21st. November 1944. Their target was to have been oil plants at Hamburg, Germany.
The window is in All Saints church, Carleton Rode, Norfolk.
44-10513 Old Glory
37519303 T/Sgt Elden G. Forster, Engineer
Born on 14th. February 1924 at Clallam County, Washington, the son of George William and Charlotte A. Forster, nee Glenn.
Eldon was aged 20. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred at Memorial Park Cemetery, Hutchinson, Reno County, Kansas.
19092680 S/Sgt Roger Willard Krouskup, Gunner.
Born on 22nd. October 1921 at Fairmont, Indiana, the son of Traverse B. and Muriel R. Krouskup, nee Rogers.
Enlisted on 9th. June 1942 at Oxnard, California.
Roger died aged 23. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred in Lawn H, Grave 104 at Mountain View Cemetery San Bernardino, California.
34871843 S/Sgt Fred Lynell Landrum, Gunner.
Born on 29th. March 1925 at Pearl River County, Mississippi, the son of Elmer A. and Ellen S. Landrum.
Enlisted on 27th. August 1943 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi.
Fred died aged 19. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred at Gipson Cemetery, Pearl River County, Mississippi.
14133777 S/Sgt William Earl Leatherwood, Gunner.
Born on 22nd. February 1921 at Canton, North Carolina, the son of James Thomas Sr. and Mattie Lavonia 'Mattie' Leatherwood, nee Byers.
Enlisted on 21st. October 1942 at Asheville, North Carolina.
William died aged 23. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred at Green Hill Cemetery, Waynesville, Haywood County, North Carolina.
32083731 S/Sgt Harry W. Looy, Tail gunner.
Born on 5th. September 1916 at Newburg, New York, the son of Harry and Carrie E. Looy.
Enlisted on 31st. March 1941 at New York City.
Harry died aged 28. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred at Woodlawn Cemetery Association, New Windsor, Orange County, New York.
13090798 / O-820824 1st. Lt. James Edward Rhine, Pilot.
Born on 10th November 1920 at York County, Pennsylvania, the son of Charles S. and Louise A. Rhine.
Enlisted on 29th. June 1942 at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
James died aged 24. He was buried on 22nd. November 1944 in Plot D, Row 3, Grave 62 at Cambridge American Cemetery.
14077238 / O-823697 2nd. Lt. Jack Ellis Ryles, Co-pilot.
Born on 11 September 1922 at Duval County, Florida, the son of John and Fannie Ryles.
Enlisted on 4th. September 1942 at Jacksonville, Florida.
Jack died aged 22. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred at Oaklawn Cemetery, Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida.
32325476 / O-692342 1st. Lt. Joseph Monroe Safier, Navigator.
Born on 18 October 1918 at Bronx County, New York the son of Albert E and Reginia Safier of 11 E 199th. Street, New York.
Enlisted on 27th April 1942 at Fort Jay, Governors Island, New York.
Wounded in the eye and leg on 19th. May 1944 over Brunswick, Germany aboard B-24J Liberator 44-40157 'Lucky Lass' of the 857th. BS, 492nd. BG.
Joseph died aged 26. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred in Plot H, 8233 at Long Island National Cemetery, Farmingdale, Suffolk County, New York.
39092072 T/Sgt Harold Miles Thompson, Engineer/top turret gunner.
Born on 15th. November 1912 in Braymer, Caldwell, Missouri, the son of Harvey L. and Jewell E. Thompson, nee Miles.
Hometown, Medford, Jackson County, Oregon.
Enlisted on 10th. March 1942 at Presidio Of Monterey, California.
On 25th. June 1943 while flying from Seething, Norfolk in B-24D Liberator 42-40774 'Heaven Can Wait', Harold survived mid-air collision on a training mission.
While on temporary duty to the 9th. Air Force for Operation Tidal Wave, the low level attack on the Romanian oil refineries at Ploesti, Harold was flying in B-24D Liberator 42-40744 on 1st. August 1943, when the bomber diverted to Turkey after the mission and Harold and the crew were interned until a release was negotiated.
Harold died aged 32. His remains were not recovered after the collision and he is listed on the Tablets of the Missing at Cambridge American Cemetery.
O-769158 Lt. William T Martin Jr, Bombardier.
Born on 15th. July 1923 at Suffolk, Virginia.
William survived the collision.
13128349 T/Sgt Peter F. Ferdinand Jr, Radio Operator.
Born 29th. August 1924 at Drifton, Pennsylvania, the son of Peter F. Snr and Anna Ferdinand, nee Birosh.
Enlisted 27th. November 1942 at Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania.
Peter completed 16 x 565 BS combat missions. He bailed out and survived the mid air collision.
He returned to duty and was aboard 42-50612 King Size, which after dropping its bombs, we were hit by approximately fifteen German fighters The aircraft went into a spin, but the pilot was able to get the aircraft under control at about 15,000 ft. At that time the aircraft was on fire and the engines were running away. The aircraft was then hit by fighters again. The plane was still under partial control but heading back to Germany alone. Peter and one other then bailed out through the nose door and saw the aircraft blow up at about 1,000 ft., no other chutes were observed from the aircraft. He evaded capture in the Ardennes and returned to duty on 25th. December 1944.
Peter died at Allentown, Pennsylvania on 11th. April 1998, aged 73.
42-50452 Earthquake McGoon
19162410 / O-710437 2nd. Lt. Donald Ross Bremer, Co-pilot.
Born on 6th. February 1921 at Fort Morgan, Colorado, the son of Peter Joseph and Lillian Matilda Bremer, nee Albers
Enlisted on 30th. January 1943 at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri
Donald died aged 23. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred in Section C, Site 693 at Golden Gate National Cemetery, San Bruno, San Mateo County, California.
34872055 S/Sgt Walter Douglas 'Snooks' Brewer, Gunner.
Born on 16th. February 1917 at Surry County, Virginia the son of Luther Milton and Mary Eugenia Brewer, nee Whitmore.
Husband of Lois Dawson Brewer.
Enlisted on 8th. September 1943 at Camp Shelby Mississippi.
Walter died aged 27. He was buried Plot F, Row 4, Grave 37 at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944. He is memorialised at Union Christian Church Cemetery, Surry, Surry County.
36814876 T/Sgt William Michael Bucher, Radio operator.
Born on 4th. January 1925 at Millwaukee, Wisconsin the son of Sophie Bucher.
Enlisted on 5th. June 1943 at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
William died aged 19. He was buried in Plot D, Row 1, Grave 62 at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944.
34021953 S/Sgt Carl Vincent Hughes, Gunner.
Born on 21st. June 1916 in Missouri, the son of Nobel Johnson Hughes (KIA WW I) and Pauline Hughes, nee Cannon.
Husband of Eddie Coleen Hughes, nee O'Neal.
Hometown, Memphis, Tennessee
Enlisted on 18th. February 1941 at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.
Carl is buried in Plot F, Row 5, Grave 61 at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944.
42041178 S/Sgt Julius 'Julie' Heitler, Gunner.
Born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Paul and Esther Heitler.
Enlisted at New York City.
Julius was buried in Plot E, Row 5, Grave 95 at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944.
33541196 S/Sgt William Carl Sawyer, Gunner.
Born on 24th. August 1922 at New Kent County, Virginia, the son of Mary J. Sawyer.
Husband of Gladys Johnson Sawyer, married in 1941.
Enlisted on 21st. October 1943 at Greensboro, North Carolina.
William died aged 22. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred in Section 12, Site 1714 at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington County, Virginia.
11082353 T/Sgt Stanley Howard Smith, Engineer.
Born on 30th. December 1919 at Taunton, Bristol County, Massachusetts the son of Jesse Paran Smith and Bertha Louise Smith, nee Swift.
Enlisted on 29th. August 1942 at Boston, Massachusetts.
Stanley died aged . He was buried in Plot D, Row 2, Grave 62 at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944 and is memorialised at Furnace Village Cemetery, Easton, Bristol County.
15130809 / O-768849 2nd. Lt. Niel R Snodgrass, Navigator.
Born on 27th. March 1919 at Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Neil R. and Gertrude Snodgrass, nee Arnold.
Enlisted on 30 June 1942 at Cleveland, Ohio.
Niel died aged 25. He was buried at Cambridge American Cemetery on 22nd. November 1944, and re-interred in Section 12, Site 1273 at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington County, Virginia.
O-? Alfred V. Brooks, Pilot.
Alfred survived the mid-air collision.
War Memorial plaque in the church
Identifications from the CWGC database:
First World War:
Raymond Asquith -- Lieutenant Raymond Asquith, 3rd Bn., Grenadier Guards; died 15 September 1916, aged 37; buried in Guillemont Road Cemetery, Guillemont, Somme, France (I. B. 3.); son of the Rt. Hon.(and former M.P.) H. H. Asquith, P.C., Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1908-1916 (now 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, K.G.), and Helen his wife; husband of Katharine Asquith, of 17, Oxford Square, London, W.2.: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/534115/ASQUITH,%20RAY...
Francis Baber -- Private Francis John Baber (Service No: 21644), 14th Bn., Gloucestershire Regiment; died 7 April 1916, aged 23; buried in St. Venant Communal Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France (II. H. 4.); son of Edmund and Mary Louisa Baber, of Mells, Frome, Somerset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/287703/BABER,%20FRANC...
Geoffrey Bates -- Captain Stanes Geoffrey Bates, 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars, formerly Adjt. North Somerset Yeomanry; died 13 May 1915, aged 30; name recorded on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen (Panel 5); son of Charlotte Thaxter Bates, of Donnington Hall, Ledbury, Herefordshire, and the late Gilbert T. Bates: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/926970/BATES,%20STANE...
Oliver Burge -- Private O. S. [Oliver Samuel] Burge (Service No: 14796), 7th Bn., Bedfordshire Regiment; died 27 September 1916; buried in Aveluy Wood Cemetery (Lancashire Dump), Mesnil-Martinsart, Somme, France (I. A. 9.): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/186708/BURGE,%20O%20S
Stanley Burge - Probably: Private S. Burge (Service No: 38319), 1st Bn., Royal Berkshire Regiment; died 4 June 1918; buried in Niederzwehren Cemetery, Hessen, Germany (X. E. 8. ): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/903033/BURGE,%20S
Edgar Chamberlain -- Lance Corporal Edgar Chamberlain (Service No: 17563), 6th Bn., Somerset Light Infantry; died 22 August 1917, aged 34; name recorded on the Tyne Cot Memorial, Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen (Panel 41 to 42 and 163A.); son of Sidney and Mary Arm Chamberlain, of Rashwood Lane, Mells, Frome, Somerset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1628417/CHAMBERLAIN,%...
Alfred Grace -- Private Alfred Grace (Service No: 7231), 1st Bn., Wiltshire Regiment; died 31 October 1914, aged 26; name recorded on the Le Touret Memorial, Pas de Calais, France (Panel 33 and 34.); son of Mrs. J. Grace, of Mells, Frome, Somerset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/856989/GRACE,%20ALFRED
Wyndham Hames -- Private W. Hames (Service No: 34246), 1st/5th Bn., Somerset Light Infantry; died 10 April 1918, aged 36; buried in Ramleh War Cemetery (S. 46.); son of Richard and Mary Hames, of Mells, Frome, Somerset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/652485/HAMES,%20W
Edward Horner -- Lieutenant Edward William Horner, 18th (Queen Mary's Own) Hussars; died 21 November 1917, aged 28; buried in Rocquigny-Equancourt Road British Cemetery, Manancourt, Somme, France (I. E. 23.); son of Sir John Horner, K.C.V.O., of Mells, Frome, Somerset, and of Frances, his wife; educated Summerfields, Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, called to the Bar; joined North Somerset Yeomanry in 1914 and was transf. to the 18th Hussars, 1915; severely wounded May, 1915; rejoined 1916: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/243992/HORNER,%20EDWA...
Arthur Long -- Private Arthur James Long (Service No: 1425), North Somerset Yeomanry; died 13 May 1915; name recorded on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen (Panel 5.); [Arthur Long also has a memorial plaque in Mells Church; Adams* refers to a letter to Long's wife from Captain A. B. Mitchell of "A" Squadron giving the date of his death as the 14 May, "Your husband was killed instantaneously by a shell. He suffered no pain. The regiment went into some trenches on the night of the 13th and were shelled continuously from a quarter to four on the following morning till nine o'clock at night. The losses were very heavy, and your husband died a brave man's death. I knew your husband well, and we shall miss him in the regiment. He was respected by everyone. We buried him with the other officers and men on the battlefield." A Trooper Litman also wrote, "When I saw him before it happened he was encouraging the fellows with him to build up the trench so as to afford more protection from the shell fire, which at the time was very fierce, and it is certain that he met his death while doing this. You have the consolation of knowing that his end was quite painless, the injuries being in the head, and he never spoke or gave any sign after."]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1619280/LONG,%20ARTHU...
Herbert Olding -- Private H. Olding (Service No: 10591), 6th Bn., Somerset Light Infantry; died 16 August 1915, aged 23; buried in Ypres Reservoir Cemetery, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen (X. D. 22.); son of Arthur Thomas and Lydia Olding, of Wadbury Great Elm, Frome, Somerset; native of Mells: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/99452/OLDING,%20H
Frank Phillips -- Sapper Frank Phillips (Service No: 7191), 4th Field Coy., Australian Engineers; died 13 December 1916, aged 45; buried in Heilly Station Cemetery, Mericourt-l'Abbe, Somme, France (VI. F. 6.); son of Henry Phillips and the late Emma Phillips; husband of Florence E. Phillips, of 141, Manchester Rd., Millwall, London, England; native of Mells, Frome, Somerset, England: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/272176/PHILLIPS,%20FRANK
Leonard Silk -- Rifleman L. W. [Leonard William] Silk (Service No: R/2155), 12th Bn., King's Royal Rifle Corps; died 6 October 1915, aged 20; buried in Rue-du-Bacquerot No. 1 Military Cemetery, Laventie, Pas de Calais, France (II. D. 20.); son of William Silk, of Littleton Gardens, Blandford, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/281881/SILK,%20L%20W
Thomas Witcombe -- Private Thomas Charles Witcombe (Service No: 33683), 9th Bn., Devonshire Regiment; died 5 January 1917, aged 20; buried in Serre Road Cemetery No. 1, Somme, France (III. G. 3.); son of Auston William and Amelia Ann Witcombe, of Saw Pit Hill Cottage, Mells, Frome, Somerset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/593983/WITCOMBE,%20TH...
Second World War:
Sapper Charles Burford (Service No: 14619788), 937 Port Constr. and Repair Coy., Royal Engineers; died 15 June 1944, aged 23; buried in La Delivrande War Cemetery, Douvres, Calvados, France (I. A. 3.); husband of Zena Florence Laurie Burford, of Frome, Somerset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2339620/BURFORD,%20CH...
Private Arthur Roy John Hinks (Service No: 1694742), 5th Bn., East Yorkshire Regiment; died 6 June 1944, aged 23; buried in Bayeux War Cemetery, Calvados, France (XIV. E. 15.); Son of Sidney Arthur George and Ethel Hinks, of Mells, Somerset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2326676/HINKS,%20ARTH...
Sergeant Ernest John Montague Lucey (Service No: 536607), Royal Air Force; died 6 May 1941, aged 28; buried in Elm (St. Mary) Churchyard, Somerset (east part); son of Michael John and Gladys Edith Lucey; husband of Pamela Lucey, of Mells: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2692048/LUCEY,%20ERNE...
Probably: Flying Officer John Lambton (Service No: 77942), Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, 202 Sqdn.; trade: Air Gnr.; died 11 August 1941; buried in Gibraltar (North Front) Cemetery (Plot 2. Row A. Joint grave 1.): www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2814566/LAMBTON,%20JOHN
Charles Williams – Not possible to identify unambiguously
Stoker 1st Class Douglas Henry Seviour (Service No: D/KX 111627), Royal Navy (H.M.S. Galatea); died 15 December 1941; name recorded on the Plymouth Naval Memorial (Panel 53, Column 3.); son of Mrs. E. Seviour, of Mells, Somerset; [HMS Galatea (Wikipedia entry) was an Arethusa-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy, launched on the 9 August 1934. On 14 December 1941 she was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-557 off Alexandria, Egypt]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2487552/SEVIOUR,%20DO...
Reference
* David L. Adams, Frome's fallen heroes: the Great War (privately published, 2000)
The KOM League
Flash Report
for
August 24, 2018
This report is posted on Flickr at: www.flickr.com/photos/60428361@N07/42418276610/ There are four obituaries in this report and an account of the breaking of the 8th of the Ten Commandments. I suspect that of all the guys who played in the KOM league all ten of those commandments, Moses brought down from Mt. Sinai, got broken. However, the 8th one mentioned in this report was done by a batboy in 1951.
______________________________________________________________________________
Intro:
The photo on this site includes: Official team photo of 1949 Chanute A’s:
Back Row: L-R: Charlie Bates, Ed Morgenthaler, Jim Hansen, Al Stewart, Larry Jaros, Jake Thies, Dave Dennis, and Dave Newkirk.
Middle Row: Pete New, Jim Marks, Ray Mazzucco, Tom Imfeld and Al Fadell.
Front Row: Kent Pflasterer, Tom Tarascio, Tom Norbut, John Fehr-Batboy, Jim Imbeau and Jack Butler.
Two fellows in that photo had major league experience and one almost did. The quiz of the week is what two guys in that photo made the major leagues and what fellow almost did after making it to Triple A baseball? Put your answers on the back of a $10 bill and rush it to the KOM league headquarters to be in the running for the grand prize of a dollar. I didn’t have any takers on the $20 bill offer last week. If you don’t trust me to send in money just send me a note with your answer and I’ll go out on a limb and tell each respondent who I believe was the best ballplayer on that team. It will only surprise those who never heard of the fellow. Anyone who ever saw him play will readily agree with me. There is some evidence in the Baseball Guides as to how good the mystery player was.
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The passing of a 1951 Carthage Cub pitcher
www.legacy.com/obituaries/southbendtribune/obituary.aspx?...
On opening the foregoing link that Jack Morris sent along in the early morning hours of August 23, 2018 I was made aware that two things happened on August 21, six years apart. On August 21, 2012 my mother passed away and on August 21 of this year a fellow who played at Carthage, in 1951, died. I’m sort of happy not to have known of the former Carthage Cub pitcher’s death on the day of his passing. There is just so much bad news that old guys can handle.
Okay, enough of the pity party. When I read of the ballplayer’s death my mind did a quick “on-line” search and a few things came readily to mind. During the 1951 season the recently deceased player was very nice to me and even once asked to borrow my Rawlings Playmaker fielder’s mitt. He told me he was going to sneak into right field and play that position, in the top of the 9th. How he was to sneak past manager, Don Anderson, was puzzling to me even if I was a gullible 11-year old.
It seems to me that the guy, who was a starting pitcher, did go into the outfield on that occasion. However, if he did he got past the watchful eye of scorekeeper, Fletcher Cupp. Cupp was known to take off for a few plays and then had to ask a fan what happened when he was “napping.” I have proof of that but won’t go into detail here.
Back to the fellow in the obituary. One evening he announced that his parents and his girlfriend would be making the trip to Carthage for a couple of games. He told me that I had to secure a game ball for him to give to his lady friend. If you read the obituary you will know her name. During the game my task was to hide a ball behind the bat rack and then retrieve it after the contest ended and everyone left the field.
After doing my clubhouse duties, following the game, the field was dark and I grabbed the ball and headed home. I had been given instructions to deliver the baseball, the next morning around 11:00 a. m. to the rooming house that was the summer home of four Carthage Cubs including the deceased. Upon my arrival I handed over the baseball and the grateful player paid me 50 cents for it. I guess that was a delivery fee.
A block away from that rooming house was the church I attended and in which I was married a short nine years later. I knew that what I had done in getting the baseball for the player to give to his girlfriend was a violation of number eight of the Ten Commandments. Later in life I had to seek forgiveness for that transgression.
Now, run the clock ahead some 44 years. I was in the midst of researching the history of the KOM league and one of the former players who was the most enthusiastic about it was the guy who talked me into stealing the baseball. He sent me many pictures and other material for my book writing and also memorabilia collection. One day a baseball arrived. All that it had on it was the name of the manufacturer and E. L. Dale as KOM League president. The fellow told me he didn’t know why it hadn’t been signed. It didn’t take me long to figure out that was the same baseball I had stolen, in 1951, for him to give to his girlfriend. Two years later the pair were married and lived happily ever after which in this case was 57 years. Now, you get to read the full obituary of a great guy… William S. Bauernfeind.
Obituary
Feb. 5, 1932 - August 21, 2018
NILES, MI - Mr. William S. Bauernfeind, age 86 years, of Niles, Michigan died peacefully at 1:51 p.m. on Tuesday, August 21, 2018 with family gathered around, at the Hanson Hospice Center in Stevensville, Michigan following a brief illness.
He was born on February 5, 1932 in Green Bay, Wisconsin to Arthur G. and Viola (Corbeille) Bauernfeind. He was graduated from Niles High School in 1950 where he developed remarkable skills on the baseball team as a pitcher, and then went on to play minor league baseball for several teams including the Cubs. He served in the United States Navy as a radioman, and was honorably discharged as a Veteran of the Korean Conflict. He returned to Niles, and began a 35 year successful career in retail automobile sales, first at the former Joe Hayden Ford at 11th and Maple, and then at the former Tyler-Linville Chevrolet (now Tyler Automotive) in Niles. He was featured in the May 28, 1973 issue of Time magazine as one of Ford's top sales people for 1972.
Bill was an active member of Saint Mary Catholic Church in Niles, and an active member of the Niles-Buchanan YMCA for 40 years. He was a gifted salesman at the dealership and continued his talent for sales during retirement by buying and reselling a wide variety of items, earning him the nickname “Dollar Bill”. He also was an avid metal detector.
On November 7, 1953 in Niles, he married his high school sweetheart, the former Barbara Anne Humphrey with whom he celebrated the remarkable fifty-seventh anniversary of their wedding prior to her death on August 3, 2011. He was also preceded in death by his parents, and by Barbara's parents, Harry and Evelyn Humphrey, and Barbara's brother, Jerry Humphrey.
Surviving family includes their children, Michael (& Norma) Bauernfeind of Mishawaka, Indiana, and Mary (& Greg) Bierwagen and Martha (& Dave) Vogl, both of Niles; grandchildren, Mark (& Melissa) Bauernfeind, Ryan (& Oksana) Bauernfeind, Eric Bauernfeind, and Noah Vogl; great-granddaughters, Mia and Anastasia Bauernfeind; and Bill's brother, Arthur (& Dianna) Bauernfeind of Boston, Massachusetts and his daughter, Laura Wear.
The Memorial Mass for William Bauernfeind will be celebrated at 11:00 a.m. on Monday, August 27, 2018 at Saint Mary Catholic Church, 203 South Lincoln Avenue in Niles by the Rev. Christian Johnston of the parish. Committal Rites will follow at Calvary Cemetery in Niles, and will conclude with Full Military Honors by the United States Navy Honor Guard and the American Legion Post #51 of Buchanan, Michigan.
The family will receive relatives and friends on Sunday from 5:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m. at the Halbritter-Wickens Funeral Home, 615 East Main Street in Niles. Contributions in memory of Bill may be made to Saint Mary Catholic Church, stmarysniles.org/, or the Niles-Buchanan YMCA, www.ymcaswm.com/locations/niles-buchanan-ymca. Online condolences may be left at: www.halbritterwickens.com. (Note: I left condolences on that site on behalf of the Carthage Cubs.) Published in South Bend Tribune on Aug. 23, 2018
Ed comment:
A photo of Bauernfeind would have been linked to this report but my limit had already been exceeded. As stated, numerous times, attaching more than one photo to a report taxes the readership’s ability to hit another link or else boredom has already overtaken them. Maybe next time I can share a photo of “Dollar Bill” Bauernfeind.
Contact was made with a few of the fellows from the 1951 Carthage Cubs, by e-mail. At least one guy read it. I mentioned in my first note that there were about eight former members of that team inhaling and exhaling in relative close proximity. The former Carthage Cub who read the Bauernfeind obituary wasn’t sure if he was still alive and would let me know at a later time. So as I await a message from Walter Babcock I’ll tell you that on closer scrutiny I found that there are 14 other 1951 Carthage Cubs who are in better, the same or worse condition than Babcock.
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Death of three members of 1949 Chanute Athletics is confirmed
The online obituary:
Elmer August Boston, of Berkeley Mo. has departed this life peacefully on Tuesday. May 5th 2016 in the comfort of his home with his family around him.
There will be a memorial for him on Sunday, May 15th, 2016.
Ed comment:
Elmer Boston pitched in ten games for the 1949 Chanute Athletics. He was released by the club on July 15 of that year and joined Fulton, Kentucky of the Kitty league. In 1950 he pitched for Union City, Tenn. in the Kitty league as well as Mt. Vernon, Ill. in the Mississippi-OhioValley league. From 1951-53 he was the property of Uncle Sam. After his time in the service he played at Mount Vernon and Danville, Ill. in the Mississippi-OhioValley league
Aside from his brief obituary, short time in the KOM league and the stops he made in his three years in professional baseball that is about all I know regarding the deceased. I did converse with him about 20 years ago and learned that he was born May 22, 1930 in Berkeley, Missouri.
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James Christopher Marks 1949 and 1950 Chanute.
Find-A-Grave www.findagrave.com/memorial/163946428 Photo included.
A starting point for this story goes this way—I couldn’t find the former Chanute 3rd baseman until after he died. That happens quite frequently in tracking former players. Somehow they hide under the radar of computer searches.
James Christopher Marks was born March 9, 1928 (Some public records indicate he was born March 15) in Englewood, Colorado and passed away in Denver on April 26, 2016 and is buried at Ft. Logan National Cemetery in Denver. He attended Englewood, Colorado schools and his high school athletic career is well documented in that high school’s yearbooks. If any of you have Ancestry.com they aren’t difficult to find. Here is a link to one of his high school’s sports team’s photos from 1944. www.ancestry.com/interactive/1265/43134_b197113-00036 That is included so that it can be compared to how he appeared as a member of the Chanute Athletics, five years later, which is the lead photo for this report. The photo at this Ancestry.com site was taken in 1945 www.ancestry.com/interactive/1265/43134_b197532-00026?p
After graduation from Englewood High School, in 1945, Marks joined the United States Navy where he attained the rank of Seaman First Class during WWII.
In 1949 Marks was the regular third baseman for Chanute. He hit .237 and even had a home run in a league where the four-bagger was not that common.
Marks returned to Chanute for the 1950 season but didn’t play in more than a couple of games.
Regrettably, there isn’t much more information on Marks. He did make it into the team photo of the 1949 Chanute team which is found on page 60 of “The KOM League Remembered” published by Arcadia and available from most book sellers. He is also in one of the worst team photos of all-time which appears on page 374 of “Majoring in The Minors” and that book is not available anywhere except on E-bay or possibly one of the few purchasers of it who would like to unload it.
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A former KOM leaguer from Webb City, MO
Charles Edward Jones. B. 7/14/1927 D. 12/2/1998 Webb City Mo
Find a Grave data:
Charles was the husband of Beverly Elaine (Wyrick) Jones. He worked in the custodian department at the Webb City R-7 School District in Webb City, MO, and also drove a school bus part time as a substitute driver. www.findagrave.com/memorial/100634289/charles-edward-jone...
Charles Jones’s daughter just passed away in July. Her obituary filled in a few of the blanks regarding her dad. www.findagrave.com/memorial/191289007/sandra-elaine-shewmake
Draft card information of Charles Jones:
Name:Charles Edward Jones
Gender: Male
Race:White
Age:18
Relationship to Draftee: Self (Head)
Birth Place:Webb City, Missouri, USA
Birth Date: 4 Jul 1927 (Other documents show July 14 as birth date)
Residence Place: Joplin, Jasper, Missouri, USA
Registration Date: 17 Jul 1945
Employer:Unemployed
Weight:160
Complexion:Light Brown
Eye Color:Brown
Hair Color:Brown
Height: 5’ 10”
Next of Kin:Mable Florence Jones (Mother)
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Now there are three remaining
With the discovery of the deaths of Elmer Boston, James Marks and Charles Jones, only three former members of the 1949 Chanute Athletics remain. They are Jim Imbeau, Ed Morganthaler and Frank Urban. Imbeau was born 10/23/1927 in Ola, Arkansas and now lives in Kansas City, Morgenthaler is a native St. Louisan born there 5/23/1929 and resides in Chesterfield, MO.. Francis Urban was born in 1925 at Carthage, MO and now lives in Springfield, MO.
Imbeau started the 1949 season at Chanute, was then released and then resigned later in the season. Urban had made an appearance with Chanute in 1947. The Chanute club came to Carthage for a series with the Class D St. Louis Cardinal affiliate and went home with a 22-year old pitcher out of the Carthage Twilight league which was a local league that played games after the men got off work and had to conclude prior to darkness for there were no lights at the ballpark. The ballpark was located just south of the stadium where professional games were played. Some of the fellows playing in the Twilight league had performed in professional baseball in both the Western Association and Arkansas/Missouri league that folded in mid-year of 1940.
After those early games many of the amateur players would go watch the local pro team. Another pitcher in the Twilight league signed in 1952 when Iola needed a pitcher and that team took Cecil Parks home with them. Parks was another player that was attributed to have come from Carthage but he was actually born at Wentworth, MO and was living at Reeds, MO when he played Twilight league ball in Carthage. Parks lived about 10 miles from the birthplace of Carl Hubbell.
Urban lived in Kendricktown at the time he pitched for Chanute, the last time around, and in the winter time he worked at the White Spot Grocery in that same village. Amazingly, at one of the KOM league reunions a large banquet was held in an historic house in Kendricktown which was just located across the road from that Civil War edifice. A number of former big league ballplayers attended such as Joe Stanka, Bob Speake, Gale Wade, Whitey Herzog, Cloyd Boyer, Bill Virdon and Jerry Lumpe. As I looked out the window of that banquet setting I spied the place where Urban once worked. I guess I was the only person at the event who knew of the Urban connection to the area. Now, at least another dozen people are aware of that bit of trivia.
Of the three surviving members of the 1949 Chanute club Morgenthaler is the youngest at 89, Imbeau is 91 and Urban turned 93 in April.
Charles Jones had a similar entry into the KOM league as Francis Urban did. Jones either hooked on with Chanute when they visited Carthage or at nearby Pittsburg, Kansas. Sorry that I was never able to speak with Jones about that issue.
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I know better but….
Each time I wish to entertain and inform the “masses” and include more than one photo, it fails miserably. In the previous Flash Report a photo of Donald Stange was shared in his teenage portion of life and another when he was probably seven decades older. How did that work out? Well, even though you didn’t ask here is the result. The first photo on the site had 5.7 times more hits than the runner-up-photo.
The official team photo of the 1949 Chanute team is included as the lead photo of this report. The unofficial photo was taken at the YMCA in Pittsburg, Kansas the morning after a night game when Chanute played the local St. Louis Browns affiliate. From the looks of the photo the previous night’s game didn’t go their way. Readers are invited to return to those “thrilling days of yesteryear” and view the photo and identification of the players thereon which was published way back in 2013.. www.flickr.com/photos/60428361@N07/8476082949/in/photolis... The late Charles Jones, mentioned in this report was not in the official team photo, which is the lead photo of this report but is in the scruffy team photo, cited above.
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Okay, I’m done. If anyone reads this, let me know.
War Memorial plaque
The inscription (and some identifications):
In affectionate and grateful remembrance of the men of this parish who gave their lives in the Great War 1914 - 1919
Fred Bigwood -- Private F. W. J. Bigwood (Service No: 33707), 9th Bn., Devonshire Regiment; died 7 May 1917; name recorded on the Arras Memorial, Pas-de-Calais, France (Bay 4.); [Frederick William John Bigwood appears in the 1911 Census as an 29-year old agricultural labourer living at Gussage All Saints with his wife Laura and four young children (including 10-month old twins). Fred had been born at Greenwich and Laura at Wimborne, while all of their children had been born at Gussage All Saints]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/740875/BIGWOOD,%20F%2...
James Cull -- Lance Corporal J. Cull (Service No: P/1936), Military Police Corps, Military Foot Police; died 10 August 1915; buried in Salisbury (London Road) Cemetery, Wiltshire (O. 378.); [at the time of the 1911 Census, James Cull was a 31-year old Police Constable with the Salisbury City Police; in April 1911, he was living at 19 Clarendon Road, Elm Grove, Salisbury, with his wife Elizabeth (born at Martin, Wiltshire) and 3-year old son Stanley, who had been born at Salisbury; James Cull also features in Richard Broadhead's Salisbury Soldiers: the Great War (Tempus, 2007, p. 46): "The death of James Cull occurred at Aldershot on Tuesday 10 August 1915 of the Military Foot Police, who prior to the outbreak of war was a member of the Salisbury City Police Force. James Cull was a native of Gussage, Dorset, and went through the South African War in the Grenadier Guards, receiving the medal for the campaign. In March 1903 he joined the City Police Force. His career in the city was marked by his plucky action in stopping a runaway horse on Christmas Eve 1912, when, attached to a cart, it bolted down Fisherton Street towards the Butcher Row, which was crowded at the time. At the risk of his own life, he dashed at the animal's head, and undoubtedly prevented an accident which would have been attended with disastrous results. His conduct received official recognition in January 1913, when at the sitting City Petty Sessions the mayor presented the constable with a watch. Promotion followed n 23 January, when Cull was made a first class constable. He was a good all-round cricketer and a highly respected member in the force, becoming familiar to residents as one of the police who undertook mounted duty. In September 1914, he left Salisbury to act as a drill instructor, with the rank of sergeant, at the depot of the Wiltshire Regiment at Devizes, and he transferred to the Military Foot Police at Aldershot. He was taken ill suddenly on 5 August, and died on 10 August. His funeral was held on 14 August, his coffin was placed on a wheeled bier and covered with a Union Jack. It was followed by family mourners and a long procession which included many members of the City Police Force and special constables and members of the military from the Foot Police. He was thirty-five and left a widow and one little boy." Broadhead says that James Cull's parents were Joseph and Harriet L. Cull; the 1911 Census includes Joseph Cull, a 59-year old farm labourer, living at Gussage All Saints with his wife Lucy, his 11-year old daughter Bessie, and a boarder, which could be James's family]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/406275/CULL,%20J
Arthur Cutler -- Serjeant A. Cutler (Service No: 230660), 1st/1st Dorset Yeomanry (Queen's Own); died 17 November 1917; buried in Deir el Belah War Cemetery, Israel/Palestine (B. 123.); [Sergeant Cutler's Forces War Records entry states that he was born at Holt, Dorset and resident at St. Giles, Salisbury, Wiltshire [i.e. Wimborne St. Giles]: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/645537/CUTLER,%20A
Sidney Cutler
Sidney Elliott -- Private Sidney Elliott (Service No: 26561), 6th Bn., Wiltshire Regiment; died 28 January 1917, aged 19; buried in Varennes Military Cemetery, Somme, France (I. H. 10.); son of Tom and Rose Elliott, of Gussage All Saints, nr. Salisbury: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/72925/ELLIOTT,%20SIDNEY
Edward Harrison
Arthur Harrison
Fred Jacobs
William Jacobs
Arthur King
Norman Lockyer -- Serjeant Norman Lockyer (Service No: 128), "C" Sqdn., Dorset Yeomanry (Queen's Own); died 21 August 1915, aged 29; buried in Green Hill Cemetery, Turkey (Special Memorial E. 1.); son of Joseph and Sarah Lockyer, of Wyke St. Giles, Dorset, and later Berwyn Lodge, Broadstone, Dorset: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/602350/LOCKYER,%20NORMAN
Arthur Lush -- Private Arthur George Lush (Service No: 12407), 1st Bn., Coldstream Guards; died 14 November 1915, aged 20; buried in St Sever Cemetery, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France (A. 14. 38.); son of Thomas and Mary Jane Lush, of Bower Chalke, Salisbury: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/515445/LUSH,%20ARTHUR...
Stephen Penny -- Ordinary Seaman David Stephen Penny (Service No: J/23829), Royal Navy (H.M.S. "Invincible."); died 31 May 1916, aged 18; name recorded on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial (Panel 14.); son of Walter and Emma Penny, of Brockington, St. Giles, Salisbury: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/3037959/PENNY,%20DAVI...
James Renyard -- Private James Davis Renyard (Service No: 10380), 5th Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 21 August 1915, aged 26; name recorded on the Helles Memorial, Turkey (Panel 136 to 139.); son of George and Alice Ann Renyard, of The Walk, [Wimborne] St. Giles, Salisbury: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/687523/RENYARD,%20JAM...
Frank White -- Private Frank White (Service Number: 7173), 1st Bn., Dorsetshire Regiment; died 1 July 1916; buried in Serre Road Cemetery No. 2, Somme, France (XII. H. 1/14.)
"Faithful unto Death"
And in like remembrance of those who fell in the years 1939 - 1945
Alfred Brewer
Anthony Hiscock -- Petty Officer William Anthony Hiscock (Service No: P/JX 132271), Royal Navy (H.M.S. Hood); died 24 May 1941, aged 28; name recorded on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial (Panel 46, Column 2.); son of William and Annie Elizabeth Hiscock, of Gussage All Saints, Dorsetshire: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2494312/HISCOCK,%20WI...
Augustus Hiscock -- Sergeant James Augustus Hiscock (Service No: 1350563), Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve; died 28 July 1944, aged 23; buried in Ramleh War Cemetery, Israel/Palestine (5. F. 2-5.); son of William Augustus and Annie Elizabeth Hiscock, of Gussage All Saints, Dorsetshire: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2219850/HISCOCK,%20JA...
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR - springthorpe
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial within the Boroondara Cemetery (VHR0049)commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected in 1897 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures. It contains twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland supporting a Harcourt granite superstructure, and a glass dome roof of lead lighting.
How is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is historically important in demonstrating nineteenth century social and cultural attitudes to death, and for reflecting the ideals of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement which aimed at providing comfort for mourners. The memorial is important in demonstrating uniqueness, no other example being known of such aesthetic composition, architectural design and execution, or scale. It is important in exhibiting good design and aesthetic characteristics and for the richness and unusual integration of features. The Springthorpe Memorial is also important in illustrating the principal characteristics of the work of a number of artists including Desbrowe Annear, Mackennal, the glass manufacturers Auguste Fischer and the bronze work of Marriots.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR - springthorpe
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial within the Boroondara Cemetery (VHR0049)commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected in 1897 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures. It contains twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland supporting a Harcourt granite superstructure, and a glass dome roof of lead lighting.
How is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is historically important in demonstrating nineteenth century social and cultural attitudes to death, and for reflecting the ideals of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement which aimed at providing comfort for mourners. The memorial is important in demonstrating uniqueness, no other example being known of such aesthetic composition, architectural design and execution, or scale. It is important in exhibiting good design and aesthetic characteristics and for the richness and unusual integration of features. The Springthorpe Memorial is also important in illustrating the principal characteristics of the work of a number of artists including Desbrowe Annear, Mackennal, the glass manufacturers Auguste Fischer and the bronze work of Marriots.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Image Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Cussen Memorial is a mausoleum located within the Roman Catholic section of the Boroondara General Cemetery, Kew (VHR0049). The sandstone memorial is built in the Gothic Revival style in the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge capping embellishing the exterior. The memorial occupies a landmark position within the Cemetery. The Cussen Memorial was constructed in 1912-13 by Leo Cussen in memory of his son Hubert. Leo Cussen (later Sir Leo) was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of Victoria in 1906, where he displayed the qualities which were to mark him, in the words of Sir Owen Dixon, as the 'greatest of all judges', combining legal expertise with great humanity and practicality. Sir Leo was considered by Sir Robert Menzies as 'one of the great judges of the English speaking world'. In addition to his duties as a judge, Leo Cussen accepted responsibility for the consolidations of the Victorian Acts of Parliament, which took place in 1915, and again in 1929. In 1922, after four years of labour over centuries of English legislation, he presented to the Victorian Parliament the Bill for the Imperial Acts Application Act, which was passed without amendment.
The architect for the Memorial was WP Conolly of the firm Kempson and Conolly. Conolly was one of the most prominent architects designing Catholic churches in Melbourne in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Cussen's choice of architect for the memorial reflects his Catholic connections in Melbourne. In 1930, Conolly was asked by Lady Cussen to make alterations to the Cussen Memorial to allow for additional tombs. In spite of being built initially for Hubert Cussen, the Memorial has been strongly associated with Sir Leo Cussen since his burial there in 1933 and is often referred to as the Leo Cussen Memorial.
How is it significant?
The Cussen Memorial is of architectural and historical significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Cussen Memorial is of architectural significance as a fine example of an early twentieth century mausoleum in the Gothic style, designed by WP Conolly, one of the most prominent architects designing Catholic churches in Melbourne in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The Cussen Memorial is of historical significance for its association with Sir Leo Cussen, justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria from 1906 to 1933, a highly popular and respected judge, legal educator and scholar, who was responsible for the consolidation of Victoria's statutes in 1915 and 1929 and the consolidation of over 7000 English Acts applicable in Victoria in the Imperial Acts Application Act of 1922.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Row E
Row 1
Niche 1: vacant
Niche 2: Jean Wilberforce
Niche 3: Craigie John Robertson Brookland
Dorothy Iris Brookland
Niche 4: Louisa Allan McGregor Crooks
Niche 5: Catherine White Ward
Niche 6: Leslie Litterick Wither
Niche 7: Sarah Ann Bryan
Niche 8: Robert Henry Diggle
Niche 9: Selina Robertson
Niche 10: Bella Healey
Niche 11: Florence May Long
Niche 12: Ernest Alfred Ruffles
Row 2
Niche 13: Betty More
Niche 14: vacant
Niche 15: Trevor William Nyberg
Niche 16: vacant
Niche 17: Rodney Fyfe Elmes
Niche 18: Alfred May
Niche 19: Gertrude May Hansbro
Niche 20: Beverley Susan Price
Niche 21: George Sherrar Bullen
Maud Hannah Bullen
Niches 22 & 23: vacant
Niche 24: Sally Salteil
Row 3
Niche 25: Henrietta Helen Batley
Niche 26: Louisa May Rose
Niche 27: Alfred Victor Rose
Niche 28: Joseph Peckham
Niche 29: Violet Lillian Reid
Niche 30: vacant
Niche 31: Doris Gwendoline Wharfe
Niche 32: Thomas Roy Marriott
Niche 33: Pauline Alma Jennings
Niche 34: Harold Thomas Howard
Niche 35: Colin Steven Sutherland
Niche 36: Henry James Chiswell
Kathleen Jessie Chiswell
Row 4
Niche 37: Joyce Erenora Siderfin
Niche 38: vacant
Niche 39: Gordon Perry Rutherford
Niche 40: Duncan George MacKinlay
Niche 41: Jessie Grace McSporran
Niche 42: Isobel Tarbuck
Niche 43: Ivy Ellen Emma Preston
John Hamon Preston
Niche 44: Gordon Alfred Roy Pierrot
Niches 45 & 46: vacant
Niche 47: plaque, no inscription
Niche 48: vacant
Row 5
Niche 49: Richard Bruce Pinfold
Niches 50-53: vacant
Niche 54: Eunice Arawa Nockall
Niche 55: vacant
Niche 56: Viola Doreen Joyce Pope
Niche 57: Keith Edward Bullen
Niche 58: Edward Whitehead
Niche 59: vacant
Niche 60: Lawrence David Fitness
Row 6
Niche 61: Richard Pahoro Edmonds
Niche 62: Helen Grainger
Niche 63: Arthur Nisbet West
Niche 64: Ernest Crooks
Niche 65: Alice Marion May
Niche 66: Nardia Anne Hawke
Niches 67 & 68: vacant
Niche 69: Harriet Pugh
Niche 70: William Fisher
Verna Fisher
Niche 71: Ruby Anita Whitefield
Niche 72: vacant
Row 7
Niche 73: Mary Beaton
Niches 74-76: vacant
Niche 77: Jack Richard Ward
Niches 78 & 79: vacant
Niche 80: Elvie Audrey Marriott
Niches 81-83: vacant
Niche 84: John Douglas Perry
Row 8
Niche 85-96: vacant
Link to charts:
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BIDYwr92HMRbG4oEOl3xHJOco...
Link to Columbarium Niche Walls Album:
www.flickr.com/photos/discoverwaikumetecemetery/albums/72...
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR - springthorpe
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial within the Boroondara Cemetery (VHR0049)commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected in 1897 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures. It contains twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland supporting a Harcourt granite superstructure, and a glass dome roof of lead lighting.
How is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is historically important in demonstrating nineteenth century social and cultural attitudes to death, and for reflecting the ideals of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement which aimed at providing comfort for mourners. The memorial is important in demonstrating uniqueness, no other example being known of such aesthetic composition, architectural design and execution, or scale. It is important in exhibiting good design and aesthetic characteristics and for the richness and unusual integration of features. The Springthorpe Memorial is also important in illustrating the principal characteristics of the work of a number of artists including Desbrowe Annear, Mackennal, the glass manufacturers Auguste Fischer and the bronze work of Marriots.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on Place Saint-Gervais in the Marais district, east of City Hall (Hôtel de Ville). The current church was built between 1494 and 1657, on the site of two earlier churches; the facade, completed last, was the first example of the French baroque style in Paris. The organists of the church included Louis Couperin and his nephew François Couperin, two of the most celebrated composers and musicians of the Baroque period; the organ they used can still be seen today. The church contains remarkable examples of medieval carved choir stalls, stained glass from the 16th century, 17th century sculpture, and modern stained glass by Sylvie Gaudin and Claude Courageux. Saint-Gervais was a parish church until 1975, when it became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem.
History
A church dedicated to Saints Gervasius and Protasius, two Christian martyrs from Milan, is recorded as existing on the site in the 7th century, making it one of the first parish churches on the right bank in Paris. It was attended mostly by boatmen and fishermen, because it was close to the river port at the Place de Grève. It was built on a slight hill, the Monceau Saint-Gervais, to be safe from the floods of the Seine. After the completion of the wall of Philippe-Auguste, built between 1190 and 1209, the neighborhood was protected against attack and the population began to grow. The church had come under the sponsorship of several of the important confreries or guilds of Paris, including the wine-merchants. With their financial help, a larger church was built on the site in the early 13th century. .[1]
Construction of the present church began in 1494, but was delayed by the Wars of religion and by a shortage of funds. It was begun in the Gothic style; the chapels of the apse were finished in 1530 and the transept in 1578.[2] While the interior of the church was largely Gothic, the facade was built in an original new style, the French Baroque, on a plan by architect Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626). The first stone of the facade was placed by the young King Louis XIII in 1616. Between 1600 and 1628, a second row of chapels was built on the north side including the golden chapel ornamented with painted woodwork.[3]
During the 17th and 18th century the church was attended by many members of the aristocratic families who lived in the Marais, including Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, and the Chancellor of Louis XIV, Michel Le Tellier, whose funeral monument is found in the church.
Beginning in 1653, the church employed and sheltered the Couperin family, one of the most famous dynasties of French musicians, for more than two centuries. On one side of the church, the home of the celebrated harpsichordists, organists, and composers still stands, with a plaque commemorating the Couperins' tenure. The organ used by Louis and François Couperin still exists today inside the church; it was built by the most famous organ builders of the time, François-Henri Clicquot, Louis-Alexandre Clicquot, and Robert Clicquot.
In the 18th century, the facade of the church was greatly admired, though it was nearly blocked from view by a row of houses. Voltaire wrote, "It is a masterpiece which is lacking nothing except a place from which to see it." The houses blocking the view were finally demolished in 1854, opening up the view of the facade. .[4]
During the French Revolution, the church was emptied of many of its treasures and turned into a Temple of Reason and Youth, before being returned to the Church in 1802.
On 29 March 1918, a German shell, fired by the long-range "Paris Gun", fell on the church, killing 91 people and wounding 68 others; the explosion collapsed the roof when a Good Friday service was in progress. This was the worst single incident involving a loss of civilian lives during the German bombardment of Paris in 1918.[5] Among those killed was Rose-Marie Ormond Andre-Michel, the niece and a favorite model of John Singer Sargent.[6]
In 1975 the church became the headquarters of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem, founded in that same year by Père Pierre-Marie Delfieu with the authorisation of the then Archbishop of Paris, François Marty. The order is devoted to carrying on monastic life in an urban context; most of its members work part-time in civil occupations. The church is known for its distinctive and ecumenical liturgy; for example, adopting Lutheran hymn music and Orthodox troparia. The order has founded several other communities in France, at Mont St. Michel, Vezelay, and Magdala Sologne and elsewhere in Europe, in Florence, Brussels, Cologne, Warsaw, and Montreal.
Five new stained glass windows by Sylvie Gaudin were added to the southwest chevet of the church in 1993–95. Another series of six windows by Claude Courageux was added in the early 2000s in the upper level of the church, in the south nave, the transept and the choir, replacing those destroyed over the centuries.[7]
Facade
The facade of the church was begun in 1616, well after the nave of the church, with the cornerstone laid by Louis XIII. The design was by Salomon de Brosse (1571–1626), whose other major Paris work was the Luxembourg Palace. While the nave of the church was late or flamboyant gothic, the facade introduced an entirely new classical style, which opened the way for the French Baroque. The facade placed the three classical orders of architecture one atop the other. The ground floor featured three bays with pairs of columns with capitals of the simplest Doric order, with a classical pediment. Above this is a level of three bays with columns of the ionic order, and above that is a single bay with paired columns of the Corinthian order, holding up a curved pediment. In order to attach the new facade to the gothic portion of the church, de Brosse designed a traverse and two semicircular chapels on either side of the facade. The facade served as model for other churches in France and Europe, most notably the church of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, the church of the Jesuits, not far away in the Marais, which was the first church in Paris built entirely in the new style. [8]
Since the Middle Ages, an elm tree has been planted in front of the church; it served as a meeting place, and a place where disputes were sometimes settled by judges. The trees were replanted regularly over the centuries. Carvings of the trees from earlier centuries are found on the walls of some of the neighboring buildings.
Nave
The nave of the church (1600–1620) is notable for its dramatic height and the simplicity and purity of its lines. While the lower level of the nave is late gothic, the upper level of the nave shows the influence of the Renaissance, with large semi-circular arches containing a series of large stained glass windows, filling the church with light. The upper windows are 21st-century, by Claude Courageux, illustrating the story of Adam and Eve, Noah's ark, and the patriarchs and their spouses. The ceiling of the nave, where the arches of the walls come together in an elaborate embroidery, symbolizes the vaults of heaven.
Choir stalls
The wooden choir stalls (16th–17th century), from the reigns of François I and Henri II, are richly carved with scenes of daily life, the different professions, and grotesque animals. Out of sight from those attending mass, they were designed as a place where the Canons of the church could relax during the service. Some of the figures were too intimate for more puritanical later centuries, and had to be censored, including a carved image of a man and woman bathing together.[8]
Chapel of the Virgin
The chapel of the Virgin, at the back of the church, has a dramatic late gothic vaulted ceiling, featuring a hanging crown of stone 2.5 meters in diameter, and abstract designs resembling flames. The room is often used for silent meditation by church visitors. The chapel has some of the oldest stained glass windows in the flamboyant gothic style, made by Jean Chastellain in 1517, illustrating the life of the Virgin Mary. [8] Another remarkable window by Chastellain, "The Judgement of Solomon", made in 1533 in the colorful Renaissance style, is found in a side chapel.
Painting and sculpture
The church contains a number of notable works of art.
- A painting by the Venetian artist Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734), Saint Gregory the Great and Saint Vital intercede for the souls in Pugatory, located in the Chapel of Saint Philomene. This was brought from Venice to Paris by Napoleon after his Italian campaign.
- The paintings The Beheading of John the Baptist and The Adoration of the Magi by Claude Vignon (1593–1670), located in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- A statue of Christ carved in oak by Antoine-Augustin Préault (1809-1879) in the Chapel of the Virgin.
- Statues from the funeral monument of Michel Tellier (1603–1685) the Chancellor of Louis XIV, by Pierre Mazeline (1632–1685) and Simon Hurtelle (1648–1724). The figures include the Chancellor, in prayer; a weeping 'genie' praying at his feet; and two draped figures representing Faith and Religion. Two other figures from the group, Justice and Prudence, are found in the Louvre.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St-Gervais-et-St-Protais
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St Gervais et St Protais has 21 mid 16th century misericords and 21 early 17th century misericords.
More information can be found here:-
www.misericords.co.uk/stgervaisandstprotais.html
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Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church - Paris
A church dedicated to the twin martyrs Gervais and Protais
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church is located on the eastern side of the Hôtel-de-Ville.
It stands on a hillock known as Monceau Saint-Gervais and replaced the Chapelle Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais.
This chapel served the fishing village that developed on the small mound during the 5th century. This community was one of the few on the Rive Droite, which then was a vast marsh today known as Marais.
The chapel was dedicated to the twin Roman officers who were martyred under the reign of Nero (1st century AD).
Place Saint-Gervais, the church square was initially called Carrefour de l'Orme. It was named after the huge elm that marked its centre and was felled at the French Revolution.
It was enlarged and renamed during Haussmann's renovation of Paris of the mid 19th century.
The cemetery was decommissioned in 1765 to give way to Place Baudoyer, the square that serves the town hall of the 4th district.
Sarcophagi and burial artifacts dating back to the 1st century AD were discovered during construction works.
Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church ,is a fine illustration of French architecture.
The Hôtel-de-Ville district developed in the 13th century and gave rise to a thriving community. The little Saint Gervais Saint Protais Chapel became obsolete, a larger church was much needed!
However, the construction of the new church dragged on from 1494 to 1660 due to the lack of funds.
Amazingly, this slow progress turned Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church into a perfect illustration of the evolution of French architecture.
Salomon de Brosse designed the French Baroque (Jesuit Style) facade with the three classical orders, the first of its style in Paris.
The 25m high Gothic Flamboyant nave and the 16th and 17th century stained glass windows are equally impressive.
Francois-Henri Clicquot built the organ in 1601. The wind-chests, reeds and two-thirds of its stops are original and turn the instrument into one of the oldest organs in Paris.
The composer François Couperin is among the prestigious organists who played in Saint Gervais Saint Protais Church, which is to this day a major centre of Sacred Music.
The church has two other, but smaller, organs which are located in the side chapels
www.travelfranceonline.com/saint-gervais-saint-protais-ch...
See also:-
www.spottinghistory.com/view/4397/st-gervais-et-st-protai...
Fantastic celtic detail
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
Washington Square Park, NYC
by navema
An open space with a tradition of nonconformity, the park's fountain area has long been one of the city's popular spots for residents and tourists. Most of the buildings surrounding the park now belong to New York University. Some of the buildings have been built by NYU, others have been converted from their former uses into academic and residential buildings. The university rents the park for its graduation ceremonies, and uses the Arch as a symbol. Although NYU considers the park to be the core of the school's campus, Washington Square remains a public park, which local residents have protected as an essential part of the neighborhood.
Located at the foot of Fifth Avenue, the park is bordered by Washington Square North (Waverly Place east and west of the park), Washington Square East (University Place north of the park), Washington Square South (West 4th Street east and west of the park), and Washington Square West (MacDougal Street north and south of the park).
While the Park contains many flower beds and trees, little of the park is used for plantings due to the paving. The two prominent features are Washington's Arch and a large fountain. It includes children's play areas, trees and gardens, paths to stroll on, a chess and scrabble playing area, park benches, picnic tables, commemorative statuary and two dog runs.
Those commemorated by statues and monuments include George Washington; Italian patriot and soldier Giuseppe Garibaldi, commander of the insurrectionist forces in Italy’s struggle for unification, and one to Alexander Lyman Holley, a talented engineer who helped start the American steel industry after the invention of the Bessemer process for mass producing steel.
The New York City Police Department operates security cameras in the park. The New York University Department of Public Safety also keeps a watch on the park, and the city parks department has security officers who sometimes patrol the park. The area has a low crime rate in the "safest big city in the United States."
HISTORY:
COLONIAL ERA
Washington Square Park is one of the best-known of New York City's 1,900 public parks. At 9.75 acres, it is a landmark in the Manhattan neighborhood of Greenwich Village, as well as a meeting place and center for cultural activity. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
Originally, the land here was divided by a narrow marshy valley through which Minetta Creek (or Brook) ran. Native Americans owned the land before the Dutch attacked and drove them out in the early 17th century, and then gave the land to slaves, thus freeing them, as a reward for protecting the area from attacks of the Native Americans. Today, the area, then called "The Land of the Blacks," is Washington Square Park.
BURIAL GROUND
It remained farmland until April 1797, when the Common Council of New York purchased the fields to the east of the Minetta for a new potter's field, or public burial ground. It was used mainly for burying unknown or indigent people when they died. But when New York (which did not include this area yet) went through yellow fever epidemics in the early 19th century, most of those who died from yellow fever were also buried here, safely away from town, as a hygienic measure.
A legend in many tourist guides says that the large elm at the northwest corner of the park, Hangman's Elm, was the old hanging tree. Unfortunately for the legend, the tree was on the wrong side of the former Minetta Creek, where it stood in the back garden of a private house. Records of only one public hanging at the potter's field exist. Two eyewitness to the recorded hanging differed on the location of the gallows. One said it had been put up at a spot where the fountain is now, the other placed it closer to where the Arch is now.
The cemetery was closed in 1825. To this day, the remains of more than 20,000 bodies rest under Washington Square.
BIRTH OF WASHINGTON SQUARE
In 1826 the City bought the land west of the Minetta, the square was laid out and leveled, and it was turned into the Washington Military Parade Ground. Military parade grounds were public spaces specified by the City where volunteer militia companies responsible for the nation's defense would train.
The streets surrounding the square became one of the city's most desirable residential areas in the 1830s. The protected row of Greek Revival style houses on the north side of the park remain from that time.
In 1849 and 1850, the parade ground was reworked into the first park on the site. More paths were added and a new fence was built around it. In 1871, it came under the control of the newly-formed New York City Department of Parks, and it was re-designed again, with curving rather than straight secondary paths
CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN
In 1889, to celebrate the centennial of George Washington's inauguration as president of the United States, a large plaster and wood Memorial Arch was erected over Fifth Avenue just north of the park. The temporary plaster and wood arch was so popular that in 1892 a permanent marble arch was erected (modeled after the 1806 Arc de Triomphe in Paris). During the excavations for the eastern leg of the arch, human remains, a coffin and a gravestone dated 1803 were uncovered 10 feet below ground level. The inscription on the arch reads: Let us raise a standard to which the wise and the honest can repair. The event is in the hand of God. — Washington
In 1934 Robert Moses (Parks Commissioner) embarked on a crusade to fully redesign the park (including renovating the fountain to also serve as a wading pool), and local activists began an opposing fight that lasted three decades.
BEATNIK RIOT
Since around the end of World War II, folksingers had been congregating on warm Sunday afternoons at the fountain in the center of the park. Tension and conflicts began to develop between the bohemian element and the remaining working-class residents of the neighborhood. The city government began showing an increasing hostility to the use of public facilities by the public, and in 1947 began requiring permits before public performances could be given in any city park. In the spring of 1961, folk music pioneer Izzy Young and about 500 musicians and supporters gathered in the park and sang songs without a permit, then held a procession from the park through the arch at Fifth Avenue, and marched to the Judson Memorial Church on the other side of the park. At about the time the musicians and friends reached the church, the New York Police Department Riot Squad was sent into the park, attacked civilians with billy clubs, and arrested ten people. These tensions did not die down for some time.
THE 60’s TO THE 90’s
During this era was a gathering of a mixture of folks from all over the world and the local students of NYU, other students, and conglomeration of all colors of people. People would gather to listen to the music, "chill" out, meet other people and have an entertaining afternoon or evening. Many street performers would perform: from comics, who later became notable, to fire eaters, dancers, skaters to still the folk singers who continued to perform all around the square drawing many people to also sing along for a day of excitement and enjoyment. It was also the gathering place for protests and other counter-cultural activities. The police during the eighties and nineties along with possible community support began to monitor the park. There was a decision to renovate the park and during the time of renovation and after, the park lost its 1960s-90s appeal according to many. A visit to Union Square Park took over for some of that appeal during this time.
RENOVATION, 2007-2009
In December 2007 the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation began construction on a US $16 million project to redesign and refurbish Washington Square Park. Changes to the park's design include the realignment of the central fountain with the arch, a replacement of the existing perimeter fence with a taller iron fence, and the flattening and shrinking of the central plaza. Controversially, the plan calls for the cutting down of dozens of mature trees and the reinstitution of ornamental water plumes in the fountain – changes opponents worry will undermine the park's current informal character.
So far, five lawsuits have been filed challenging the Parks Department's renovation plans. Upon the completion of phase one of the park's renovation on May 22, 2009, the Coalition for a Better Washington Square Park, a private organization, began raising money to "hire off-duty cops and maintenance workers to patrol the Park" by the summer of 2010.